Hey everyone, thanks for tuning in to DNews today, I am Trace.

大家好，我是 Trace，謝謝你們收看今天的 DNews。

Early to bed, early to rise makes space science move forward.

早睡早起讓太空科學日益茁壯。

Except the rising part, just stay in the bed.

除了起床的部分，就待在床上吧！

That's the message NASA is putting out there in this new research they're conducting.

這是 NASA 在最新的研究中發出的資訊。

Back in 2014, Drew Iwanicki joined a NASA-funded study excitingly titled Countermeasure and Functional Testing in Head-Down Bed Tilt Rest Study, abbreviated to CFT70.

在 2014 年，Drew Iwanicki 參加了一個由 NASA 贊助的研究，它有著令人興奮的名稱——「在躺臥式傾斜床休息的對策及功能性測試」，簡稱 CFT70。

Science is just the best with headlines.

科學就是最會下頭條標題了。

Iwanicki was famously paid 18,000 dollars to lay in bed for 70 days, and he was monitored 24/7, and was only allowed to sit up onto his elbows for 30 minutes while eating.

Iwanicki 因躺在床上 70 天，以換取 18,000 美金的報酬而出名，他全天候被監控，而且只能在進食時，坐起來一個手肘的高度 30 分鐘。

No napping, no sitting up, no getting out of bed for any reason, plus constant monitoring for two and a half months… sounds torturous!

不能午睡或坐立，無論如何都不能離開床鋪，再加上持續被監控兩個半月... 這聽起來備受折磨！

The study simulated long term inactivity in space with these participants.

這個研究在這些測試員的身上模擬了在外太空長時間處於休止狀態的情況。

NASA researchers figured if participants laid in bed with their feet slightly elevated their face will get puffy, and their blood will move differently through their body, not unlike in space travel.

NASA 的研究人員發現如果受測者躺在床上，並把他們的腳放置微微高於臉的高度，他們的臉會脹大，血液循環也會不一樣，與太空旅行時沒有不同。

Doing that for 70 days should simulate how the body reacts to long-term spacefaring.

躺在床上 70 天應該能夠模擬身體對於長時間太空旅行的反應。

They have to be careful though because too much bed rest might not be the best rest.

不過他們得萬分小心，因為在床上休息太久不是一個最好的休息方式。

Even when binging on DNews, sleeping, or reading a long book, your body is constantly moving itself.

即便是當你沈迷在 DNews 時、或是睡覺、看本厚厚的書時，你的身體不斷的在移動。

You twitch, you change positions, and you shift your weight all in an effort to keep your tissue safe from developing pressure-ulcers.

你會抖動、換姿勢、轉移你的重量來保護你的組織，避免長出壓迫性潰瘍。

Pressure-ulcers, also known as bedsores, are caused when we don't shift our weight and allow blood to flow through our skin.

壓迫性潰瘍又被稱為褥瘡，常發生在我們不移動我們的體重，並讓血液在整個皮下組織循環時。

If the skin is deprived of blood for too long, it suffocates and dies.

如果皮膚缺乏血液循環過久時，它便會窒息、壞死。

If the ulcers reach Stage IV, the tissue damage can get all the way to the bone.

如果潰瘍達到第四期的話，組織傷害可能會深及骨頭。

Too much bed rest can damage the human body and in extreme cases can kill.

過多的臥床休息會嚴重的傷害到人體，在極端的情況下，甚至會致命。

Pressure-ulcers kill 60,000 Americans every year.

壓迫性潰瘍每年奪取了 60,000 條美國人的性命。

Nurses are trained to move paralyzed patients every 2 hours to minimize bedsores, but even if you ignore bedsores, bed rest itself may be harmful to some.

護士們受過訓練，每兩個小時就要移動癱瘓的病患以減少褥瘡，不過即使忽略褥瘡，臥床休息仍是對有些人有害的。

A 2004 study in the journal "Joint, Bone, Spine" found patients with lower back pain who were prescribed bed rest ended up coming back with chronic pain 17 percent more often.

一個曾刊登在「關節、骨頭、脊椎」期刊的 2004 年研究報告發現有下背痛困擾的病患，在醫師處方臥床休息後，回診時增加了 17% 發作的頻率

And, in a 2008 Journal of "Applied Physiology study", rats who were hindlimb-unloaded, which is like bed rest for rats, showed signs of depression after only two weeks.

