There are mistakes that native speakers make that ESL people pick up -- and "ESL" is "English as a Second Language."

ESL 的人從母語者那學了很多的錯誤觀念，ESL 指的是「以英語為第二語言。」

People learning English, they pick up because native speakers don't even know they're making this mistake.

學習英文的人會學到這些錯誤是因為連母語者本身都不知道自己在犯這些錯誤

So I want to teach you six common ones that come regularly or happen regularly in conversation.

所以我想要讓你們知道六個在對話中常出現、常發生的錯誤

And I want you to learn them and make your English perfect. Let's go to the board.

同時想要你們學會，讓你們的英文變得完美。 我們來看白板

Now, let's start with No. 1, one of my favorite ones: "amount" and "number".

現在，我們從 1 號開始，這是我最喜歡的一項：「amount」 和 「number」

"Amount" is, sort of, like, "how much". A "number" is, you know, "thing."

「amount」有點像「how much」。「number」就是「thing (東西)」

When we look at "amount", you can think of you can't count it, all right?

當我們看到「amount」，你就可以把它視為不可數的，了解嗎？

A lot of times, when we say "amount" -- like, "I have a large amount of water in my house"

很多時候，當我們說「amount」，像是「我家裡有很多水。」

-- you can't count water. But you can count a number, so: "The number of people who come to the city is in the thousands",

水是無法數的。但「number」是可以數的，所以可以說「來到城市的人數有上千人。」

so you can count them. Here's an example. Tell me if this is right or wrong.

人是可數的。聽聽這個例子。告訴我是對還錯

"The amount of students who are late is growing every day" or "the number of students who are late is growing every day."

「The amount of students who are late is growing every day」還是「the number of students who are late is growing every day」

You should say "number" because you can count students. You can't count amount.

你應該用「number」，因為學生是可數的。「Amount」是不可數的

That rhymes. Maybe that'll help, right? You can't count amount. You can't count amount.

押韻耶 (count 和 amount)。也許可以幫助你記憶，對吧？ 你不能 count amount。你不能 count amount

So when we want to talk about a number of something or a body of something,

所以當我們想講「a number of something」或是「a body of something (此處 body = amount) 」

"amount" is for things you cannot count, and "number" is for things you can count.

「amount」用在不可數的事物，「number」用在可數的事物

English people make this mistake a lot. Next: "among" and "between".

英語人士時常犯這個錯誤。下一個：「among」和「between」

When I used to teach "among" and "between", I would say, "'Among' is 'with'. So there's five chairs, and you're 'with' another.

我以前教這兩個字時，我都說，「among」就是「with」。所以，有五張椅子，你在其中一個

And 'between' is you're in the middle." That's it. Because I was so smart.

「between」就是你在中間。就這樣。因為我那時太聰明了

And then I found out it's just this: two. More than two. That's it. Nothing special.

然後我發現其實只是：兩個 (between)。兩個以上 (among)。就這樣。沒什麼特別的

When you talk about "between", except -- and this is a major exception -- when you're talking about differences.

當你用「between」時，除了，這是一個重要的例外，就是當你在討論差異時

Differences, you have to use "between".

討論差異時，你必須使用「between」

But generally speaking, "among" is more than two. "I was sitting among my friends at the bar."

但一般來說，「among」就是兩個以上。「I was sitting among my friends at the bar」

You can know there's probably four or five, not two. But "let's keep this between you and me"?

你會知道可能有四或五個人，不會只有兩個。但「let's keep this between you and me」這句呢？

A lot of times, Canadians say, "Let's keep this among us." And it's like, "Among who?"

很多時候，加拿人會說，「Let's keep this among us」，我就會說「Among who? (在誰之間？)」

"The rest of those guys, you know. The Americans. They don't need to know this." Okay.

「其餘的那些人呀。美國人。他們沒有必要知道這事。」好吧

So "between us" -- usually two, right? It could be two groups.

所以「between us」─ 通常就是兩個，對嗎？它也可以指兩個群體

"There was a fight between this country and that country." Right? Because it's two groups.

