The Kraken, a beast so terrifying

據說它會吞食人、船隻和鯨魚

it was said to devour men and ships and whales,

巨大得足以讓人誤以為是一座島嶼

and so enormous it could be mistaken for an island.

在判斷這種傳說的真偽時

In assessing the merits of such tales,

最好謹記老水手所看見的

it's probably wise to keep in mind that old sailor's saw

童話故事和海洋傳說唯一的區別是

that the only difference between a fairytale and a sea story

童話故事開頭都是 「很久很久以前」

is a fairytale begins, "Once upon a time,"

海洋傳說的開頭則是「這可不是開玩笑的」(笑聲)

and a sea story begins, "This ain't no shit." (Laughter)

每一條逃脫的魚

Every fish that gets away

都會隨著傳說的敘述次數而逐漸變大

grows with every telling of the tale.

儘管如此，大海裡仍有巨物

Nevertheless, there are giants in the ocean,

如今我們有影片證明

and we now have video proof,

在地理探索頻道上看過這紀錄片的你們肯定知道

as those of you that saw the Discovery Channel documentary are no doubt aware.

這個去年夏天在日本開始的探險旅程

I was one of the three scientists on this expedition

有三位科學家參加

that took place last summer off Japan.

我是照片中最矮的那位

I'm the short one.

其他兩位是窪寺恒己博士和史蒂夫歐謝亞博士

The other two are Dr. Tsunemi Kubodera and Dr. Steve O'Shea.

我能參與這項歷史性的事件

I owe my participation in this now-historic event

多虧了TED

to TED.

在2010年，TED舉辦了一場叫做藍色使命的活動

In 2010, there was a TED event called Mission Blue

在停靠加拉巴哥群島的林德布拉德探險號舉行

held aboard the Lindblad Explorer in the Galapagos

作為達成西維亞艾爾TED願望的一部分

as part of the fulfillment of Sylvia Earle's TED wish.

我提出探索大海的一個新方法

I spoke about a new way of exploring the ocean,

其中一個重點在於吸引動物而非嚇跑牠們

one that focuses on attracting animals instead of scaring them away.

麥克德葛魯也受邀

Mike deGruy was also invited,

他激情滿懷地談論他對大海的熱愛

and he spoke with great passion about his love of the ocean,

也跟我談論如何應用我提出的方法

and he also talked to me about applying my approach

到他參與許久了的一個項目

to something he's been involved with for a very long time,

也就是獵尋巨型烏賊

which is the hunt for the giant squid.

是麥克讓我受邀到烏賊研討會

It was Mike that got me invited to the squid summit,

一個地理探索頻道的烏賊專家聚會

a gathering of squid experts at the Discovery Channel

是夏天鯊魚週其中的一個節目 (笑)

that summer during Shark Week. (Laughter)

我發表了一個有關無擾觀察

I gave a talk on unobtrusive viewing

和用光引誘深海烏賊的演講

and optical luring of deep sea squid

其中我強調了利用

in which I emphasized the importance

無聲、無擾的勘探平台的重要性

of using quiet, unobtrusive platforms for exploration.

這個結論來自我幾百次潛水的經驗

This came out of hundreds of dives I have made,

利用這些平台

farting around in the dark

在黑暗中四處觀察

using these platforms,

印象中我從潛水器所看到的動物

and my impression that I saw more animals

比從使用遠程遙控潛水艇

working from the submersible

更多

than I did with either of the remote-operated vehicles.

但也可能是因為潛水器有較廣的視角

But that could just be because the submersible has a wider field of view.

但我也覺得我從堤伯倫看到的動物

But I also felt like I saw more animals

比從維塔娜看到的更多

working with the Tiburon than the Ventana,

這兩台潛水艇的視角一樣

two vehicles with the same field of view

但推進系統不同

but different propulsion systems.

所以我懷疑可能跟他們所產生的噪音大小有關

So my suspicion was that it might have something to do with the amount of noise they make.

因此我在海底安裝了一個水聽器

So I set up a hydrophone on the bottom of the ocean,

然後我讓每個潛水艇以同樣速度和距離經過

and I had each of these fly by at the same speed and distance

並記錄他們產生的聲音

and recorded the sound they made.

