字幕列表 影片播放 列印英文字幕 Music Music Music When it comes to using chemicals what you dont know can hurt you... badly! After all its not only your livelihood but your life. So you need to know about the potential chemical hazards that can affect you and your coworkers health and safety That's why OSHA developed the hazards communication standard you may have heard it referred to as the right to know act which is a regulation of the EPA This program will help you learn about the hazardous chemicals you may be exposed to on the job. And the steps you and your employer can take for your safety and protection. There are two ways a chemical can be hazardous. It can be a physical hazard if it has the potential to cause a dangerous situtation. Like a fire or explosion and it can be a health hazard if it has the potential to damage your health. Or it can be both. A chemical can damage your health when you inhale it, ingest it, or absorb it through your skin or eyes. Acute health hazards like poisoning and chemical burns due their damage rapidity as the result of short term exposure. Chronic health hazards affect the body slowly through long term exposure. Chronic health problems such as cancer and heart damage have been linked to particular chemicals Almost everyone in a hospital has the possibility of working with hazardous chemicals. Let's start with the nursing unit here certain drugs can be very hazardous. Like the powerful chemotherapy drugs given to fight cancer. Accidental exposure to these drugs can actually cause cancer and other serious health problems. To nurses and pharmacist that mix them. And to the house keeping staff who clean up spills and remove waste. Accidental exposure is even possible in busy ER where treating industrial workers involved in accidents. And don't think chemicals are only liquids in containers. Your hazard communication program covers chemicals in all physical forms. Liquids solids gasses vapors, fumes and mists. If it is a hazard and you could be exposed to it, its covered. Take anesthetic gases exposure may cause headaches, nausea, decreased mental alertness and reduced motor coordination. And may contribute to birth defects, miscarriages, and cancer in operating and recovery room staff. Or ethylene oxidize. A very hazardous gas used to sterilize hospital equipment. If not used properly it can damage the skin, respiratory system and the nervous system. And it may cause sterility, birth defects and cancer. And plain old oxygen used in operating and recovery rooms and contained in pipes through out some hospitals is dangerous because it makes other materials because it makes other materials highly flammable. And what about this cleansing agent? Is it Hazardous? You bet! Products like disinfectants and grease cutters seem harmless enough but they are solvents that means they dissolve other substances. And if you are not careful your skin and eyes can be damaged. As we have already seen some chemicals commonly used in health care today may cause possible reproduction damage these chemicals include ethylene oxide, hydrocarbons anti-cancer drugs, mercury, nitrous oxide, formaldehyde and various ingerdients in cleaning solutions . Also PCB's which may be present in the transformers of some older facilities have been linked with reproductive damage. Knowing the hazards your working with is an important first step in protecting yourself. That's why you should get to know your employers written communication program It's your guide to working safely with chemicals The program lists all the hazardous chemicals present in your facility including those in unlabeled pipes it also contains information on how your employer will provide warning labels. Material safety data sheets and information and training who work with chemicals on a routine bases It also tells you who is responsible for seeing that the program is carried out in your facility. Music By law every chemical that is shipped into you facility must have a warning label attached to it by it's manufacture A warning label is your first line of information it lists a variety of vital information and must include the products chemical name any hazardous ingredients hazard warning and the chemical manufacture name and address The hazard warning must include target organ effects so if when inhaled the chemical causes lung damage then that is the appropriate warning. Lung damage is the hazard not inhalation. If you notice any hazardous chemicals with warning labels that are damage incomplete or missing. Reort it to your supervisor your employer is responsible for seeing that they are replace. And if a chemical is transferred to another container your employer must make sure that the new container is labeled. However there are few exceptions for example if a number of stationary containers in an area with similar hazards your employer can post warning signs instead of labeling each container and since pipes are not considered containers they do not have to be labeled. Another exception when you transfer a container to a portable one the portable container does not have to be labeled if you plan to use the chemical immediately, but be sure you never leave an unmarked chemical unattended. And if you do find an unlabeled container don't assume that the contents are harmless because there is no label in fact some health care facilities require all containers to be labeled even if they contain water. Other labeling information you may find is the the National Fire protection Association symbol and numbering system. This symbol shows the chemicals various hazards The yellow diamond tells you the chemical's reactivity. Blue indicates if it is a serious health hazard. And red shows the chemicals flammability. The higher the number from 0-4 the grater the hazard. Also look in the white diamond for the chemicals specific hazard for example OX means it is an oxidizer Music For more detailed information than the warning label gives you can turn to the chemicals material's MSDS chemical suppliers must provide an MSDS on every hazardous chemical they ship into your workplace. Your employer then makes sure that the MSDS is available for every chemical you work with is