of power and alliance. Just half a century ago, the two nations were at odds and nearing

展示軍事力量與同盟關係。但是在半世紀之前，這兩個關係不好

nuclear war. But today, China and Russia work together in groups like BRICS and the Shanghai

且差點發生核戰。但現在，中國與俄國在各個國際組織合作，像是

Cooperation Organization. So, why do Russia and China love each other?

金磚四國與上海合作組織。為什麼俄國與中國互相喜歡對方？

Well, in the early 20th century, Russia and China were both in the middle of Communist

在二十世紀早期，俄國與中國都同時處於共產革命中

revolutions. National leaders Joseph Stalin and Mao Zedong even created similar cults

國家領導人史達林與毛澤東甚至都建立起相似的個人崇拜，以鞏固政權

of personality surrounding their leadership. However, when Stalin died in 1953, his successor

然而，在史達林卒於1953年後，他的繼任者

denounced his repressive regime and created a rift between China and the USSR. In 1961,

譴責其高壓統治，這使中國與蘇聯之間產生裂痕。在1961年

because of the USSR’s divergent ideology, Mao’s regime called the new Soviet government

因為與蘇聯分歧的意識形態，毛澤東稱新蘇聯政府為「行修正主義的背叛者」

“revisionist traitors.” At a peak of Cold War tension, the two almost went to war over

在兩國關係最緊張之時，兩國幾乎為了領土爭議開戰

territorial conflicts. But when the Cold War ended in the 90s, so did a de facto alliance

但是在90年代冷戰過後，美國與中國為了對抗蘇聯

between the US and China against Soviet Russia. Diplomatic tensions thawed. As the two countries

的同盟也宣告結束。外交上破冰後，兩國繼續在經濟上擴大交流

expanded economically, they found it mutually beneficial to pursue a “constructive partnership.”

兩國都認為這「建設性夥伴關係」會為雙方帶來利益

The success of this new alliance led to the 2001 treaty of “friendship and cooperation”

這種新同盟關係的成功，使兩國更進一步簽訂「中俄睦鄰友好合作條約」

ensuring mutual MILITARY cooperation.

確保其軍事上的合作

The alliance between these world superpowers has served to make both countries more powerful.

兩大強權的合作，使雙方變得更強大

Russia is the largest country with the 2nd strongest military in the world. They have

俄羅斯是世界上第二強的軍事強國。他們

more nuclear weapons than even the United States. Meanwhile, China has one of the largest

擁有的核武器甚至比美國還要多。同時，中國是世界上最大的經濟體

economies, and is the most populous nation. As of 2014, after the US, China and Russia

與人口數最多的國家。在2014年

spend the most on their militaries.

中國與俄羅斯在軍事上的花費僅次於美國

Their alliance has flourished especially since 2014, when the US and Europe imposed economic

兩國之間的同盟關係在２０１４年之後，變得更加緊密，因為當時美國與歐盟

sanctions on Russia for invading Ukraine. Russians have been able to support their economy

對於俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭進行經濟制裁。至此後，俄羅斯擴大與中國的經貿往來

with increased business ties to China. And China has benefitted from increased pre-eminence

以支撐經濟。中國也能加強在歐亞大陸的影響力

in the Eurasia region - slowly rising up to counterbalance Western dominance.

漸漸地能與西方國家抗衡

However, today, experts claim the countries remain suspicious of one another. Russia,

然而，某些專家宣稱，中俄兩國仍對彼此有疑慮

in the midst of an economic recession, wants a higher price for their oil than China’s

經濟陷於衰退的俄羅斯，石油的賣出價格，比中國期望的價格還要高

willing to pay. And China is wary of Russia’s military and energy links to India and Vietnam,

同時，中國也介意俄羅斯與越南，印度在能源上與軍事上的關係

both of which are China’s rivals. Also, in the wake of Russia’s annexation of Crimea,

這兩國都與中國有芥蒂。另外，在俄羅斯併吞克里米亞後

China is concerned about potential border conflicts with their northern neighbor. All

中國也擔心未來可能會與俄羅斯發生領土衝突

in all, they have quite a few minor but potentially serious conflicts, which undermine complete

總知,中俄兩國間仍存在著潛在的衝突，這或許會破壞雙方的互信關係

trust in one another.

America and Europe are watching Russia and China’s diplomatic friendship carefully.

美國與歐洲都關注中俄兩國的外交關係

Western leaders have already stepped up efforts to “pivot to Asia,” and address future

西方領導人藉由「重返亞洲」的動作，準備對付

competition from the East. Although the US and the European Union still lead the world

未來來自東方的競爭。雖然美國與歐盟仍在世界GDP上占領先地位

in nominal GDP figures, the combined military and economic might of China and Russia cannot

中國與俄羅斯的經濟，軍事力量的總和，仍不容忽視

be ignored. Their cooperation through billion-dollar energy deals, trade, and military training

中俄兩國間，上百億的能源交易，還有軍事共同演習

drills has the world wondering what the future holds for the Sino-Russian alliance.

都讓世界都關注，中俄聯盟會讓世界未來變成怎麼樣

Russia isn’t China’s only close ally in the region. China also supports North Korea.

俄羅斯不是中國唯一的親密盟友，中國也大力支持北韓

To find out why, watch this video. Thanks for watching TestTube News! Don’t forget

想知道為什麼，看這影片。感謝收看

to like and subscribe for new videos from us.

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