Name: 醫師也有關於「疫苗」的疑問嗎？| Tech Support | WIRED Japan (医師だけど「ワクチン」について質問ある？| Tech Support | WIRED Japan)
Uploaded: 2025-12-13T18:01:29.000Z
Duration: 25 min 17 s

I'm Dr. Paul Offit, pediatrician and professor of pediatrics at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.

我是奧菲特醫生，賓夕法尼亞大學醫學院的小兒科醫生兼小兒科教授。

I'm here today to answer your questions from the Internet.

我今天在這裡回答大家來自網路上的問題。

You do realize a lot of what we get vaccinated for, our immune system could just fight off naturally.

你是不是知道，我們接種疫苗的很多疾病，我們的免疫系統其實可以自然抵抗。

大家都很喜歡「自然」這個詞。

There's nothing good about a natural infection.

Mother Nature has been trying to kill us ever since we crawled out of the ocean onto land.

自從我們爬出海洋登上陸地以來，大自然就一直想殺死我們。

I had measles, I had mump, I had German measles, I had chickenpox.

我得過麻疹、腮腺炎、德國麻疹、水痘。

And I survived every one of those infections.

But not everybody did before there was a measles vaccine in 1963.

但在 1963 年麻疹疫苗問世之前，並不是每個人都能倖免。

Every year, 48,000 children would be hospitalized with severe pneumonia or dehydration or inflammation of the brain, which could leave those children then blind or deaf.

每年有 48,000 名兒童會因為嚴重肺炎、脫水或腦部發炎而住院，這可能導致這些兒童失明或失聰。

Mumps was the most common cause of acquired deafness.

腮腺炎是後天性失聰最常見的原因。

Rubella, or German measles, when it infected pregnant women, would cause about 20,000 cases of congenital birth defects every year, manifested as blindness, deafness, or permanent heart defects.

德國麻疹，也就是德國麻疹，在感染孕婦時，每年會導致約 20,000 例先天性出生缺陷，表現為失明、失聰或永久性心臟缺陷。

I was lucky I wasn't one of those 75 to 100 children who died every year from chickenpox or the 10,000 who were hospitalized.

我很幸運，沒有成為每年因水痘死亡的 75 到 100 名兒童之一，也沒有成為那 10,000 名住院的兒童之一。

So while many of us are able to survive a natural infection, some aren't.

所以，雖然我們許多人都能從自然感染中倖存下來，但有些人不行。

In fact, I actually don't like the term natural immunity.

事實上，我其實不喜歡「自然免疫」這個詞。

我更喜歡「倖存者免疫」這個詞。

Ravo93 asks, has herd immunity ever been achieved without a vaccine?

Ravo93 問，群體免疫有沒有可能在沒有疫苗的情況下達成？

Herd immunity means a critical percentage of people around you have been vaccinated and are protected.

群體免疫的意思是，你周遭有一定比例的人接種了疫苗並受到保護。

So much so that it's very hard for that virus or bacteria to get to you.

這樣一來，病毒或細菌就很難傳染給你。

Also remember, millions of people in this country can't be vaccinated because they're immune compromised.

另外也要記得，這個國家有數百萬人因為免疫系統受損而無法接種疫苗。

They can't be vaccinated because they have cancer.

他們因為罹患癌症而無法接種疫苗。

They depend on us to protect them, and they count.

他們依賴我們來保護他們，這對他們很重要。

But has a virus or bacteria ever been eliminated by natural infection?

但是，有沒有病毒或細菌是透過自然感染而被消滅的？

Smallpox, which was estimated to kill about 500 million people, was never eliminated until there was a vaccine.

天花，據估計造成約 5 億人死亡，直到有了疫苗才被消滅。

Polio in the United States would every year cause tens of thousands of children to be paralyzed and thousands to die.

美國的脊髓灰質炎（小兒麻痺）每年導致數萬名兒童癱瘓，數千人死亡。

That was eliminated in 1979 because of a vaccine.

那是在 1979 年因為疫苗而被消滅的。

So only vaccines have the capacity to eliminate these viruses, viruses.