像是「這兩個國家之間爆發了戰爭。」對吧？ 因為是兩群

But "among" is for more than two, cool? All right. So "among" -- more than two; "between" -- two.

但「among」用在兩個以上，對吧？好，所以「among」─ 兩個以上；「between」─ 兩個

What about "bring" and "take"? This is something that a lot of students make a mistake on.

那麼「bring」和「take」呢？ 這是很多學生會犯錯的地方

So you say, "Bring this to me" or "take this to him."

你會說，「Bring this to me (把這帶來給我)」或「Take this to him (把這帶去給他)」

It's very easy. "Bring" is "to the speaker", okay? And "take" is "away from the speaker".

這很簡單。「Bring」是往說話的人的方向，沒問題吧？「Take」是遠離說話的人的方向

Now, if you're born in England, that's easy because they always talk about "I want takeaway."

如果你是在英國出生的，會很容易理解，因為他們總是會說「I want takeaway (我要外帶)」

I'll take away. Because they take the food away from the restaurant, right?

I'll take away (我要帶走)，因為他們把食物帶離餐廳，對吧？

So one of my favorite sayings that we say in England -- not England -- that we say here is, like --

我在英國最喜歡說的其中一句話 ─ 不是英國 ─ 是這裡 ─ 是 ─

watch every space movie: "Take me to your leader." You'll never see a space movie, unless it's made by me --

每一部太空電影都會有的台詞，「Take me to your leader」。你絕不會看到有太空電影，除非是我製作的

and it would say, "Bring me to your leader." We don't do that.

出現 ─「Bring me to your leader」。 我們不會那樣說

You say, "Take them to the leader" because you're taking them away from this spot where the speaker is

你應該說，「Take them to the leader」，因為你把他們從說話的人在的場所

to a new location or spot. So "take" and "bring" are easy because it's "bring -- come towards".

帶到一個新的位置或場所。所以「take」和「bring」很簡單，因為「bring」就是 ─ 靠近

Here's a mistake -- not Canadians -- English speakers make that you should be aware of. They'll say

有個你需要注意的──不是加拿大──是說英語的人常犯的錯。他們會說

something like, "Don't forget to bring your bag with you" instead of, "Don't forget to take your bag."

像是「Don't forget to bring your bag with you」的句子，而非「Don't forget to take your bag」

Do you know what the difference is?

你們知道差別在哪嗎？

Well, you're leaving, right? So you need to take it away. Remember I said "away from"?

你要離開，對吧？所以你需要把它帶走。記得我說過「遠離」吧？

Take the bag away from you. When you say, "Bring the bag with you", the speaker's speaking,

把包包從你那邊拿走。當你說，「Bring the bag with you」，說話的人在說話，

you're still moving away from the speaker, right? So you've got to use this.

而你正在遠離說話的人，對吧？所以你必須使用「take」

But Canadians and Americans and Brits say it a lot. They'll say, "Bring it with you." I say "No." "Take" it with you.

但加拿人、美國人和英國人常這樣說。他們會說，「Bring it with you」。我說「不對」。「Take」 it with you

You know the difference now because you're smart.

你們現在知道差異了，因為你們頭腦很好

And you're studying from the Book of Bad English. Good for you. There's a worm in that book. Watch it.

而你在讀的是英文錯誤很多的書。幹得好。有一隻蟲在那本書裡。小心

Okay. "Fewer" or "less". I'm going to make a statement, and think which one is correct.

好的。「fewer」還是「less」。我要來造個句子，想一下，哪個是正確的

"'Fewer' than a million people have watched the videos on EngVid.

「不到一百萬人看過 EngVid 上的影片。」

'Less' than a million people have watched the videos on EngVid." Which one would be correct?

「不到一百萬人看過 EngVid 上的影片。」，哪句是正確的？

Yeah. If you said "less than", no. "Less" is similar to "amount". You say "fewer" for things you can count.

如果你說「less than」，不對。 「less」和「amount」相似。你用「fewer」指可數的事物

"Fewer than five people did the job or worked on the job", not "less than".

「Fewer than five people did the job or worked on the job」，不是「less than」

"Fewer" is for numbers you can count. "Less" is like "amount". It's uncountable, right?

