of the person they’re dealing with, whether that’s their doctor or their political leader. 

And yet it’s more complex than that.  Often we don’t want to know the truth.

Do

you want to find out that your spouse is cheating on you?  Do you want to find out the person

that you recommended for a job in your company is embezzling?  Do you want to find out that

your kids are using heroin?  These of course are all things that you want to know but you

certainly don’t want to know.

So it’s very complex as to whether or not we really

want to catch a liar.  We think we do.  What if we find out that both of our presidential

candidates are lying?  Then what do we do?  I’m not saying they are; I never comment

on anyone in office or running for office.  Only after they’re out that they’re fair

game. . . . Clinton said, “I didn’t have sex with that woman”  and then gave her

name.  "That woman" is putting her at a distance from himself.

Now there are many reasons

why people lie and some are honorable.  I study the lies that society cares about, cares

about catching, generally disapproves of.  The most common reason why people lie is to

avoid punishment for breaking a rule.  Usually some rules are broken accidentally.  You

walk down the hallway too fast and you knock over a $2,000 jar that’s on the stand. 

You didn’t mean to do that.  “Did you knock over that jar?”  Well, you’re not

going to – “Yes, I did. . . .”  “No, I don’t know who knocked over that jar. 

It wasn’t knocked over when I walked by.”  You don’t want to get punished.  But there

are many times where we make the decision – I’m going to break a rule, I’m going

to cheat, and I’m going to lie about it.  I’m not going to admit that I cheated; I

don’t want to get caught.  So the decision to lie is made at the same time as the decision

to cheat.

When we teach people, and we do in workshops teach people how to catch

liars, it takes us 32 hours. . . . Spotting a micro expression is the single most useful

thing.  This is an expression that lasts about a 25th of a second.  We’ve tested

over 15,000 people in all walks of life and over 99 percent of them don’t see them,

and yet with an hour’s training on the Internet they can learn to see them.  

However,

that may only tell you that the person’s concealing an emotion.  That’s a lie -- they’re

not telling you how they really feel.  But it may not tell you that they’re the perpetrator

of a crime.  It’s a terrible example, but I have to use it – my wife is found dead. 

I will be the first suspect because, regrettably, the person most likely to kill their wife

is the husband. . . . “But I love my wife! I didn’t kill her.  The police are wasting

their time and they’re insulting me!  Time is going by and they’re not looking for

the real person.”  I could be furious at them and concealing my anger.  And so if

you spot my concealed anger, it doesn’t mean I killed my wife.  It only means that

I’m concealing my anger.  Now if a lie is about how do you really feel, Paul, and

you spot a micro expression, then you’ve got it.

Second, realize that only the

gestures of your cultural group are you going to recognize.  That’s body specific language,

but you already know them.  You can’t – if I asked you how many gestures are used in

America today, you’d give me about 12, but there are actually 80.  And if I showed you

every one of those 80, you’d know what they mean.

Now the one that amazingly enough

has had an enormous payoff is one of the most common ones we use, which is the headshake,

yes and no.  I just did this.  This is actually “yes” and this is “no.”  But it occurs

in a micro fashion.  So I worked on the case of an embezzler who had embezzled over $100

million.  He was really big time until Bernie Madoff came along.  This embezzler had accused

people in a number of banks of being in on the deal, which meant those banks would be

vulnerable to having to pay for the embezzlement.  And when one of the people who he falsely

accused, he is asked, “Did she help you steal the money?”  He said, “Yes.  Absolutely,

she did.”  Doing a slight headshake, no.  Even tinier than mine.

So there’s a

gesture one.  There’s a face one.