而且在 2008 年刊登於「應用生理學」的研究指出，這些老鼠們後肢被懸吊起相當於老鼠的臥床休息，僅在兩週後就表現出了憂鬱的傾向。

Eventually, they developed higher cardiovascular stresses on top of their psychological issues.

最後，除了心理壓力之外，他們還有更多心血管壓力。

Other studies have found long periods of bed rest can cause forgetfulness, confusion, anxiety, and respiratory problems or blood disorders.

其他研究發現長期臥床休息可能會導致健忘、混肴、焦慮以及呼吸器官的相關問題或是血液失調。

Even Hippocrates, considered the Father of Western Medicine, he died in 370 BC, had found that bedridden patients could experience muscle loss, bone loss and tooth loss!

甚至是死於西元前 370 年被譽為是西方醫學之父的希波克拉底，就曾發現臥床的病患可能會有肌肉、骨頭甚至是牙齒流失的困擾！

Now, to be clear, science isn't saying bed rest is evil!

不過澄清一下，科學可不是說臥床休息是百害無一利！

Hippocrates would recommend it for some minor illnesses, and that practice continues today.

希波克拉底認為臥床休息適合一些輕微的疾病，而這個做法則延續至今日。

A study done at the Boston Children's Hospital found those who were treated for concussions who took time to rest their brains recovered more quickly than those who didn't rest.

一份在波士頓兒童醫院所做的研究發現，因腦震盪而就診的病患若有讓大腦休息會比那些沒有休息的病患，好得要快。

A little sloth is good once in a while!

偷懶偶爾也是不錯的！

The concussed kids weren't even allowed to read, text, or play video games for several days.

這些腦震盪的小孩甚至在長達多天的時間裡，不允許閱讀、打字、或者是打電玩遊戲。

To bring it all back though, NASA is studying bed rest because of deep-space exploration.

回到正題，NASA 研究臥床休息是為了深度的宇宙探索。

The CFT70 study is slated to be completed in December of 2015, but they hope this will help understand which mission tasks might be affected by changes in physiology during space flight, so they can design countermeasures to prevent or minimize impairment to these physiological systems.

這項 CFT70 研究預計會在 2015 年 12 月時完成，NASA 希望這項研究能夠幫助瞭解在外太空航行時有哪些任務會被生理上的改變所影響，好讓他們想出對策以預防或是縮小對這些生理系統的損害。

For extended space flight like going to Mars, or further, this could be super useful.

對於像去火星或更遠的地方來說，這可能超級有用的。

Hopefully, they'll learn just how much muscle, bone and cardiovascular functions will be affected thanks to all that bed rest.

希望他們能夠藉著這個臥床休息瞭解到肌肉、骨頭、心血管功能被影響的程度。

Hippocrates would be proud.

希波克拉底會感到驕傲的。

If you really like digging deep into the science of space as I do, check out my new show, TestTube Plus.

如果你跟我一樣喜歡深入探索宇宙科學，來看看我的新節目吧：TestTube Plus。

I recently had astrophysicist Dr. Ian O'Neill on to talk about black holes, white holes, wormholes, and all sorts of other crazy spacey stuff for a whole week of episodes.

我最近邀請到天體物理學家 Dr. Ian O'Neill 來談論整整一週有關黑洞、白洞、蟲洞以及各式各樣的宇宙瘋狂事物。

First generation stars, they were... have very short lives.

第一代恆星，他們...的壽命都非常短。

They don't likely used to.

它們似乎還沒發展完全。

They live fast, died young, they had a good time, but they are really massive.

它們壽命短、逝去得早，存在的時光很美好，但它們數量很大。

So these things are like nothing we've ever experience on modern universe, they only existed back then

這是我們現代的宇宙中從沒體驗過的，它們只存在於當時的年代。

TestTube Plus is a deep dive way into science.

TestTube Plus 是個深度探討科學的節目。

You can subscribe here or in the link in the description!

你可以從這裡、或是從影片資訊中的連結訂閱我們的頻道！

Also it's an audio podcast on iTunes, so you can find it there, it has gotten pretty good reviews so far I must say.

我們還有在 iTunes 上目前相當受到好評的 podcast！

Thanks for watching DNews everybody.

謝謝大家收看 DNews。

Make sure you subscribe to this channel as well, and I'll see you tomorrow.

記得也要訂閱這個頻道，明天見。