I'm going to teach you about something called "tapping".

我要教的是叫做「拍音（tapping）」

Okay.

好。

So, before I explain what tapping is, I want you to listen to how I pronounce this word.

所以，在我開始解釋拍音（tapping）是什麼之前，我想要你聽聽看我怎麼唸這個字的。

I'm going to pronounce it in three ways, and I want you to tell me:What's the difference in each way I pronounce this? Okay?

我要用三種方式來唸唸看，然後我要你們告訴我：我每個發音方式上有什麼差別，好嗎？

So the first way I'm going to pronounce it: "thiry" "thiry". Okay?

第一個方式我的發音是：「thiry」。

Now, the next way: "thirdy", "thirdy". And finally: "thirty", "thirty".

現在，另一個方式：「thirdy」。最後一種：「thirty」。

So what was the difference in the three pronunciations? Between "thiry", "thirdy", "thirty"?

三種發音有什麼不同的呢？「thiry」、「thirdy」、「thirty」這三個之間？

If you said this, you are correct.

如果你說中這個，你答對了。

One of the major differences you'll find in different Englishes is the way we pronounce "t".

你找到的其中一個主要的不同之處就是我們唸「t」的方式。

In British English, a lot of the times you actually hear the "t".

英式英語中，很多時候你可以清楚的聽到「t」。　

I'm terrible with British accents, but "thirty", "t", okay? So you can hear it like a "t" sound.

我的英式腔真的很差，但是「thirty」，「t」，好？所以你可以聽到就像一個「t」的聲音。

In Englishes... Some British Englishes, and sometimes Australian Englishes, they actually get rid of the "t", it's like it doesn't even exist.

在英文中... 有些英式英文和有時候是澳洲英文，他們直接省略掉「t」就好像根本沒有。

So you might hear: "thiry". Okay?

所以你可能會聽到「thiry」。

In North American English, oftentimes, we pronounce t's like d's.

北美英文中，我們常常把 t 發音發的像 d。

So you would hear: "thirdy", okay? So this is one of the main difference between many different Englishes, how we pronounce our t's.

所以你會聽到：「thirdy」。所以這就是其中一個許多英文之間的主要差異，我們如何發「t」這個音。

So what's the rule for this? How do we know when to pronounce our t's like d's?

所以這個的規則是什麼？我們怎麼知道什麼時候要把 t 發成 d 呢？

Because this is going to focus on the North American pronunciation.

因為這是針對北美發音，

Well, I have here a bunch of different words, all have the word... Or all have the letter "t" in them.

所以我這裡有一堆不一樣的單字，所有的都有這個字... 或是所有字都有這個字母「t」。

I want you to listen, and I want you to think about: Where is "t" pronounced like a "d"? Okay?

我想要你聽看看，然後我要你想想：哪裡的「t」發的像「d」的音？

So you're going to listen carefully, and I want you to think about: Which words do I pronounce "t" like a "d"? Okay?

所以你接下來要仔細聽，然後我想要你想想：哪些字我把「t」發得像「d」好嗎？

So the first word: "party", "party". Okay? "Party".

所以第一個字：「party」。

If you said this is like a "d", you are correct. So we have one here.

如果你說這個像「d」，你答對了。所以我們有一個例子了。

Next word: "tiny", "tiny", "tiny". No "d" sound.

下一個字：「tiny」。沒有「d」的聲音。

"Water", "water". There is a "d" sound here.

「water」。這有「d」的聲音。

So, again, North American pronunciation.

所以，又是，北美發音。

British people would probably say something different, like "wa-er" or like "water", okay?

英國人可能會唸得不太一樣，像是「wa-er」或是像「water」。

Next one: "forty", "forty". Okay.

下一個：「forty」。

Yeah, we have a "d" sound, here.

好。對了，我們這有「d」的聲音。

"Latter", "latter", "latter". Okay, you probably heard a "d" sound.

「Latter」。好，你或許有聽到「d」的聲音。

Next one: "bottle", "bottle", "bottle". Probably heard a "d" sound there.

