So, what does your pee say about you?

尿液透露出有關你身體的什麼訊息呢？

And could it be a clear indicator of your body's overall health?

尿液可以作為你身體健康狀況的明確指標嗎？

Before you pee, the kidneys filter water soluble waste by absorbing the nutrients it needs to keep, like sugar, back into your body, and getting rid of the things your body doesn’t want, like toxins.

在排尿前，腎臟會過濾水溶性廢物，吸收如糖分等所需的養分至體內，並會清除身體不需要的東西如毒素。

The liquid waste then flows to your bladder where it's stored until eventually being peed out.

這些液體排泄物會接著流到膀胱，在排尿前都會儲存在這裡。

If your urine is brown, it could be from eating a lot of rhubarb, fava beans or aloe.

如果尿液是棕色的，可能是因為吃很多大黃、蠶豆或是蘆薈。

It's also a side effect of some medications such as laxatives, muscle relaxants, and antibiotics.

也可能是一些藥物如瀉藥、肌肉鬆弛劑和抗生素的副作用。

More seriously, it can be a sign of liver disorder or kidney disease.

更嚴重的話，它可能是肝臟或腎臟疾病的徵兆。

If you’re seeing purple, you may be suffering from a rare inherited disorder known as porphyria.

如果尿液是紫色的話，你可能是得到一種叫做「紫質症」的罕見遺傳疾病。

Porphyria causes your body to be deficient in the enzymes which produce heme, an essential part of red blood cells.

紫質症會造成身體缺乏製造血紅素的酵素，血紅素是紅血球中不可或缺的部分。

Green urine?

那綠色的尿液呢？

It could be from a new medication or vitamin.

可能是由於一種新的藥或是維他命所造成的。

Some green food dyes don’t get absorbed by your body and can be excreted in your urine, so a green stream is not always something to be alarmed about, especially after St. Patrick's day.

一些綠色的食物色素不會被身體吸收，而是會由尿液排出，所以看見尿液呈現綠色時，不需要總是感到驚慌，特別是在聖帕翠克節之後。

If your urine is blue, you likely have familial hypercalcemia, an inherited disorder found in children which is caused by excess calcium in the blood also known as blue diaper syndrome.

如果尿液是藍色的，你可能有家族性高血鈣症，高血鈣症是一種在兒童身上發現的遺傳疾病，由血液中過量的鈣所引起的，也就是俗稱的「小兒藍尿布綜合症」。

Some medications have methylene blue in them which can also cause urine to turn blue or green.

一些藥物含有亞甲藍，會造成尿液呈現藍色或綠色。

If it's pink or red, there may be blood in your urine.

如果尿液是粉色或紅色，可能是因為尿液中有血。

This could be due to a variety of conditions from an enlarged prostate, bladder cancer or even chronic lead poisoning.

這可能是由於前列腺肥大、膀胱癌或甚至是慢性鉛中毒等不同疾病所引起。

But red urine can also be caused by different types of medications or from eating richly colored foods like beets and blackberries.

但紅色尿液的成因也可能是因為不同種類的藥物或是吃下富含色素的食物如甜菜和黑莓。

In fact, beeturia is the technical term for peeing pink after eating too many beets.

事實上，「甜菜尿」是一種術語，用來解釋吃完過多的甜菜後，尿液呈現粉紅色的情況。

If your urine is orange, it could be from eating excessive amounts of food containing high levels of vitamin C or carotene such as carrots.

如果尿液呈現橘色，可能是因為吃下過多含有大量維他命C或是胡蘿蔔素的食物，如紅蘿蔔。

It’s also caused by drugs, like a painkiller called Pyridium given to people with urinary tract infections which turns urine bright orange.

也可能是由藥物引起的，像是一種叫做 Pyridium 的止痛藥，用來治療尿道感染的人，這種藥會讓尿液呈現亮橘色。

Now, normally, urine should be a shade of yellow, and it gets this yellow color from the pigment of urobilin, which is a product of the breakdown of heme, an essential part of your blood.

正常來說，尿液應該呈黃色，而這種黃色來自於尿膽素，由血液中不可或缺的部分——血紅素分解後的產物。

Depending on how much water you have in your body, your urine will either be diluted or concentrated with urobilin.

身體中含水量的多寡會決定尿液是會被尿膽素稀釋或是濃縮。

Honey colored?

尿液呈蜂蜜色表示？

It means your body has reabsorbed a lot of water to keep you hydrated, so now there is a higher concentration of urobilin in your urine, making your pee appear amber colored.

代表身體重新吸收大量的水以維持身體的含水量，因此尿液中的尿膽素濃度會升高，使尿液呈琥珀色。

You should probably drink some water right now.

你可能需要馬上補充水分。

If it's dark yellow, this is normal, but there is still more urobilin so you will want to drink water soon.

如果尿液是深黃色，這很正常，但尿液中的尿膽素仍偏多，所以你很快就會想喝水了。

No color at all means you have been drinking a lot of water.

如果尿液沒有顏色，代表你喝了大量的水。

It could also mean you have consumed caffeine or alcohol which inhibits the ability for your body to reabsorb liquid in the kidney, meaning you pee out way more water.

也可能代表你攝取了咖啡因或是酒精，這抑制了腎臟再次吸收液體的能力，代表你的尿液會排出更多的水分。

If you are looking at transparent yellow, you’re normal and healthily hydrated.

如果尿液是透明黃色，表示你的身體健康，身體的含水量也在正常範圍內。

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