available to you. MSDS's may be kept in a binder a file cabinet or on a computer terminal as long as you can gain access to them in your work area during working hours. The MSDS you work with comes in a variety of lengths and formats they all contain the same vital information but it may be organized in various ways. It is always a good practice to be familiar with the MSDS for any chemical you work with before a problem arises. That way you are prepared to react to an emergency. First of all the MSDS gives you the name of the chemcial. The same name that is on the products container. It also lists the name address and phone number of the manufacturer in case you have questions about the chemical. As well as an emergency number. If you have two MSDS's for the same chemical use the one with the most complete information. Also check the date the MSDS was last revised this tells you how up to date the MSDS is the MSDS must identify the substance by it's chemical names and any common name. This is usually done in the first section of the form. For instance formaldehyde which is used in hospital labs to preserve surgical specimines if the chemicals identity is a trade secret the manufacture can with hold this information but the manufacturer must still provide the inforamtion on the chemicals hazards and how to control them. A second section lists hazardous ingredients and how they can harm you. It also gives the concentration of the chemical to which you can be safely exposed. Look for keys terms like permissible exposure limits Threshold limit value The maximum concentration of the substance that most are allowed to be exposed to over an 8 hour shift a thrid section describes physical data that can help you identify the chemical such as its appearance and odor as well as boiling point, melting point, vapor pressure, vapor density, solubility and evaporation rate for example formaldehyde is described as a clear colorless liquid with a pungent odor. While chloroform another lab chemical is described as a clear colorless volatile liquid with a sweet pleasant odor. A fourth section informs you of any server immediate hazards such as when the chemical may ignite or explode look for the flash point or temperature at which the chemical ignites. For flammables this is belwo 100 degress for combustables the flash point is 100 degrees or above here you will find out what to put on the fire to put it out safely Another section lists health hazards caused by the chemical. Including the symptoms of over exposure. Medical conditions that may be aggravated by exposure. For anti-cancer drugs the MSDS's states that acute overexposure can cause eye, skin, and respiratory, irritation. While chronic exposure can cause changes in skin pigmentation. In addition the drug itself can cause cancer and it may aggravate pre-existing medical conditions such as cardiovascular, liver or kidney disease, and bone marrow impairment. This section also gives first aid and emergency procedures. For example wash with soap and water immediately after contact with your skin. A section on reactivity informs you on whether the chemical is stable or unstable, conditions to avoid as well as it's incompatibility with other materials. Another section tells how to clean up accidental spills or leaks and may tell how to dispose of the chemical. For example to clean a spill of ethylene oxide the MSDS says to wear a self contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. In many instances commercially packaged response kits are available to clean up spills of blood and other hazardous substances including some chemcials its always a good idea to notify your supervisor of any chemical spill right away. And make sure you are trained and wearing the appropriate gear before you try to clean it up the section on special protection lists any PPE you will need to work safety with the chemical. Such as a flow hood respirator mask, splash goggles, latex gloves and long sleeve impermeable disposible gown if you work with anti cancer drugs full protective gear as well as an air supply positive respirator are also MSDS recommendation when you must change bottles of ethylene oxide. And even common cleaning products can require you to use PPE For example this chemical cleans and disinfects hospital shower stalls making the environment safe for patients but when you follow the MSDS by wearing gloves and goggles You help keep yourself safe as well. A final section lists additional special precaustions to follow when handling the chemical this may include what you have on had to clean up a spill or extinguish a fire as well as other health and safety information Music Another important source of information on hazardous chemical is your employers trainings program this includes helping you understand you facilities written hazard communication program. And how to read and use the various labels and MSDS's You will also learn about the specific hazards from chemical you are exposed to on the job even if your exposure is accidental To ensure a safe work environment you will be trained before actually working with the chemicals and if the chemical you currently work with is replaced by chemical with similar hazards you will not be retrained. You will learn about the steps your employer has take to protect you. and how you can protect yourself through the use of PPE and safe work practices. You will also learn to detect the presence of hazardous chemicals by their appearance smell or other charateristics. And finally should the unexpected happen. You will be trained in various emergency producers Music Now you understand that you need to know about the chemicals you work with. And that the warning labels MSDS's and written hazard communication program are important vital keys to safety. All this information is your right to know. But it is no good unless you exercise that right. Please be sure to read all warning labels and check out the MSDS's. Then use that information by wearing the necessary protective equipment and by following and by following safety procedures carefully. You need to know! Because when it comes to working with chemicals it's what you know that counts. Music