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  • Do you ever look at someone and wonder what is going on inside their head?

    你是否曾經看著一個人,然後好奇他們腦袋裡到底在想什麼嗎?

  • Weve looked into this question in science and so has Hollywood.

    我們和好萊塢都已經著手研究這個問題。

  • Back in 1943, Disney released a short film called Reason and Emotion, which shows emotions driving our behavior beyond the control offered by reason or logic.

    回溯到 1943 年,迪士尼發表了一部短片叫《理智及情感》,顯示情緒影響我們的行為遠比理智及邏輯影響的多。

  • Skip forward 70 odd years and Disney Pixar's Inside Out gets up close and personal with some of our emotions: Joy, Sadness, Disgust, Fear and Anger.

    跳至七十餘年後,迪士尼皮克斯的動畫電影《腦筋急轉彎》解釋了一些我們擁有的情緒——愉悅、悲傷、厭惡、恐懼及憤怒。

  • The film mainly takes place inside the mind of an 11-year-old girl, Riley, as she struggles with her family moving from the Midwest to San Francisco.

    這部片主要的內容發生在一位名叫萊莉的 11 歲小女孩的腦海中,她正努力適應與家人從中西部搬到舊金山後的變化。

  • So we spend a lot of time with what we often call negative emotionsthink sadness, fear and anger.

    所以我們花了很多時間在我們常說的「負面情緒」中,想著悲傷、恐懼、憤怒。

  • But, are they really negative? Is there such a thing as negative emotions?

    但,它們真的是負面的嗎?真的有「負面情緒」這個東西嗎?

  • In the 1960s, American psychologist Paul Ekman suggested that people have six basic emotionshappiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust and surprise.

    在 1960 年代,美國心理學家 Paul Ekman 曾經提出人有六種基本情緒,分別是快樂、悲傷、憤怒、恐懼、厭惡和驚訝。

  • Ekman's research took him from Japan to Brazil to a remote part of Papua New Guinea where he found that emotional expression stays the same across cultures. It's universal.

    Ekman 的研究讓他從日本到巴西,甚至到巴布紐亞幾內亞的偏遠角落,他找到情緒的表達在各種不同的文化中是相同的,是通用的。

  • He was inspired by Charles Darwin's 1872 book, The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals, where Darwin suggests that our emotional expressions are determined by our evolution.

    他受到查理達爾文 1872 年的研究《人類和動物的情緒表達》所啟發,在該研究中,達爾文提出我們情緒的表達是在我們演化過程被決定的。

  • For example, a fear reaction leads to a response of, say, running away from a predator that in turn, ensures your survival. Hopefully.

    舉例來說,對於恐懼的反應會導致一些行為,例如讓你遠離掠食者等。反過來說,就是確保自己能生存。希望是如此啦!

  • Although some psychologists have argued the way that we experience emotions is more individual.

    雖然有些心理學家爭論我們感受到的情緒是獨立的。

  • And others have suggested that the basic emotions of fear/surprise and anger/disgust should be combined, because they're biologically similar.

    其他心理學家指出一些基本情緒是混合著的,像是恐懼和驚訝,還有憤怒及厭惡,因為在生物學上來說,他們是相似的。

  • Still, Ekman's theories have been really influential over the past 50 years, so much so that Inside Out adopted five of his six basic emotions as pretty adorable characters,

    Ekman 的理論對於過去的五十年來說,仍有巨大的影響力,所以《腦筋急轉彎》採用他基本六個情緒中的五個,讓他們成為惹人喜歡的角色,

  • which was probably helped by the fact he acted as a scientific consultant on the film.

    這或許也是因為他擔任這部電影的科學顧問角色。

  • Though Inside Out shows us the power of what we normally describe as negative emotions.

    雖然《腦筋急轉彎》展現出我們平時口中所說的「負面情緒」的力量。

  • Namely, sadness.

    也就是悲傷。

  • It's often culturally and socially reinforced that there's something wrong or shameful about feeling sad.

    在文化和社會層面,感到悲傷會被認為是不太對勁或是丟臉的事。

  • We tend to have this cultural bias towards valuing positive thinking.

    我們通常會有文化偏見,比較重視正面思考。

  • But studies have shown that those who try and suppress negative thoughts actually experience more of them, which can lead to overeating and stronger stress responses.

    但研究顯示,那些想要壓抑負面想法的人,事實上會產生更多負面想法,這會導致暴飲暴食和對於壓力有比較強烈的反應。

  • Another study found that people who experience happy and sad emotions at the same time,

    另外一個研究顯示,人們如果同時經歷快樂和悲傷的情緒,

  • like "I'm sad or disgusted that there's broccoli on my pizza but happy because it means I can experience new things." show improvements in mental well-being over the next few weeks,

    像是「我覺得很傷心和噁心,因為我的披薩上有花椰菜,但我還是開心,因為那表示我可以嘗試新的東西」,這樣的雙重情緒會使你接下來幾週產生心理的愉悅感,

  • even if the mixed feelings were unpleasant at the time.

    即使當時混雜的情緒讓你感覺不太好。

  • Inside Out shows us that our negative emotions can guide our rational thinking.

    《腦筋急轉彎》讓我們知道負面情緒會主導我們理性的思考,

  • Sadness is a trigger for seeking comfort and bonding.

    悲傷是尋找慰藉和聯結的觸發點。

  • We're often tough on sadness, but it's important to our understanding of who we are.

    我們常常在悲傷的時候堅強,但重要的是,我們要了解自己是誰

  • In his 1621 work "Anatomy of Melancholy", Robert Burton wrote in experiencing melancholy, "Increaseth sorrow... Increaseth wisdom."

    1621 年的《憂鬱的解剖》,在研究憂鬱的過程中, Robert Burton 寫下:

  • Even those emotions that we consider as negative can help guide us to good, rational decisions.

    「增加悲傷.....增加智慧」 那些我們認為負面的情緒也可以引導我們做出好的、理性的決定。

  • So even if you're riding down or inside out the emotional roller coaster, remember that your positive and negative emotions can and do team up.

    所以,即使你正在經歷情緒的高潮起伏,記住我們常常在悲傷的時候堅強。

  • There's always an upside.

    但重要的是,永遠都有好的一面。

  • And if you don't already, make sure you subscribe to BrainCraft! I have a new brainy episode every Thursday.

    如果你還沒訂閱的話,記得訂閱 BrainCraft!每個星期四我都會上傳有關腦部知識的影片!

Do you ever look at someone and wonder what is going on inside their head?

你是否曾經看著一個人,然後好奇他們腦袋裡到底在想什麼嗎?

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