「fewer」是指可數的數。「less」就像「amount」。是不可數的，對吧？

"There is less water here than there." Try and say, "There is fewer water here than there." There "what?"

「There is less water here than there」。說看看「There is fewer water here than there」。There 什麼！？

That's right, son. That's why you don't say it. Proper grammar. "There is less this than that."

沒錯，孩子。那就是為什麼你不會那樣說。正確的文法。 「There is less this than that」

We commonly -- this is such a common mistake it's not even funny, right? But, once again,

我們通常──這是非常常見的錯誤，一點都不好笑，對吧？ 但，再一次地

you're reading from The Book of Bad English. So you know lesson No. 4. Don't do it. All right?

你們現在在讀《英文常見的錯誤》。 所以你了解第四課了。 別犯這個錯誤。 好嗎？

Mr. E is smiling because he's, like, "Damn! I didn't know that." It's like, "Nor did I until about five hours ago."

E先生在笑，因為他想說，「可惡！我以前從不知道是那樣。」 事實是，「我也是五小時前才知道的。」

But now you and I both know. All right? Because I used to make this mistake until now.

但現在你們和我都懂了。沒錯吧？ 因為我以前常犯這錯誤，直到現在，我才懂了

So you won't -- I'll be making this mistake fewer times than before but less and less.

所以你不會──我犯這個錯誤的次數會比之前少，愈來愈少

See? That's different. I'm saying it differently there. Less and less.

懂了嗎？ 那是不同的。 我那裡是不同的用法。 Less and less (指程度上的愈來愈少)

So I'm reducing, and that's what we're talking about. What about "further" and "farther"?

所以我正減少我犯錯的程度，這就是我要講的重點。那麼「further」和「farther」呢？

I feel really bad because anyone who I taught over the past eight years, these are the mistakes I made,

我對於過去八年我教過的人感到很抱歉，因為這兩個字的用法以前我也搞錯了

and I'm teaching them now, and they're, like, "But James, you told me this!"

現在我在教這兩個字時，那些學生會說，「James，可是你之前不是這樣說呀！」

And I went, "I didn't know it at the time. I went by standard grammar or standard speak."

我說，「我那時也弄錯了。我只是跟著大家認同的用法去教。」

And standard speak, which, you know, we all do, doesn't mean it's correct.

我們都會使用通用的說法，但並不代表那是對的

So I'm giving you something that's, you know, the correct grammar.

所以我現在正在教你──正確的文法

Now, colloquial is what we call -- "colloquial" is the common people speak. We didn't care.

「colloquial」就是指大家說話的習慣方式。 我們不在乎 (文法對不對)

People say it; no one's going to correct you because most of them don't know. All right?

大家都這樣用。沒人會去糾正你們，因為他們大部分都不知道。 好嗎？

But then, you're here to learn, so I'm here to teach.

但，你們來這裡學習，所以我就來教你們 (這些常見的錯誤)

How about, "further" and "farther"? Well, this one's easy to think of, all right?

那麼「further」和「farther」呢？ 這個錯誤應該很常見，對吧？

Because they sound almost the same, and that's part of the problem, right? It's a major part of the problem.

因為他們發音幾乎一樣，而那正是一部分的問題，對吧？ 那是最主要的問題

So what we want to look at is the word "distance". When somebody says, "We need to investigate this further"

所以我們需要看的是「distance (距離) 」這個字。 當有人說，「We need to investigate further」

or "we need to investigate farther"? It's because they really don't know. They sound the same.

還是「We need to investigate farther」時，是因為他們真的搞不清楚。 他們聽起來一樣

They almost look the same, except one sounds like something from Star Wars.

他們長得幾乎一模一樣，除了其中一個字聽起來像星際大戰中

"Luke. I am your father." "Father", get it? Because there's a distance between us. The mother and -- you don't？

「Luke, I am your father」的「father」外，懂？ 因為我們之間有距離。媽媽和──你聽不懂？

Forget it. Anyway. Distance. This is an E by the way because I know there're some of you guys who are, like, just

算了。 總之。 距離。 對了，這是一個 e，因為我知道你們有些人會說

-- it's a small E, but it's an E. I just fixed it, okay?

