Hi. James, from EngVid. I'm looking at some serious automobiles.

嗨！我是Engvid的James。我正在看這些很厲害的汽車。

They are so cool, and they go so fast it's incredible, you know? $50,000 -- I thought so. It's more

這些車超酷的，它們跑超快超屌的。五萬塊美金？也是啦！

money than that. Anyway. Today, we're going to do a lesson on "because" and "so".

總而言之，我們今天要上的是「因為、所以」的課程。

The reason why is because a lot of students get confused with -- and I love the word "confused",

我們要上這堂課的是因為學生們常常會搞混，我滿愛「搞混」這個字的。

so let's change that to a lot of students don't understand the difference between when to use "so" or "because", so they generally

因為大家不懂什麼時候該用 so 什麼時候該用 because，

....I'm using "so" again -- use "because". It's easier.

所以通常他們會，你看我用了 so 這個字，他們通常會使用 because，因為使用 because 比較簡單。

But today, we're going to learn the difference so you can start using it in your language like a native speaker, okay?

不過今天我們會學習到這兩個字的不同，讓你可以開始跟英文母語人士一樣流利地使用英文。

Let's go to the board.

我們開始吧！

"He said I'm fat, so I hit him. Blam!" "I hit him because he said I was fat. Blam!"

「他說我很胖，所以我打他。啪！」「我打他是因為他說我很胖，啪！」

What's the difference? "Mr. E punched me twice." Right? It hurt. It's still hurting. All right?

這兩句有什麼不同？E先生打我兩下了，對吧！還很痛耶！

Do you know the difference between "so" and "because"? I can speak English. Because you're reading the sentence,

你知道這 so 跟 because 的不同嗎？我會講英文，因為你正在讀這個句子。

it seems to be the same thing. I said "fat"; I got hit. Right? Right.

這兩句看起來很像，兩句都是我說胖，我就會被打。

But how do we know the difference, and what is the difference? Let's go to the board and look at the grammar to start with.

不過我們要如何知道以及辨別不同呢？我們來看看白板然後

And then afterwards, we'll show examples of how it's different.

先來了解文法，然後我們再解釋有什麼不同。

All right? So you can start using it right away.

讓你可以馬上就學會如何使用。

First of all, I'm going to start with "because". It's easy. You'll notice a little here -- well,

首先，我們從 because 開始。這個字比較簡單，可以從這邊還有那邊看到。

a little here and a lot there. "Because." It's a reason. It's why. So when you use "because",somebody usually says to you why.

Because 是在講一個原因，講的是為什麼。所以當你使用 because 的時候，

And then, you say "because". "I am late." "Why?" "Because the train was late."

通常是在問「為什麼」，你就會回答「因為。」「我遲到了」「為什麼？」

"I am happy." "Why?" "Because I won a million dollars. I am happy＂you got it.

「因為火車延誤了。」「我很快樂。」「為什麼？」「因為我贏得一百萬元，很開心。」

Right? It's a conjunction. So what it does is it takes two statements and puts them together.

這樣懂嗎？這個字是連接詞，是用來連接兩個句子的。

"I did it because it was the right thing." It brings two statements together. Conjunction.

是用來連接兩個句子的。「我這麼做是因為這是對的事。」它把兩個句子

"Con" means "with" and "junction", like joint, joined with each other.

連接再一起。連接詞，con是指在一起， junction 是指連接，把東西連在一起。

Right? So it's a basic conjunction.

這個是最基本的連接詞。

Now, what we want to look at is "so". Here's where the difficulty comes in because "so" is a conjunction as well.

再來，我們來看 so。麻煩的就是 so，因為這個字

You'll notice Mr. E is holding an arrow -- I'm sorry, a box.

也是個連接詞。你們有發現 E先生有著一個箭頭，不好意思，是一個盒子。

And it's saying -- look. They're both the same. They're both conjunctions. They both join statements together.

