Name: TED-Ed】改變遊戲規則的羊卵--April Tucker。 (【TED-Ed】The game-changing amniotic egg - April Tucker)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T05:20:24.000Z
Duration: 4 min 30 s

牠們曾經都生活在同一个屋檐下吗？

Steamy swamps and rain forests of horsetails and ferns

潮濕的沼澤，馬尾草的熱帶雨林和各種蕨類植物

Amphibians are the dominant land vertebrates.

兩棲動物在陸地上佔主導地位。

And all require water to do their egg laying.

their shell-less, jelly-like eggs will dry out.

牠們無殼的，像果凍一樣的卵會變乾。

也就是說，直到一個變革性的突破

而且能夠被產在乾燥的陸地上。

a new group of animals named after their revolutionary egg.

一種新的動物族群因其革命性的卵而得名。

第一個羊膜動物是四足動物（tetrapod），

While some amphibians can walk around on land

雖然一些兩棲動物可以在陸地上行走

and bury their eggs in wet soil or highly humid areas,

以及將牠們的卵埋在 濕土裡或極度潮濕的區域，

nothing before the amniotes has the ability

在羊膜動物之前，牠們沒有能力

with the ability to live a fully terrestrial life.

完全具備陸地生活能力的動物。

In fact, the amniotic egg brings the pond with them

by enclosing the aquatic environment within its shell.

把池塘的水生環境給包裹了起來。

這是通過四個主要的升級而實現的

The first development is the most obvious:

至今仍然可以在爬行類動物的卵上發現。

The shell protects the eggs from predators,

但，不同於魚缸壁是不透氣的，

羊膜卵的外殼有很多細小的透氣孔，

so that the growing amniote inside doesn't suffocate.

使得發育中的胚胎不會在卵裡窒息。

The next two developments are two separate membranes

接下來的兩個進化是有兩個單獨的膜

which is the protective layer that oxygen passes through

能令氧氣進入外殼的 細小毛孔之後順利通過。

as the thin skin you peel away on a hard boiled egg.

一個煮雞蛋剝掉外殼之後 剩下的那層薄薄的皮。

then the allantois is essentially the lobby of the building.

那麼尿膜就是這座建築的大堂。

The chorion and the allantois make sure the embryo

The last and perhaps the most important development

最後一個可能也是最重要的進化是羊膜

is the amnion, the membrane for which the egg is named.

The amnion is also contained within the chroion

and holds the fluid in which the embryo floats.

使得胚胎能在液態環境中漂浮。

Because it has left the watery world of the amphibians,

因為它已經離開了 兩棲動物生活的水底世界，

that allows the amniote to lay the egg on dry land.

使得羊膜動物可將卵產在乾燥的陸地上。

like a shock absorber on your bike or car.

就像你的自行車或汽車的減震器

Together, the shell and these four membranes

as it explores new land away from the water.

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TED-Ed】改變遊戲規則的羊卵--April Tucker。 (【TED-Ed】The game-changing amniotic egg - April Tucker)

ability

environment

lie

fluid