Name: 雷曼兄弟倒下5年後，大銀行規模更大了 (Five Years After Lehman Brothers Fall, Big Banks Even Larger)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T05:34:19.000Z
Duration: 5 min 44 s
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JESSICA DESVARIEUX: Welcome to The Real News Network. I'm Jessica Desvarieux in Baltimore.

And welcome to another edition of The Bill Black Report.

Now joining us is Bill Black. Bill is an associate professor of economics and law at the University

of Missouri-Kansas City, and he's also a regular contributor to The Real News. Thanks for joining

DESVARIEUX: So, Bill, it's been five years since the collapse of Lehman Brothers, and

it's on record that these too-big-to-fail banks are much larger now. The six largest

banks have $9.6 trillion in assets, which comes to 58 percent of GDP. That's a pretty

Can you talk a little bit about these too-big-to-fail banks and how much bigger they are now? And

why are the banks larger now? And wasn't Dodd-Frank supposed to resolve all of this?

BLACK: Okay. So these are the systemically dangerous institutions that the administration

insists on calling systemically important. But they are dangerous. The administration

tells us that when the next one fails, it's likely to cause a global financial crisis.

So the obvious answer was to get rid of them, and the administration has completely refused,

as did the Bush administration, as do the other governments in the world, to get rid

Why are they bigger? They're bigger because when the other banks failed, they were--other

large banks failed, they were typically acquired by the largest banks. That's one reason.

Second is that banks this large have an implicit federal subsidy in the U.S. context, or national

subsidy in other contexts, that allows them to outcompete their competitors because of

the unfair advantage of that guarantee. So a group of very conservative economists, their

metaphor for this is that it's like bringing a gun to a knife fight, and they say that

there's nothing free about free markets--and, again, these are folks that worship free markets--because

there are no free markets when you have this implicit federal subsidy.

So it's critical to fix it, they've refused to fix it, Dodd-Frank doesn't even begin to

address fixing it is the answer on that part of the problem.

Second part of the problem is modern executive compensation. And modern executive compensation

is bigger and badder than before we went into the crisis, and it is typically even more

short-term weighted (which is a very bad thing) than before the crisis, and it's much larger.

And this is why you've seen that virtually all of the income gains since the crisis in

the United States have gone to the top 1 percent of the population, and the top 1 percent is

actually heavily driven by the top 0.001 percent, which got the overwhelming amount of those

gains, and they are overwhelmingly folks in big finance and CEOs of major corporation.

And the third thing that was driving our crises they also haven't fixed, and that's the three

de's--deregulation, desupervision, and de facto decriminalization. To take it in reverse

order, there was still, five years after Lehman, not a single prosecution of an elite banker

that drove the crisis. In terms of desupervision, we still appoint our supervisory heads primarily

on the basis of people who refuse to engage in any crackdown, and indeed they went so

far as to adopt officially the too-big-to-jail principle, which is, of course, the death

of any accountability. And on deregulation, well, you might say, hey, there's certainly

been a change there. You do have Dodd-Frank, and it does call for the creation of over

1,000 regulations. And that's true, but very few of those regulations are addressed to

the things that actually caused the crisis.

To the extent there are a few regulations that address what actually caused the crisis,

only one of them has actually been fully implemented. That deals with liars' loans. And that's a

good thing. Liars' loans were endemically fraudulent. But it doesn't fix the problem

that there are many assets you can use to run the scam. And this is only one of the

So a little mixed story on regulation, but on the other parts of the de's, the desupervision

and the de facto decriminalization, it's actually gotten far worse than, for example, our response

DESVARIEUX: We'll continue this conversation in our extended version of this interview.

So we invite our viewers to click on the link to the extended interview.

But, Bill, thanks so much for joining us. We'll continue this conversation.

And thank you for joining us on The Real News Network.