意思是說，兩個一樣都是連接詞。

"It was hot, so I bought an ice cream." Right?

他們都是用來連接句子的。「天氣很熱，所以我買了冰淇淋。」

"What? You bought an ice cream?" "Yeah. I bought an ice cream. It was hot, so I bought an ice cream." Cool?

「什麼？你買了冰淇淋？」「對阿！我買了冰淇淋，天氣很熱，所以我買

So when you're doing that, you're joining it together just like the conjunction for "because". Cool?

冰淇淋。」所以當你在用 so 的時候，是在連接兩個句子就像because這個連接詞一樣，對吧！

And that's what caused the problem: They're both conjunctions. But "so" answers a different question.

不過這也是問題所在，兩個都是連接詞，不過so是用來回答另一個不同的

When you say the reason or you answer "why" for "because" -- "I am fat because I eat too much food."

問題。當你表達原因或是回答為什麼的時候，像是「我很胖因為我

This is the reason. "So" is more of a result. What happened. Okay.

我吃太多食物了。」這個是原因。so 比較像是一種結論、結果、發生了什麼事。

"It was raining very, very, very, very hard, so I got wet." "What happened?" "Well, it was raining really hard."

「雨下的很大很大，所以我淋濕了。」「發生什麼事？」「嗯...就

"What happened?" "I got wet." "Oh." You could say this is the reason,

雨下很大。」「發生什麼事？」「我淋濕了。」「噢！」你可以說這是

and that's why they're conjunctions. But then, "so" goes on to telling you what happened,

事情的原因，也是為什麼它們是連接詞。然後接下來so就告訴你

the next thing that happened, the next step. It doesn't always give you the reason for it. Right?

發生什麼事，然後再接下來的每一步。但不一定會告訴你

"He ate dinner at seven o'clock, so I had dinner at 7:30 because I was hungry, too."

原因。「他晚上七點吃晚餐，所以我七點半吃晚餐因為我

Notice I said "because". That was the reason. But I said this happened,

也很餓。」有沒有發現我用 because (因為)，這就是原因。不過我說發生這個

this happened, and the reason was because I was hungry, too.

發生這個，然後原因是因為我也很餓。我已經把它們

I've taken them and joined them together to show you a little bit of a difference. This is like action to action.

放在一起讓你們瞭解些許的不同。這個比較像是動作加上動作。

And this is why the action happened. All right?

然後這個是為什麼這個動作會發生，懂嗎？

There's another difference with "so" that I like. That should help you with them. "So" is also an adverb.

還有另一個我喜歡so的差別。這會幫助了解如何使用。so

We use it to show the extent or the range -- how far it is. I'll give you an example.

同時也是個副詞。我們使用副詞來表示程度以及範圍。我會給大家

You know me. "James talks very fast." You can also say, "James talks so fast,

範例的，你們懂我的。「James講話非常快。」你也可以這樣說：「James講話很快，

half the time, I can't understand him." And you'll go, "What?" "Yeah. He talks so fast."

大部分的時間我都不知道他在講什麼。」再來你就會說「什麼？」「對阿！他講超快的。」

And that tells me the range. What we have here is verb plus "so". And that's how we show the adverb, how it works together.

如此一來便告訴我程度了。這邊是動詞加上so，也就是如何

Okay? Right. Or, "She looks so good tonight." "She looks so good" is a big range.

使用副詞，它們是如何修飾的。或是「她今晚看起來很美。」「她

She looks really good. Smashing. Right?

看起來很美」是一種程度的範圍。她看起真的很漂亮，美翻了，對吧！

We can also use it to tell truth. What? Yeah. I thought so. You didn't know that, right?

我們也可以用so來表示事實。什麼？是的，你們不知道吧！

Well, I think so. In saying, "I thought so", I believe this is a true statement. This is true.