所以只有疫苗有能力消滅這些病毒。

In 2014, 2015, there was a measles outbreak that started in Southern California that then spread to other states, affected hundreds of people.

在 2014 年、2015 年，加州南部爆發了一場麻疹疫情，隨後蔓延到其他州，影響了數百人。

Richard Pan was a state senator in California that was embarrassed that his state had been the epicenter of this outbreak.

Richard Pan 是加州的州參議員，他對他的州成為這次疫情的中心感到很難堪。

So he wanted to eliminate the philosophical exemption to vaccination in a state that never had a religious exemption.

所以他想在一個從未有過宗教豁免的州，取消疫苗接種的哲學豁免。

If he was successful, that would have meant that the only exemptions in California were medical exemptions.

如果他成功了，那意味著加州唯一的豁免將是醫療豁免。

The anti vaccine activists hated this and they showed up in droves to cry.

反疫苗的活動家們痛恨這一點，他們成群結隊地出現哭鬧。

This particular attempt to eliminate the philosophical exemption for vaccination.

這項取消疫苗接種哲學豁免的嘗試。

There was a little boy who showed up at those meetings.

有個小男孩出現在那些會議上。

And so he would stand up at those meetings, they would have to put him on a stool because he didn't reach the microphone.

所以他會站上那些會議，因為他夠不到麥克風，他們得把他放在凳子上。

And he stared right at these anti vaccine activists when he said it.

他說這話時，直視著那些反疫苗的活動家。

He was a brave little boy and he had everything to do with how it came to be that California now only has a medical exemption to vaccinations.

他是個勇敢的小男孩，這一切都與加州現在只剩醫療豁免有關。

Lefty Matty asks, how do you deal with anti vaccine parents?

Lefty Matty 問，您要如何應對反疫苗的父母？

First of all, I think it's reasonable to be skeptical of anything you put into your bodies, including vaccines.

首先，我認為對任何放入體內的東西，包括疫苗，保持懷疑是合理的。

I think I would divide this group up into two.

我認為我會把這群人抽成兩類。

They read things that are frightening on the Internet or vaccines causing cancer or heart disease or autoimmune disease.

他們在網路上讀到令人恐懼的東西，像是疫苗會引起癌症、心臟病或自體免疫疾病。

And those people have questions and you just try the best you can to answer those questions and not to in any sense deny their fear.

而那些人有疑問，你盡力去回答這些疑問，並且不要在任何方面否定他們的恐懼。

And you can't, you can't sort of deny it by just saying, well, that's silly.

而且你不能，你不能就說，嗯，那很傻，來否定它。

You have to accept that that is a real fear and that you have to try and provide them with information that calms that fear down.

你必須接受那是一個真實的恐懼，然後你必須試著提供讓他們恐懼減輕的資訊。

this is a much smaller crowd, are people who just think there's a conspiracy to sell vaccines.

這是一小群人，他們認為有陰謀在推銷疫苗。

They think you're part of that conspiracy and there's really nothing you can say to make them feel better about this because they think you're just an instrument for the pharmaceutical industry.

他們認為你也是陰謀的一部分，而且你說什麼都無法讓他們感覺好一點，因為他們認為你只是藥廠的工具。

I usually don't spend a lot of time talking to those folks because there's no point wasting their time and mine.

我通常不會花太多時間跟那些人講話，因為沒必要浪費他們和我自己的時間。

Kirko asks, how was the smallpox vaccination campaign so effective that the disease was completely eradicated when the smallpox vaccine had very real side effects?

Kirko 問，天花疫苗接種活動為何如此有效，能將疾病徹底根除，儘管天花疫苗有非常真實的副作用？

So there are two different kinds of viruses.

There's viruses that have short incubation periods, like 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, SARS, CoV2 the cause of COVID rotavirus Influenza, respiratory syncytia virus has short incubation periods.

有些病毒的潛伏期很短，像是兩天、三天、四天，SARS、CoV2（COVID 的成因）、輪狀病毒、流感、呼吸道融合病毒都有短潛伏期。

Then there's the long incubation period diseases, German measles or chickenpox or smallpox.