─ 是小寫的 e 才對，但就是個 e。 我把它寫好了，可以了吧？

So "farther" -- you know how you say "far away", "The house is far away" or

所以「farther」─ 你知道如何使用「far away」，「The house is far away」或是

"my house is five miles farther" -- sorry. "My house is five kilometers further -- farther than yours."

「my house is five miles farther」──抱歉。 「My house is five kilometers further -- farther than yours」才對

See? I almost said "further" because we, in English, do that a lot.

看吧！ 我差點說成「further」，因為我們常常那樣說

But you say, "I live farther than you do." That means far -- more far away, right?

但你應該說，「I live farther than you do」。 意思是遠的 ─ 離得更遠，對吧？

"Further" means "more" or "longer". So "We need to discuss this further", which means

「further」是指「more」或是「longer」。 所以「We need to discuss this further」，是指

we need a longer time to speak or more time to speak. So this is more about "more" or "longer",

我們需要更長時間或更多時間討論。 所以這更接近「more」或「longer」

but not distance longer, all right? So if you want to study further,

但不是指距離較長，了解嗎？ 所以假如你想要在讀得更深入

you might have to travel farther to another library to do so. You like that? I don't.

你可能必須走較長的路到另一間圖書館才行。 你想嗎？ 我可不想

My head is spinning. But we're learning bad English. It should be, like -- it's gonna come up here

我的頭都昏了。 但沒辦法，我們在學英文常見的錯誤。 那應該是 ─ 接下來在這裡會提到

-- the "affect" this is happening to (on) me, not the "effect". I mean it is "affecting" me and

─「affect」這正作用在我身上，不是「effect」。 我是指那正在影響我並且

changing the way I look at things, but the "effects" it is actually had on changing or

改變我看事情的方式，但「effects」它的確在改變或者

influencing my thoughts since I've learned the six, and I did all that production to introduce to you No. 6.

影響我的想法，因為我學會了這六項、想出所有那些東西去跟你們講解第六個 (常見的錯誤)

I have notes on the board for a reason because I would be a liar to say I've never made these mistakes.

我白板上有寫筆記是有原因的，因為如果我說我從沒犯過這些錯誤，我絕對是個騙子

Most Canadians and -- I say "Canadians", sorry -- English. Because I was born in England,

大部分加拿人和 ─ 我剛說「加拿大人」，抱歉 ─ 英國人才對。 因為我在英國出生

been to America -- just English-speaking people make this mistake incredibly.

去過美國 ─ 就是說英語的人非常非常非常常犯這個錯誤

The only time we ever get it right is "special effects, effects, effects, effects!"

我們只有在講「special effects, effects, effects, effects!」的時候，才會講對

Because we know this, the result of the special effect in a movie is [boom] Superman flies.

因為我們知道這個，超人會飛就是電影中特效的結果

Other than that, when we talk about it, a lot of times we get confused

除了那個，當我們在講那兩個字時，我們時常搞混

because "affect", "effect" -- so similar in sound. Nobody notices. So today,

因為「affect」、「effect」─ 聽起來太像了。 沒有人會注意到。 所以目前

you will make that mistake. Usually, when we talk about "effects", we talk about results.

你們會犯那個錯誤。通常，當我們說「effects」，我們在講結果

"What was the net effect? What happened? What was the change?" Keyword here because the

「最後的結果是？發生什麼事？改變是?」關鍵字 (change) 在這裡，因為

verb means "to cause a change". The noun is "What was the final change. What was the net effect

這個動詞意思是「引起改變」。 名詞則是「最終的改變是？ 最後的結果是？

or what was the final effect?" The next one is easy to remember because think about influence and emotion.

或最終的影響是？」 下一個很容易記，去想想「影響」和「情緒」

This could be for things, you might say; this one would be for people. It's not exact. It's not a science.

你可以說這 (effect) 用在事物上；這 (affect) 則會用在人上。但並不完全是如此。這不是自然科學

It's 80 percent. But I'm trying to make it easy for you to remember these.