約翰生連海潛水艇的聲音 --（呼呼聲噪音）--

The Johnson Sea-Link -- (whirring noise) --

你可能幾乎聽不到

which you can probably just barely hear here,

它使用電動推進器 -- 非常、 非常的安靜

uses electric thrusters -- very, very quiet.

堤伯倫也使用電動推進器

The Tiburon also uses electric powered thrusters.

也是相當安靜，但噪音稍微大一些 (稍大的呼呼聲噪音)

It's also pretty quiet, but a bit noisier. (Louder whirring noise)

但現今能潛到最深的遠程遙控潛水艇大多使用的是水力推進器

But most deep-diving ROVs these days use hydraulics

它們的聲音跟維塔娜潛水艇一樣（大聲嗶嗶噪音）

and they sound like the Ventana. (Loud beeping noise)

我想這樣的話會嚇跑很多動物

I think that's got to be scaring a lot of animals away.

因此針對深海烏賊的獵尋

So for the deep sea squid hunt,

我提議使用光誘

I proposed using an optical lure

安裝在一個相機平台

attached to a camera platform

不用任何推進器、引擎

with no thrusters, no motors,

就單純一個利用電池驅動的相機

just a battery-powered camera,

唯一的紅光光源

and the only illumination coming from red light

是大部分深海動物所看不見的

that's invisible to most deep-sea animals

牠們習慣看到的是藍光

that are adapted to see primarily blue.

我們肉眼所能看見的紅光

That's visible to our eye,

在深海裡等於是紅外線

but it's the equivalent of infrared in the deep sea.

這個我們稱為美杜莎的相機平台

So this camera platform, which we called the Medusa,

可以從船尾直接丟入水中

could just be thrown off the back of the ship,

以2千英呎的繩索連接水面上的浮筒

attached to a float at the surface with over 2,000 feet of line,

它被動地被隨水流漂浮

it would just float around passively carried by the currents,

深海動物唯一可見的光源

and the only light visible to the animals in the deep

將會是光誘的藍光

would be the blue light of the optical lure,

我們稱做「電子水母」的東西

which we called the electronic jellyfish, or e-jelly,

這個設計是模仿

because it was designed to imitate

常見的深海水母 (Atolla) 的

the bioluminescent display

生物發光

of the common deep sea jellyfish Atolla.

Atolla 水母所發出的這種旋轉光

Now, this pinwheel of light that the Atolla produces

被視為一種生物警報光

is known as a bioluminescent burglar alarm

也是一種防禦的形式

and is a form of defense.

電子水母之所以可以當做誘餌

The reason that the electronic jellyfish worked as a lure

並不是因為巨型烏賊以水母為食

is not because giant squid eat jellyfish,

而是因為這類水母只會在被捕食者咀嚼的時候

but it's because this jellyfish only resorts to producing this light

才會發出這種光

when it's being chewed on by a predator

作為他逃生的唯一希望

and its only hope for escape

可能可以吸引更大的補食者

may be to attract the attention of a larger predator

來攻擊水母的攻擊者

that will attack its attacker

提供水母一個逃生的機會

and thereby afford it an opportunity for escape.

是一種救命的吶喊，逃生的最後一搏

It's a scream for help, a last-ditch attempt for escape,

也是深海中常見的防禦形式

and a common form of defense in the deep sea.

這種方式奏效了

The approach worked.

當以前所有的探索活動都沒能成功取得

Whereas all previous expeditions had failed to garner

巨型烏賊的任何一個影像資料

a single video glimpse of the giant,

我們拍到了六個，第一個就讓我們欣喜若狂

we managed six, and the first triggered wild excitement.

伊迪斯威德 (影片中)：我的天。我的天啊! 你在開玩笑嗎? 其他科學家：哇哈哈! 他就在那裡!

Edith Widder (on video): Oh my God. Oh my God! Are you kidding me?Other scientists: Oh ho ho! That's just hanging there.

伊迪斯威德：它好像在戲弄我們，跳一種風扇舞 --

EW: It was like it was teasing us, doing a kind of fan dance --

你現在看得到我， 現在又看不到 --

now you see me, now you don't --

牠們這樣戲弄了我們四次後

and we had four such teasing appearances,

第五次，牠終於靠近，震撼了我們

and then on the fifth, it came in and totally wowed us.