我也是這麼想啦～當我們說：「應該吧」，我覺得這是在陳述一個事實。這是

Or I think so, "I believe it is true." "Because" doesn't have any of that. "Because" is limited to a conjunction function only.

真的，我是這麼想的啦！「我相信這是真的。」because 就沒有這個困擾了。because

All right? So I hope you get this. Okay? So we've got the difference.

就只是連接詞。希望你們有懂，好嗎？所以這樣

There is one thing for "because", right? It's a conjunction,

我們懂了兩個字的不同。because就只有連接詞的功能 ，

and that's an answer to "why", the reason why. And for "so", we have two things.

而且是原因「為什麼」的答案。至於so，則有兩個功能。

The first thing we have to look at is it answers the question of result, what happened? Right?

第一個是問題的結果、結論、發生什麼事。

This, so this happened. Right? "People aren't buying, so we dropped our prices." So what happened?

這樣這樣，所以才發生了。「人們都不買產品，所以我們就降價。」發生什麼事？

Prices were dropped. Okay? But it can also be an adverb. ,

價格調降了，對吧！不過so同時也是個副詞，用來修飾動詞，所以

Modify the verb, so verb plus "so" saying how fast, how slow, how high, how low. Or we can use it in a statement

動詞加上so講的是多快，多慢，多高，多低。或是我們可以用在一個陳述事實句

or a phrase -- "I thought so", "I think so" -- to talk about truth. You like that? Good.

或是片語。「應該吧！」表示一個事實。懂了嗎？很好。

Give me a second. We're going to put it together.

等我一下，我們來統整一下。

Snap, and I'm back. All right. So board change, meaning, new lesson. What we are going to do now

馬上回來啦！白板內容變了，表示新的一課了。我們現在要做的是

we've already discussed what the differences are, and we talked about the grammar.

我們已經討論兩者間的差別了，而且也教完文法重點了。

Let's use it as examples. All right? So "Canadians are -- something -- polite. We don't talk to each other."

我們來看看一些例句吧！所以「加拿大人＿＿＿有禮貌，我們不太跟彼此說話。」

Well, what would that be? Right. We're going to look at two things.

這題應該是什麼？我們兩個都來看看。

Is it "because"? "Canadians are because" -- no. We're going to say "so polite".

會是because嗎？「 加拿大人因為...」不對吧！我們要放so，如此的有禮貌。記得，

And remember, there are a couple of things we learned about "so". "So" is a conjunction.

關於so我們有學了幾個用法。so可以是連接詞，在這個例句中，

In this case, is it acting like a conjunction? No. We're using it as an extent. We're talking about the range, right?

它是扮演連接詞嗎？不對！我們是用來表達一個程度，我們講的是一個程度

Extent. Like "so hot", "so cold". They're so polite, right, that they don't talk to each other.

範圍。程度，像是「很熱」或是「很冷」。他們很有禮貌，所以他們

And it's true. You will see two Canadians walk by, smile,

不太會跟彼此說話。這是真的！你會看到兩個加拿大人經過彼此，只有微笑，

and say nothing because they don't want to interrupt each other's personal space. It's quite cute.

卻不會寒暄因為他們不想要打擾彼此的個人空間。真是可愛。

All right. Next. How about this one? "Are you sick?" "Yes". "I thought because --" well, it doesn't seem like we're offering up a reason, does it?

好的，接下來這題呢？「你生病了嗎？」「是的」「我想是因為...」這看起來

No. So you'd probably say, "I thought so."

我們不太像是在講一個原因，對吧！錯！所以你或許會講「應該是吧！」

Do you remember we said "so" introduces truth? "I thought so", "I think so". All right.

你們還記得我們曾說過so可以陳述一個事實嗎？「應該是吧！」

So we're talking about truth. "I thought you were sick. I believed it was true."

所以我們是在講一個事實，「我想你應該是生病了，我相信這是真的。」

Truth. Okay? That's the other reason we use "so".