還有像是潛伏期長的疾病，德國麻疹、水痘或天花。

You don't need antibodies in the circulation at the time you're exposed.

在你接觸到病毒時，你不需要循環中的抗體。

All you need is memory cells, which have plenty of time to become activated and make antibodies well before you get sick, because it's a long incubation period.

你只需要記憶細胞，它們有充足的時間在生病前活化並製造抗體，因為這是潛伏期長的疾病。

So you can eliminate smallpox, which we did by 1980.

所以天花是可以被根除的，我們在1980年就做到了。

You can eliminate polio from this country, which we did by 1979.

這個國家可以根除小兒麻痺，我們在1979年就做到了。

You can eliminate measles, which we did from this country by 2000.

這個國家可以根除麻疹，我們在2000年就做到了。

You will never eliminate rotavirus or SARS, CoV2 or RSV, respiratory syncytial virus or flu because they are short incubation period diseases.

輪狀病毒、SARS、CoV2、RSV（呼吸道融合病毒）或流感，你永遠無法根除它們，因為它們是潛伏期短的疾病。

I think we could have done a better job of explaining that actually, regarding the COVID vaccine, because while COVID vaccine will protect against severe disease, which is the goal, it's never going to protect against mild or moderate disease for long.

我認為我們其實可以把COVID疫苗解釋得更好，因為雖然COVID疫苗能保護我們免於重症，這也是我們的目標，但它永遠無法長期保護我們免於輕症或中症。

So the smallpox vaccine certainly had real side effects.

所以天花疫苗確實有真實的副作用。

And smallpox vaccine could occasionally cause fatal side effects, it's true.

而且天花疫苗偶爾確實會造成致命的副作用。

But smallpox was a feared and devastating illness.

但天花是一種令人恐懼且毀滅性的疾病。

One of the reasons we were able to eliminate it is there's no such thing as asymptomatic smallpox.

我們之所以能根除它，其中一個原因就是沒有無症狀的天花。

Everybody who has smallpox will have lesions or blisters on their face.

所有罹患天花的人臉上都會有病灶或水泡。

And with you can kind of put a moat around the virus, meaning not only the person who has it, but

而且你可以像在病毒周圍築起護城河一樣，這不僅指感染者本人，

And that's why you can essentially eliminate that UMU a to the doctors on the timeline.

這就是為什麼你基本上可以根除這種疾病，醫生們在時間線上。

What is the purpose of all the vaccines babies are given?

嬰兒接種的各種疫苗的目的是什麼？

Vaccines are given to prevent diseases that cause children to suffer or be hospitalized or die.

打疫苗是為了預防會讓小朋友受苦、住院或死亡的疾病。

And when they are introduced, those diseases are rampant.

而這些疾病在疫苗問世前，可是非常猖獗的。

Polio, for example, in the 1950s caused as many as 58,000 children to be paralyzed and 1800 to die every year because of the polio vaccine.

以小兒麻痺為例，在1950年代，每年有高達58,000名兒童是以而癱瘓，1800人是以喪命，這都是因為小兒麻痺疫苗。

So you could ask, why do I still need this vaccine?

所以你可能會問，我為什麼還需要這個疫苗？

這個國家已經沒有小兒麻痺了。

但它並沒有從這個世界上消失。

And if you choose to lower immunization rates, it'll come back.

如果你選擇降低接種率，它就會回來。

And that happened in 2022 to a 27 year old man in Rockland County, New York, who never left this country, who was paralyzed by polio.

這就發生在2022年，紐約羅克蘭郡一名27歲男子，他從未離開過這個國家，卻被小兒麻痺癱瘓了。

And that virus that paralyzed him really only paralyzes one in every 2,000 people that infect.

而讓他癱瘓的病毒，其實只會影響每2000名感染者中的一人。

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醫師也有關於「疫苗」的疑問嗎？| Tech Support | WIRED Japan (医師だけど「ワクチン」について質問ある？| Tech Support | WIRED Japan)

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