下一個：「bottle」。或許那有聽到「d」的聲音。

The next word that has a "t" in it: "tornado", "tornado". Does it have a "d" sound? I mean where the "t" is. Of course it has this "d" sound, but: "tornado".

下一個字裡面有一個「t」：「tornado」。它有「d」的聲音嗎？我是指「t」的那個地方。當然它有「d」的聲音，但是：「tornado」

No, we don't pronounce it like a "d".

不，我們不把它發得像「d」。

"City", "city". Yeah, it has a "d" sound.

「City」。對了，它有「d」的聲音。

"Tuna", "tuna", no "d" sound; it sounds like a "t".

「Tuna」沒有「d」的聲音；聽起來就像「t」。

"Bitter", "bitter", "d" sound.

「Bitter」，有「d」的聲音。

"Thanks", "thanks", doesn't even have a "t" sound, actually. It has a "th" sound, which is a little different.

「Thanks」甚至其實連「t」的聲音都沒有。它有「th」的聲音，這有點不一樣。

And finally: "tall", "tall". No "d" sound either.

接下來最後一個：「tall」也沒有「d」的聲音。

So, what do you notice about these words? Is the "t"...? When we pronounce t's as d's in North American English, do we pronounce t's like d's when they're at the beginning of the word or when they're in the middle?

所以，你在這些單字之間有注意到什麼呢？「t」是？什麼時候我們把 t 發成 d 呢？在北美英文中，我們是否會將字首的 t 或是在字中間的 t 發得像 d 呢？

You look here. So this one is a yes, it's in the middle, it's in the middle, middle, middle.

你看看這。所以這一個是，在中間、在中間、中間、中間。

The beginning, no. Middle; beginning, no; middle; no; no.

開頭，不是。中間、開頭不是。中間。不是、不是。

So we pronounce t's like d's when they're in the middle of a word. Okay?

所以我們把 t 發得像 d 的音當它們在字的中間的時候。

But we don't do it all the time. When do we do it? When do we say t's like t's, and when do we say t's like d's?

但是並不是所有都這樣。什麼時候我們這樣做？什麼時候我們把 t 發成 t，而又是何時我們將 t 發得像 d 一樣呢？

That might get a little bit confusing, but I hope you're following.

這或許有點容易搞混，但是我希望你還跟得上。

Well, it depends on stress. So, what is stress?

嗯，取決於重音。所以。什麼是重音？

"Oh, I have a test tomorrow. I'm stressed."

「喔！我明天有考試。我壓力好大。」（stress也可以指壓力）

Not that kind of stress. We're talking about stress in pronunciation.

不是這種壓力。我們在說的是發音中的重音。 當我們在發音的時候加重一些部分。

When we stress something in pronunciation, we mean we say it louder and longer.

我是指我們把它說得比較大聲也發得比較長。

So, for example: "party", part of this I'm going to say loud and long, and part of it short.

所以，例如：「party」，其中一部分我會把它發得大聲和較長，而且有部分是短的。

So listen and tell me where the stress is: "party".

所以聽聽看然後告訴我哪裡是重音：「party」。　

The stress, if you said it's here, you are correct.

如果你說是在這裡，你答對了。

"Par" is loud, "ty" is shorter.

「Par」是比較大聲的，「ty」是比較短的。

I'll... Let's go to "water" next. "Water", "water". So where is the stress?

我...我們接下來看看「water」這個字。「Water」，哪裡是重音？

Stress is here, okay? The first part. "Water". We say this part quieter.

重音在這。第一個部分。「Water」。我們把這個部分發音發得比較小聲。

Here: "forty", "forty". Where is the stress? What part's louder and longer?

這裡：「forty」。重音在哪裡？哪個部分比較大聲也比較長？

If you said "for", you're correct.

如果你說是「for」，你答對了。

We say that part louder and longer. Louder and long... Louder and longer.

我們把這個部分發得比較大聲且拉長音。比較大聲和拉長音...比較大聲和拉長音

Here we have the word "latter", "latter", "latter". Again, the first part is louder.

這裡，我們有這個字「latter」。一樣，第一個部分比較大聲。

"Bottle", "bottle". In this case, the first part... Sorry. First part is louder.