事實，可以嗎？這就是為什麼我會用so。

Now, let's go to the other part of the board here, okay? "I helped him pay for it -- something

現在，我們來看看白板的另一邊。「我幫他付錢＿＿＿

-- he was a nice guy." It seems like I've got two statements here, right? "He's a nice guy" is a statement

他人很好。」看起來好像是兩個句子對吧！「他人很好」

and "I helped him pay for it" -- okay. So is it, "I helped him pay for it, so he's a nice guy"?

是陳述句，然後「我幫他付錢」好的！所以會是「我幫他付錢

That doesn't seem to make sense. "So he's a nice guy."

所以他人很好？」完全說不通啊！「所以他人很好」

How do I know he's a nice guy? It doesn't really answer the question "what happened?"

我怎麼會知道他人很好？這完全沒有回答到「發生什麼事」的問題。

What it really answers is the question "why?" Right? So we'd probably put down this, "because".

只有回答到「為什麼？」對吧！所以可想而知答案是because(因為)

So, "I helped him pay for it because he's a nice guy." And that is a reason why I did something.

所以是「我幫他付錢因為他人很好。」這就是我做某件事的原因。

And that's what we said. "Because" is a conjunction that brings two statements together,

because也是連接詞把兩句話串聯在一起，

and in this case, gives us the reason. Right?

在這個例句中，扮演著提供原因的角色。

And how about the last one? "I broke it because I had to pay for it." Now I sound kind of crazy.

最後一題呢？「我把它弄壞了因為我要付錢。」這聽起來有點

"I broke it because I had to pay for it." It probably didn't happen that way. That doesn't seem logical.

誇張。「我把它弄壞了因為我要付錢。」這聽起來不太可能，

I think what happened was this: I broke it, and then somebody said,

聽起來也不合邏輯。我想應該是這樣：我弄壞了，然後有人說

"So what happened?" And I go, "I had to pay for it." Okay? So we're going to use "so".

「發生什麼事了？」我回答「我必須要賠償」對吧？所以這樣我們應該用so

And "so" is what? Remember we said reason? And we say result. The result of my action,

so在這裡是什麼作用呢？還記得我們提到原因還有結果嗎？一個動作所造成的結果

breaking it, caused me to have to pay for it. Remember, we said "because" is for "why",

弄壞了，造成了我必須要賠錢。請記得，我們說because是用來表示「為什麼」

and when we say result and we use "so", it's "what happened?" Right? Cool.

然後so是用來表示結果、發生什麼事的。懂了嗎？太好了

Hope you liked the lesson because it's a pretty good one, so I know you're going to learn for it.

希望你們會喜歡這堂課因為這堂課滿不錯的，所以我想你們應該有學到一些東西。

And you've learned one, two different -- three, four different things.

而且也學到了一兩種，甚至三四種不同的新事物。特別是

Especially, I'm sure you learned the difference between result and reason, "so", and "because" because it was a good lesson.

我相信你已經了解結果和原因的不同了。so還有because，因為這

And you know, now I've got to go. So E, you, I -- let's go. Conjunction, right?

是一個非常重要的文法。現在瞭解了，我們就上到這裡吧！E先生、你、我先走囉。這是連接詞

Don't forget: conjunction, reason, and result, and you'll be fine. Anyway. Have a great one.

對吧？別忘了，連接詞、原因、結果，這樣你就會了。不管怎樣，

But before I go, I need you to go to www.engvid.com, "eng" as in "English",

希望有學起來，不過在下課之前，大家請上engvid的網站，eng代表英文

"vid" as in "video" so you can learn more English with our other instructors because it's a pretty good site

vid代表影片，然後就可以學到更多英文相關用法因為

and I know you'll enjoy it. Have a good one. E, let's go,

這是一個很棒的網站，我相信大家會喜歡的。走吧！E先生。

so you don't get into any more trouble.

趕快走你才不會再闖禍。