Name: 【TED】Dan Pink談叫人意想不到的激勵科學 (The puzzle of motivation | Dan Pink)
Uploaded: 2013-04-16T14:43:01.000Z
Duration: 18 min 37 s

I need to make a confession at the outset here.

我做了一件使我後悔至今的事，

something that I'm not particularly proud of,

something that, in many ways, I wish no one would ever know,

but here I feel kind of obliged to reveal.

但今天，我覺得我有必要把它公開，

Now, in America law is a professional degree:

現今在美國，法律學位是專業學位，

you get your university degree, then you go on to law school.

你先要拿一個大學學位，才能入讀法學院，

I, in fact, graduated in the part of my law school class

成就了在我之上的十分之九的學生；

但今天，我要漠視自己的良好判斷，

I want to try to dust off some of those legal skills --

把我那些封塵的法律知識拿出來，

I want to make a hard-headed, evidence-based,

一個實實在在，有根有據的陳述，

for rethinking how we run our businesses.

So, ladies and gentlemen of the jury, take a look at this.

好了，各位陪審員先生女士，請看看﹔

這是由一位名叫頓克的心理學家

that is used in a whole variety of experiments in behavioral science.

被廣泛的應用在各類的行為科學研究中，

And here's how it works. Suppose I'm the experimenter.

實驗是這樣的，設想我是實驗人員，

I bring you into a room. I give you a candle,

我帶你進入一個房間，給你一支蠟燭，

so the wax doesn't drip onto the table." Now what would you do?

但蠟不可滴到桌子上。」你會怎麼做？

Now many people begin trying to thumbtack the candle to the wall.

很多人會嘗試用按釘把蠟燭釘在牆上，

Somebody, some people -- and I saw somebody

light the match, melt the side of the candle, try to adhere it to the wall.

用火柴把蠟燭的邊融了，試圖把它黏到牆上，

And eventually, after five or 10 minutes,

The key is to overcome what's called functional fixedness.

關鍵在於我們要克服一個叫「功能固着」的心理障礙，

You look at that box and you see it only as a receptacle for the tacks.

你見到這個盒子，就把它當成載釘子的工具，

But it can also have this other function,

as a platform for the candle. The candle problem.

若把它作為蠟燭的平台，難題便得到解決，

Now I want to tell you about an experiment

done by a scientist named Sam Glucksberg,

這是由一位叫格魯茲堡的科學家做的，

who is now at Princeton University in the U.S.

他現在美國普林斯頓大學工作，

Here's what he did. He gathered his participants.

實驗是這樣的：他找來一批參與者，

And he said, "I'm going to time you. How quickly you can solve this problem?"

對他們說：「我會為你們計時，看看誰最快能找到問題的答案。」

"I'm going to time you to establish norms,

來量度解決這個問題需時的標準。」

He said, "If you're in the top 25 percent of the fastest times,

If you're the fastest of everyone we're testing here today,

Now this is several years ago. Adjusted for inflation,

這個實驗在多年前進行，把通漲算在內，

it's a decent sum of money for a few minutes of work.

以幾分鐘的實驗來說，那是不錯的報酬，

Three and a half minutes longer. Now this makes no sense right?

是慢了三分半鐘！你會覺得沒有道理吧？

I mean, I'm an American. I believe in free markets.

我們美國人都相信自由市場嘛，

That's not how it's supposed to work. Right?

事情不應該是這樣的，你說是不是？

Bonuses, commissions, their own reality show.

獎金啦，分紅利啦，讓他個人表演機會啦，

Incentivize them. That's how business works.

都是獎勵，商業社會就是這樣運作的，

但這個實驗卻發現了事情並非這樣，

sharpen thinking and accelerate creativity,

能使他們思考更快，創造力更高，

思考失色了，創造力受到窒礙，

And what's interesting about this experiment is that it's not an aberration.

你要知道，這個實驗結果並不是偶然的偏差，

字幕列表影片播放

【TED】Dan Pink談叫人意想不到的激勵科學 (The puzzle of motivation | Dan Pink)

approach

bunch

evidence

applause