「Bottle」。在這個情況中，第一個部分...對不起。第一個部分比較大聲

"City", "city", okay? Again, the first part is louder.

「City」。再一次，第一部分比較大聲。

And so on, you'll see the same thing, here: "bitter" it's stressed.

還有，你在這可以看到一樣的情況「bitter」是有壓重音的。

So what you're going to notice is that when we have a "t" in the middle of the word, not at the beginning, and when it is not stressed... Okay?

所以你要注意的是，如果我們在字的中間有 t，不是在字首，還有當它不是壓重音的地方。

So, this is stressed, not stressed.

所以，這個是有壓重音的、沒壓重音的。

So the "t" isn't stressed, the "t" isn't stressed, the "t" isn't stressed.

所以這個「t」並沒有壓重音、這個「t」沒有壓重音、這個「t」沒有壓重音。

When the "t" isn't stressed, it becomes a "d". Okay? So, "t" equals "d" when unstressed. Okay.

當這個「t」不是重音的時候，它就變成了「d」。

So let's do some practice with this. I want you to say these words after me, and really focus on making a "d" sound in it. Okay?

所以我們來練習一下這個。我想要你在我說完之後重複一次，而且要注意在字裡面發出「d」的聲音。

So the first word: "20", "20", "30", 30",

所以第一個字：「20」、「30」、

"40", "40", "50", "50", "60", "60", "70", "70", "80", "80", "90", "90".

「40」、「50」、「60」、「70」、「80」、「90」。

Okay, so now I want you to actually try maybe an Australian pronunciation. I don't have an Australian accent, but we're going to imagine these do not have a "t", okay?

好，所以現在我想要你來試試看澳洲式發音。我沒有澳洲口音，但是我們要想像這些字裡面沒有「t」。

We're going to take away the "t" and "d", and say them like Australian. All right? So let's try.

我們要把「t」和「d」拿掉然後把它們發得像澳洲人一樣。

"20", "30", "40", "50", "60"...

所以我們來試試看。「20」、「30」、「40」、「50」、「60」......

Oh, that's tough. "70", "80", "90". Okay? Again, my accent for Australian... I apologize

噢，好難。「70」、「80」、「90」。再一次，我要向澳洲人為我的口音道歉。

if you live in Australia, and my accent is quite off, but you get the point.

如果你住在澳洲，我的口音是差蠻多的，但是你知道重點了。

And it's the same with some sorts of British English, you just have a missing "t". Okay?

而且這跟一些英式英文一樣，你就不發「t」的聲音。

Now let's try this where we really pronounce the "t".

現在我們來試試看我們真的把「t」發出來。

"20", "30", "40", "50"... Even for me it's hard to keep the "t". "50", "60", "70", "80", "90". Okay.

「20」、「30」、「40」、「50」......即使對我來說保有原本的「t」也很難。「50」、「60」、「70」、「80」、「90」。

So you can test it out. Depending on what kind of accent you want... If you want a North American accent, you should... We call this tapping, where you turn this into a "d".

所以你可以自己檢驗看看。看你自己是想要什麼樣子的口音...如果你想要北美口音，你應該...我們稱為的拍音（tapping），也就是把它轉成「d」。

If you want a British accent, pronounce your t's; very important.

如果你想要英式英語，把你的 t 發出來，這很重要。

And if you want maybe an Australian accent or a different dialect of English, get rid of the "t", okay? In unstressed syllables.

而且如果你想要澳洲口音或是英文中不同的分支消除掉「t」。在不是壓重音的音節裡面。

So, thank you for watching this video. I invite you to take our quiz on this at www.engvid.com.

感謝觀賞這部影片。我邀請你們在www.engvid.com上參加我們的測驗。

There, you can learn some more about tapping, and you can practice seeing where you think stresses in syllables, and which t's are tapped, where they sound like a "d".

在那，你可以學到更多關於拍音（tapping），你可以練習看看你覺得音節裡面的重音在哪裡，還有哪些t會是拍音（發成ｄ），他們哪裡聽起來像「d」。

So, until next time, take care, and I will see you soon.

所以，下次之前，好好保重唷，下次見。