這大概是百分之八十正確。但我是在試著讓你們更容易記得這些東西

"Affect" is almost about being human. When I say to you, you know, the affect --

「affect」跟人較有關。 當我跟你說，the affect ─

"How did it affect you?" -- we're talking about emotional, the emotional feeling that you have, right?

「How did it affect you?」─ 我們在講的是情緒，你感受到的情緒，對吧？

And then we talk about "influence". We "influence" by "changing" -- but this is different --

然後我們講「影響」。我們藉由「改變」去「影響」─ 但這不同 ─

it's changing the way you think, how were you influenced.

它改變你們思考的方式 、說明你們如何被影響

"How is that affecting the people in your family?" Not "effecting". That would be different.

「How is that affecting the people in your family?」不是「effecting」。 那是不同的

"How is it changing? Why was it influenced? How were you influenced by it?"

「它正如何改變 (指 effect)？ 它為什麼被影響 (指 affect)？ 你如何被它給影響 (指 affect)？」

So if you could remember this one -- this is more of a human emotion thing,

所以如果你們能記住這個 (affect) ─ 這和人的情緒有關

and this is more of an action thing -- you'll be okay. And you won't make the mistake.

這 (effect) 和作用有關 ─ 你會了解的。你不會在犯這個錯誤

I'm probably going go to make in about five seconds when I explain it again to you, okay?

我五秒後再跟你們解釋一次，我可能又會搞混了，好嗎？

That's the effect it's having on me. Did I say "affect" or "effect"? I'm not sure.

那就在作用在我身上結果。 我剛說「affect」還是「effect」？我不太確定

Okay, so let's go back over this quickly because I don't know how much time I've got left,

好，所以我們來快速複習一遍，因為我不知道我還有多少時間

but I don't want to affect the lesson, right? So when we look at "amount" or "number",

但我不想影響 (affect) 這堂課，好嗎？當我們看到「amount」或「number」

you can't count amounts. Sugar, salt, water. Numbers, you can. People, all right? Next "among"

「amount」是不可數的。像糖、鹽、水。「number」是可數的。像人數，了解嗎？再來是「among」

and "between". If you have two, you'd say "between". If you have more than two, say "among".

和「between」。如果有兩個，用「between」。如果有兩個以上，用「among」

"Bring" and "take": If it's moving away, if it's coming to the speaker, say "bring". If it's moving

「bring」和「take」：如果正在遠離、往說話的人方向靠近，用「bring」。如果正在遠離

away from the speaker, say "take". Okay? "Fewer" or "less": If you have something you can count,

說話的人的方向，則用「take」。了解？「fewer」或「less」，如果你有的東西是可數的

say "fewer" -- "fewer than five". "Less than" is for uncountables, and it follows the similar words

用「fewer」─「fewer than five」。「less than」用在不可數的事物上，和這邊的字用法一樣

here, these words. "Further" and "farther" -- don't forget, "Luke, I am your father"

這些字 (number/amount)。「further」和「farther」─ 別忘記講過的 「Luke, I am your father」

-- talk about distance and relationships, all right? But this is just for distance -- kilometers,

─ 講的是距離和關係 (farther/father)，了解嗎？但這 (farther) 指的是距離 ─ 公里、

inches, centimeters -- while the other one means "more" or "longer". And finally,

英吋、公分 ─ 但另一個 (further) 是指「more (更多)」或「longer (更長)」。最後

let's look at the "affect" or the "effect" if we're talking about emotion or result. Good?

如果我們在講的是情緒或結果，我們會用「affect」或「effect」。沒問題吧？

Got to go, so let's go to www.(where?) eng (where "eng" stands for "English"), vid (where "vid"

該走了，我們來去 www. (哪裡？) eng (eng 代表 English) .vid (vid

stands for "video").com, where "me and the worm" will be studying from the Book of English.

代表 video) .com，我和這隻蟲 (指常見的英文錯誤) 會在那裡讀英文

Have a good one. I hope that gets to more than just a few people.

掰掰，祝你有美好的一天！我希望有更多人能學到那些常見的英文錯誤