Name: 【TED】蘇珊娜-赫庫拉諾-胡澤爾。人類的大腦有什麼特別之處？蘇珊娜-赫庫拉諾-胡澤爾：人腦有什麼特別之處？ (【TED】Suzana Herculano-Houzel: What is so special about the human brain? (What is so special about the human brain? | Suzana Herculano-Houzel))
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T05:47:41.000Z
Duration: 13 min 32 s

What is so special about the human brain?

When I became interested in these questions about 10 years ago,

十幾年前我開始 對這類的問題感興趣

scientists thought they knew what different brains were made of.

那時的科學家自認已知差異所在

Though it was based on very little evidence,

many scientists thought that all mammalian brains,

許多科學家認為所有哺乳類的腦

This means that two brains of the same size,

like these two, with a respectable 400 grams,

information processing units of the brain,

應該有著差不多一樣的認知能力

that they choose not to let us realize it,

that chimps are capable of much more complex,

elaborate and flexible behaviors than cows are.

"all brains are made the same way" scenario

「所有腦都有相同的構造」的想法

and you were to compare animals with brains of different sizes,

larger brains should always have more neurons

那較大的腦就該有較多的神經元

than smaller brains, and the larger the brain,

the more cognitively able its owner should be.

So the largest brain around should also be

Our brain weighs between 1.2 and 1.5 kilos,

我們人類的腦大約是 1.2~1.5 公斤

but elephant brains weigh between four and five kilos,

and whale brains can weigh up to nine kilos,

which is why scientists used to resort to saying

Theirs may be bigger, but ours is better,

牠們的腦或許更大但我們的更好

in that it seems larger than it should be,

我們的腦比它應該有的樣子更大

with a much larger cerebral cortex than we should have

它有著超過應有的大腦皮質數量

這些「過多」的大腦皮質讓我們

to do more interesting things than just operating the body.

做出比操控身軀更多有趣的事情

Gorillas can be two to three times larger than we are,

大猩猩的身材比我們大上二到三倍

so their brains should also be larger than ours,

所以牠們的腦也該比我們的大才對

Our brain is three times larger than a gorilla brain.

Although it weighs only two percent of the body,

it alone uses 25 percent of all the energy

That's 500 calories out of a total of 2,000 calories,

也就是一天 2,000 卡路里中的 500 卡

So the human brain is larger than it should be,

And this is where the story started to bother me.

that apply to all animals and to life in general,

可以大體上適用於所有的動物和生命

適用於所有生物，但不包括我們呢?

Maybe the problem was with the basic assumption

that all brains are made in the same way.

「所有腦的構造都是一樣的」這個假設上

can actually be made of very different numbers of neurons.

其實可以有著非常不同數量的神經元

Maybe the human brain actually has the most neurons

都比其他生物擁有最多的神經元

how many neurons does the human brain have,

and how does that compare to other animals?

答案可如何與其它動物做比較呢？

Now, you may have heard or read somewhere

【TED】蘇珊娜-赫庫拉諾-胡澤爾。人類的大腦有什麼特別之處？蘇珊娜-赫庫拉諾-胡澤爾：人腦有什麼特別之處？ (【TED】Suzana Herculano-Houzel: What is so special about the human brain? (What is so special about the human brain? | Suzana Herculano-Houzel))

字幕列表影片播放

【TED】蘇珊娜-赫庫拉諾-胡澤爾。人類的大腦有什麼特別之處？蘇珊娜-赫庫拉諾-胡澤爾：人腦有什麼特別之處？ (【TED】Suzana Herculano-Houzel: What is so special about the human brain? (What is so special about the human brain? | Suzana Herculano-Houzel))

number

body

day

soup