(音樂) 旁白：(日語)

(Music) Narrator: (Speaking in Japanese)

科學家：喔喔 砰! 我的天啊! 哇!

Scientists: Ooh. Bang! Oh my God! Whoa!

(掌聲)

(Applause)

伊迪斯威德：十足震撼

EW: The full monty.

讓我真正震撼的是

What really wowed me about that

是它靠近電子水母的方式

was the way it came in up over the e-jelly

然後攻擊旁邊的龐然大物

and then attacked the enormous thing next to it,

我想他應該誤以為是電子水母的捕食者

which I think it mistook for the predator on the e-jelly.

但更令人難以置信的是

But even more incredible was the footage shot

從提伯倫潛水艇所拍攝的影像

from the Triton submersible.

地理探索紀錄片沒有提到

What was not mentioned in the Discovery documentary

窪寺恒己博士使用的烏賊誘餌

was that the bait squid that Dr. Kubodera used,

是一隻一公尺長的菱鰭烏賊

a one-meter long diamondback squid

利用延繩釣漁夫使用的一種烏賊釣勾

had a light attached to it, a squid jig

將光源接在它身上

of the type that longline fishermen use,

我想就是這個光源

and I think it was this light

把巨型烏賊吸引來的

that brought the giant in.

現在你所看到的

Now, what you're seeing

是紅光源下的強化相機影像

is the intensified camera's view under red light,

這就是窪寺恒己博士在巨型烏賊出現時所看到

and that's all Dr. Kubodera could see when the giant comes in here.

他興奮到

And then he got so excited,

把手電筒打開想看得更清楚

he turned on his flashlight because he wanted to see better,

結果巨型烏賊並沒有逃跑

and the giant didn't run away,

所以他冒險把潛水艇的白光打開

so he risked turning on the white lights on the submersible,

把傳說中的怪物

bringing a creature of legend

從迷濛的歷史變成高清晰影像

from the misty history into high-resolution video.

這實在令人驚奇不已

It was absolutely breathtaking,

要是這動物把牠的觸手完整

and had this animal had its feeding tentacles intact

完全伸展開來的話

and fully extended,

會跟兩層樓的房子一樣高

it would have been as tall as a two-story house.

這樣一個生活在我們大海中的巨物

How could something that big

怎麼會到今天才拍攝到？

live in our ocean and yet remain unfilmed until now?

我們只探索了大海的百分之五左右

We've only explored about five percent of our ocean.

海底還有很多驚奇等著被發現

There are great discoveries yet to be made down there,

像是代表著數百萬年演化過程的奇妙生物

fantastic creatures representing millions of years of evolution

或是為人類帶來意想不到的好處的

and possibly bioactive compounds

生物活性化合物

that could benefit us in ways that we can't even yet imagine.

相較於太空探索花的錢

Yet we have spent only a tiny fraction

海洋探索

of the money on ocean exploration

只花了極少的錢

that we've spent on space exploration.

海洋探索需要一個像NASA這樣的組織

We need a NASA-like organization for ocean exploration,

因為我們需要探索並保護

because we need to be exploring and protecting

地球上的維生系統

our life support systems here on Earth.

我們需要 -- 謝謝 (掌聲)

We need — thank you. (Applause)

探索是推動創新的引擎

Exploration is the engine that drives innovation.

創新則推動經濟的成長

Innovation drives economic growth.

讓我們去探索吧

So let's all go exploring,

但要用不嚇跑動物的方式

but let's do it in a way that doesn't scare the animals away,

或者 如同 麥克麥克德葛魯說的

or, as Mike deGruy once said,

「若你想要擺脫一切

"If you want to get away from it all

去看見你從未看過的

and see something you've never seen,

或是有絕佳的機會看到世人未曾看見的

or have an excellent chance of seeing something that no one's ever seen,

那就到潛水艇裡吧」

get in a sub."

他本該和我們一起進行這場冒險

He should have been with us for this adventure.

我們懷念他

We miss him.

(掌聲)

(Applause)