Gareth Davies Flute

Gareth Davies 長笛

>>GARETH: Hi my name is Gareth Davies and I'm principal flute with the London Symphony Orchestra.

>>GARETH：大家好，我是 Gareth Davies， 目前擔任倫敦交響樂團的長笛首席。

I'm going to run through a few orchestral excerpts that you will hopefully be playing

我接下來會演奏一些大家在 「YouTube 交響樂團」甄選活動

in your audition for the You Tube symphony orchestra.

可能演奏的交響樂節選段落。

Now let's start with Beethoven's Leonora Overture number three.

讓我們先從貝多芬的經典作品 《萊奧諾拉序曲第三號》開始

It's one of the most widely played excerpts at orchestral auditions

這是樂團甄選最常採用的 節選段落之一

and there's a few little things that people always slip up on.

人們常常忽略當中的 一些小細節

Mainly the timing.

尤其是時間的掌控

Now I would advise you first of all to go and listen to a few recordings of this piece

首先，我建議大家多方聆聽 這個作品的幾個不同版本

because there are many, many different tempos you can play it at

你會發現這個作品可以採用眾多 不同節奏演繹

but pick one that you're comfortable with

請挑選最適合你的節奏

and stick to it.

從一而終

So if you go from the opening

如果你選擇從起始處開始演奏

it's normally done in six. It's quite slow so make sure you take a big breath.

這裡通常會持續六拍且速度相當慢 請務必吸足一大口氣

Now don't worry too much it says fortissimo at the beginning

雖然起始處標有強音記號， 但你不必太擔心

but the whole orchestra is playing so don't blow all your lungs out right at the beginning

畢竟整個樂團都會投入演奏， 可別在一開始就過度使用肺活量

and then run out of breath halfway through.

導致中氣不足，無法完成演奏

So it's really important to remember your sense of pitch as well.

所以，你也必須保持住你的音感

It's very easy to start that note its fortissimo with a diminuendo to a piano

以強勁力度開始演奏該音符， 並在第一小節結束時

at the end of the first bar.

以漸弱力度搭配鋼琴演奏， 是很簡單的作法。

Make sure you keep the pitch up. Don't let it drop

請你確定自始至終皆維持以高音階演奏。 切勿讓音階下降。

because unfortunately the violins won't drop with you.

否則，當小提琴的演奏維持在高音階， 不和諧的合奏問題就會突顯出來。

Now the next section where we move onto bar 17

接著，我將演奏第 17 小節

again remember the tempo 'cause we've got different

再次提醒，請記得緊跟節奏 因為這小節內含不同的

changes in rhythm here. So it moves from crochets

節奏變化。先從四分音符開始

and then we've got triplets.

然後會進入三連音樂段。

But just remember when you're playing the triplets there's an answering phrase of the triplets

但請謹記在心，你在演奏三連音樂段時， 其中有三連音樂段的配對段

as well in between so don't rush through it.

而且接下來的演奏也有配對段， 所以請勿匆忙帶過。

Remember you've got to play the rest as well.

請記住，你也必需演奏休止符。

It's really important in that triplet bit

演奏三連音樂段時，保持一致的節奏

that you keep a steady tempo.

是很要緊的事。

I've heard so many people come and play at auditions for the London Symphony Orchestra

我聆聽過很多參賽者參加倫敦交響樂團的試奏

and they suddenly change to a completely different tempo

他們會演奏到中途，突如其來地變換為 截然不同的節奏

and it's one of those things that shows that

會出現這種狀況，多半是因為

perhaps haven't played in an orchestra before or you're not aware of what's going on around you.

他們以前完全沒有參與交響樂團演奏的經驗， 或是還沒融入周圍樂器的合奏氛圍。

So always make sure you know

所以，除了長笛之外，請始終確定你能掌握

what else is happening in the music. It's not just all about flute solos.

音樂中其他樂器的演奏狀況。 長笛獨奏並不是整體樂團演奏的唯一要角。

Now when it moves onto the allegro section

現在我們要談談快板小節

there is a very famous solo with a bassoon.

快板中有一段眾所週知、 與大管搭配合奏的獨奏。

Now again don't try and play this too quickly because you'll probably come a cropper at the end.

再次提醒你，演奏速度不可過快， 否則最後可能以失敗收場。

And again make sure the relationship between the different sections of the music is the same.

而且一定要確保演奏音樂時， 維持不同小節間一致的關係。

We've got triplets, crotchet triplets at the end,

曲目結尾處有三連音樂段， 以及四分音符三連音樂段，

but before that we've got quavers.

但在此之前，得先演奏八分音符。

Make sure that you keep a steady tempo.

請務必維持一致的節奏。

Practice it with a metronome It's a kind of obvious thing to say

用節拍器練習，說起來是顯而易懂的一件事

but you know it's amazing how many people don't do it.

卻有很多人不這麼做，這著實令人訝異。

Now let's have a look at Brahms 4.

現在讓我們看看《布拉姆斯第四號交響曲》。

There's a very famous solo in the last movement.

最後的樂章中，有一段非常著名的獨奏。

It's one of those moments where seemingly the whole movement just stops all of a sudden

這樣的時刻有時會發生， 當下整個樂章的演奏似乎瞬間嘎然而止

and the flute is left alone with a very, very small accompaniment of strings.

