Name: 3.羅馬建築中的技術與革命 (3. Technology and Revolution in Roman Architecture)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T05:19:04.000Z
Duration: 1 h 10 min 49 s
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It's Inauguration Day--Happy Inauguration Day to everyone--

情態副詞

and I thought that actually the inauguration of Barack Obama

today and the particular lecture in this class are very well

Because although you see that the title of today's lecture is

"Technology and Revolution in Roman Art,"

I could also call it something like "The Change the Romans

Because the change the Romans believed in,

the change the Romans believed in was a shift from what we call

traditional Roman architecture to innovative Roman

And that's what we're going to be talking about today,

what we call innovative, and what we'll call in the

course of this semester, innovative Roman architecture.

We've already talked about what we've called traditional Roman

architecture, and I just want to look again

of Portunus, that we looked at last time,

the Temple of Portunus in Rome, near the Tiber River,

a temple that was put up in the late second,

And we talked about the fact that this was a traditional

A traditional Roman building though that was quite

architecture, Greek religious architecture,

and drew from both of those, drew elements from both of

We talked about the fact that the Etruscan elements of this

particular monument were its tall podium,

were its deep porch, were the freestanding columns

in that porch, were the single staircase and

that having that single staircase achieved.

We also talked about the fact that while there were columns

all around the structure, which is actually a Greek way

which still gave it a certain sense of flatness,

including on the back, that was also characteristic of

We also talked about the Greek elements that were incorporated

and also the fact that one of the traditional Greek orders,

in this case the Ionic order, was used for the structure.

So this bringing together of Greek and Etruscan elements in

this thoroughly Roman building, but a building that again we

All the traditional Roman buildings share in common the

and those columns and walls serve a structural purpose and

that is to hold up the flat or the sloping ceiling,

the sloping roof, and that is in fact exactly

But at this very same time, in the second century B.C.

and into the first century B.C., we begin to see a new kind

of experimentation that is going on concurrently with this,

an experimentation that grows up in some of the same towns

that we see traditional buildings like this.

And what made this experimentation different than

anything that had come before is the fact that the Romans use,

for these buildings, a completely new material,

We talked about the fact that already in the Temple of

Portunus concrete was used, but concrete was used only in

It is inside the podium and serves to strengthen--

concrete has a great deal of strength and can sustain great

podium for utilitarian purposes so that it could help to support

But again, none of its expressive possibilities were

explored by the designer of the Temple of Portunus or any of the

But what begins to happen also, in the course of the second and

first centuries B.C., is architects beginning to

realize that this new concrete technology has an opportunity to

transform Roman architecture, and they begin to experiment

In order to understand the concrete buildings that we're

which are absolutely fascinating--and I hope you'll

and they again stand at the very beginning of this

development of innovative architecture in Rome--

it's important to know a bit about concrete,

Roman concrete that is, and I want to make a few points

Roman concrete -- the Latin term for it is opus

Roman concrete is different from what we think of today as