from Crown Academy of English and today we are going to

be doing a grammar lesson and

we are going to look at the difference between the word

all and every... so

people very often get confused between those two words

so we're going to look at the differences between the words

and when do we use "all" ? And

when do we use "every" ? Let's get started! So

on this photograph we can see there are

three ducks. Three yellow ducks.

This duck is yellow, the first one.

The second one is yellow. The third one

is yellow. So we can say

all

of the ducks are yellow. All

of the ducks are yellow. The word "of"

is inside brackets because the word

"of" is optional. So we can either say

all the ducks are yellow, or

all OF the ducks are yellow. It's the same.

We can also say....

we can also use the word "every". Every duck

is yellow, every duck

is yellow. So both of these sentences

are correct and both of them mean

the same thing. So the meaning is the same....

okay. So you have a choice

in this instance of either saying "all"

or "every". Now...

there is a rule

of the grammar structure of when we use the word "all"......

and if you can see it you can see the word

all.....after it, the word

duck, is in plural, so

when we use the word "all", the noun

must go into the plural okay...

and because the noun here... because ducks

is now plural, the verb is also plural.

So this is the verb "to be" in

the ..... let me just think .... the third person plural.

so "are". And when we use the word

"every".... "every" uses

the singular form of the noun, so

every duck and because duck is singular,

then the verb is singular

as well. So this is the

... third-person singular of the verb

"to be". So this is the rule -

when we use the word "all", we must

use the plural afterwards and when we use the word

"every", the noun must go

in the singular form. Let's look at two more examples:

So here are

some chocolate cakes. This cake is made of chocolate,

this cake is made of chocolate, this cake is made of chocolate...

so we can say all

of the cakes are chocolate cakes. So "all"

followed by the plural....

cakes are chocolate cakes.

And we can also say

the same meaning but a different way of saying it, we can use the word

"every" and we say every cake

is a chocolate cake... so

every and

cake in singular form is

a chocolate cake. So both of those sentences

mean the same thing.

And the last example: Here we have

a child who looks happy,

and this child is happy,

this child is happy

so here we say all of the children

are happy... and remember that

"child" is an irregular noun

and in the plural ....

the plural of child is children.

So we have "all", followed by

the children which is plural and we say they

ARE happy.

And if we want to use the word "every", again we use

"every" + singular so every child

is happy. So the most important thing to remember is...

"all" plus plural

and "every" plus singular.

Now there are just another couple of exceptions...

we cannot always use all

and every for the same

uses. Sometimes we can only use the word

"all" and one example is

if we want to use a possessive pronoun,

then we can only used the word "all" - we cannot use the word...

(excuse me!) we cannot use the word "every"

So, what is a possessive pronoun?

Well here they are - the possessive pronouns are words like:

my, your, his,

her, its, our

and their. So these possessive pronouns

are used to indicate possession....

that somebody owns something...

and if we want to use one of these words

in our sentence, then

we must only use the word

"all" - We cannot use the word

"every" .... so ...

if we want to use a possessive pronoun,

it is okay to use the word "all". So we can say

"all" and then a possessive pronoun...

..that is OK but

we cannot use the word

every - that is wrong.

Example:

So here we can see there are some tablets, some medication...

okay so the tablets are

brown in colour...

and if we want to use the word "your"... if we want to say that they are your tablets,

we must use the word "all" so we can say

all of your tablets are brown.

That is correct,

but we must not say every

your tablets... so if we use the word "your",

then "every" is wrong. We cannot say

every. This is wrong

and that is wrong. So even

plural or singular, they are both wrong...

okay... do not use "every" with

any of these possessive pronouns. Another

example... here we have some sweets

and they are all in like a heart shape...

so ...

we would say all of their sweets,

so if the sweets belong to them, third person plural,

that is okay we can say all of their sweets

our hearts, but

we must not use the word every because this is a possessive pronoun

and we must not use "every" with possessive pronouns.

so "every their.." is wrong. Now

similar, if we want to use something called a

"demonstrative", we can only use the word

"all". So,

what is a demonstrative? Well in English

these are words like .. well ...

the singular would be "this"

and "that" and in the plural,

it is "these" and "those".

Now for this lesson, we are

only interested in the plural

because "all" and

"every" ..... are

only referring to nouns in the plural.

So, this lesson we're just looking at the words

these and those. So

the rule is similar to possessive pronouns -

If we want to use the word "these"

and "those", then we can

only use "all". We must not use

"every". So

"all" followed by

these and those is correct but

we must not use "every". Every....

we cannot say "every these" or "every those". That is

wrong. Example - So we have some

eggs. The eggs are fresh...

and so we can say

all of these eggs are fresh. That is fine, that is OK

but "every these

eggs are fresh" is wrong ...so we cannot use

"every". We cannot use "every" with these. We can only use "all".

So "every these

eggs is fresh" is wrong as well. The singular or plural. Both of them are

wrong.

Example 2 - So we have some

nice-looking oranges ... and I think these oranges come from Spain.

We all know Spain grows the nicest oranges :-)

and

so we can say all of those oranges

are from Spain. That is OK, that is correct.

But we cannot say

"every those oranges", that is wrong

because it's the word "every". So

the conclusion here is if we want to use the word

"these" or "those" in our sentence, then

we must used the word "all".

okay? all

+ uncountable nouns... well

what is an uncountable noun? Well

.... the definition

looks complicated but it is actually quite

simple - An uncountable noun

is something that

we cannot separate into

different parts. We cannot count them

and the best is if I give you an example.

For example, the word "milk" -

We do not say one milk, two milks,

three milks - we just say "milk".

It is a word that only exists in the singular

form - the same for "music"

It is a general word that only

exists in the singular - We do not say

one music, two musics, three musics... we just say

"music"... ok?

And so when we want to use these words,

we can only use...again... we must only used the word

"all" - we cannot say "every".

We cannot say "every furniture", "every music",

"every milk"

So we must use "all",

we must not use "every".

Example -

Stephen likes rock music,

Stephen likes jazz music,

and Stephen also likes

classical music

so we can say

Stephen likes all music.

So this is the uncountable noun,

and notice this time the word stays in

the singular... okay... and we do not use the word

"the" so there is no

article... there is no definite article.

We say the word "all" and then

the uncountable noun which always stays

in the singular.

So this is wrong. We must not say "Steven likes

every music". That is just nonsense. That

does not make any sense. It doesn't mean anything

and grammatically it is wrong.

So just to remember, if it is an uncountable noun,

you can only use the word "all".

And there is

another meaning of the word ...

"all", and it means "the whole of.."

Let me give you an example what we mean.

So here we can see there is a cake

okay... now imagine that somebody

eats this slice

of the cake and then he eats

another slice of the cake, and then he eats

this slice of the cake, and then he eats

the last slice of the cake.

So we can say "my friends

ate all of the cake". So

"all" here means

everything - the whole of the cake.

It's another way of saying "the whole of..."

ok... so my friends ate all

of the cake....

and in this context,

emy friends ate every cake" is

is wrong - in this example ...

because this sentence

means that there are several cakes

but there isn't, there aren't several cakes. There is one

single cake, so

this is wrong ok?

We must say "my friends ate all of the cake" It means the whole

of the cake. However,

instead of talking about the cake

itself, if we talk about

a slice of the cake, then yes, we can now

say "my friends ate all the slices

of the cake. And in this

case, then we