唯獨長笛在非常微弱的弦樂器的伴奏下， 持續演奏。

Now when you look at the music it doesn't look like a particularly fantastic solo

乍看之下，音樂本身並不是什麼特別的獨奏

but it's one of those moments where if you get it right it can be a real show stopper.

但如果你抓到精髓且表演的恰如其份， 反而會為你帶來滿堂喝彩。

Now the most important thing to do is to look at where the phrases go.

此刻最要緊的一件事， 是找到如何演繹樂句的方法。

Brahms marks lots of small phrases and he marks lots of

布拉姆斯除了標示很多小樂句，

crescendos and diminuendos as well.

也標示了很多漸強或漸弱音符。

There are also many, many quaver rests all the way through.

也有許許多多的八分音符休止符， 貫穿整體作品。

Now don't get caught up with the rests.

注意不要受限於休止符。

If you always play the rests then the whole piece stops.

如果你總是演奏休止符， 那麼整體樂曲就會呈現停滯狀態。

It's important. It's one of those things we all do as flute players sometimes you see

這是很重要的概念長笛演奏家有時遇到休止符

a rest and think oh I'd better take a breath.

會認為自己最好在這時換氣。

You don't actually need a breath every time there's a rest.

實際上遇到休止符時， 不一定每次都需要換氣。

In fact if you take a breath every time you'll probably explode about bar 16.

其實如果你每次都換氣， 到了 16 小節時可能就喘不過氣了。

So just make sure that you actually play through as one phrase.

所以，請確實以整體樂句 的方式演奏。

After the initial run down you get this phrase.

在一開始的音樂聲漸漸微弱之後， 你就得演奏這個樂句。

And then there's a rest and it continues.

然候有一個休止符，接著再繼續。

Another rest.

另一個休止符。

Now on those rests

在那些休止符的節拍上

there are string chords they're very, very quiet.

伴隨著極度微弱的弦樂和音。

But you can see if you play it like that and you play all the rests it can be very choppy and it doesn't work.

不過你可以比較兩種演奏方式， 如果在每個休止符處停頓，會顯得非常不連貫。

Imagine it's a really really long phrase so take a long breath.

請把這個樂句想像成是一個超長段落， 然後吸一大口氣。

Don't take a breath at every single rest

切勿在每個休止符處換氣

and try and play it all the way through to the end.

並嘗試一口氣從開始演奏到結束。

Now the other thing to remember is not to overdo the crescendos and de crescendos.

其他要注意的部分是， 不要過度處理漸強或漸弱音。

I always think of them more as expression

我總是把它們視為音符的表情

so perhaps vary your vibrato.

所以也許你可變化顫音的效果

Just don't do lots of bulgy bits because it just sounds ridiculous.

只是演奏時不要過度處理某些音符， 否則聽起來會很可笑。

And just remember to keep that last bit. Brahms has written a crescendo in for the last two bars

還有要記得把最後一個音完整演奏出來。布拉姆斯 針對最後兩小節譜寫了漸強音

so when it goes down into low register, don't let the sound disappear. Keep supporting it from down here

所以，當音樂的音階往下降到低音域時， 切勿讓長笛聲音消失。請不要讓長笛聲音音量變小

and keep on blowing but just enjoy the fact that

繼續吹奏，而且別忘了

it's one of those fantastic solos where you can really, really sing out over the orchestra.

這是無與倫比的獨奏，你可以讓你的 長笛獨奏音量凌駕整個交響樂團的演奏。

Piccolo

短笛

Now some of you may want to audition on the piccolo.

可能有部分人想要參加短笛的試奏。

I am not a piccolo expert but I can give you a few tips.

我雖然不是短笛專家， 但我可以透露一些秘訣。

The important thing to remember when playing the piccolo is to still blow.

演奏短笛的重點還是在於如何吹奏這件事。

A lot of people stop blowing and the sound just disappears.

有太多人會中途停止吹奏， 然後短笛的聲音就消失了。

Now there are several pieces that you can have a go at. There's Tchaik 4 which I will not be

有一些樂曲你可以大膽嘗試。至於柴可夫斯基《第四號交響曲》

playing for you today.

我今天不會為大家演奏。

You can also have a look at the overture to Semiramide.

你可另外考慮賽米拉米德 (Semiramide) 的前 奏曲。

This is quite difficult because it's got lots of repeated notes.

由於這件作品有大量重複的音符， 所以演奏起來有相當的難度。

But again just like the flute excerpts approach them in the same way.

容我再次提醒你， 短笛與長笛節錄的演奏方式相似。

Just make sure that you keep a steady tempo.

請務必維持一致的節拍。

So I hope you found some of those tips useful.

希望前面提到的秘訣對你有幫助。

Now I'm looking forward to seeing some of your videos

我迫不及待想要欣賞各位演奏的影片。

and don't forget if you have any questions that you want to ask about any of these pieces

還有別忘記， 如果你有任何這些樂曲上的問題

or about flute playing in general,

或是有關演奏長笛的一般性問題，

I will be able to answer some of those questions on the internet.

我將在網路上，盡量回答你們提出的問題。

I look forward to it and good luck.

我很期待，也祝大家好運。

London Symphony Orchestra

倫敦交響樂團