Name: 讓全世界都屏息的瞬間：挑戰者號太空梭災難！ (One Moment That Made the World Stand Still: The Challenger Disaster)
Uploaded: 2025-11-17T17:22:05.000Z
Duration: 26 min 59 s

On January 28, 1986, as the United States and the rest of the world watched on, glued to their television sets for the live broadcast of an unprecedented space shuttle launch, there was excitement and expectation in the air.

1986年1月28日，美國和全世界都緊盯著電視，收看史無前例的太空梭發射的現場播出，空氣中充滿了興奮和期待。

This launch was one that had been delayed multiple times.

But now, finally, it was all systems go and all eyes on the crisp blue Florida sky.

但現在，終於一切就緒，所有目光都聚焦在佛羅裡達州湛藍的天空上。

Although none of the major networks are broadcasting it live, you can still see it on a relatively new cable channel called cnn.

雖然主要電視網都沒有直播，但你還是可以在一個相對較新的有線電視頻道 CNN 上看到。

And yet, all of the good feeling would only ever amount to a desperate, devastating, infamous tragedy.

然而，所有的美好感受最終都只會變成一場絕望、毀滅性的、臭名昭著的悲劇。

The Challenger disaster triggered global shock and mourning.

挑戰者號災難引發了全球的震驚和哀悼。

All seven crew members lost their lives amidst one of the darkest moments in 20th century American history.

在20世紀美國歷史上最黑暗的時刻之一，所有七名機組人員都失去了生命。

But how could such a moment come to pass?

但這樣一個時刻怎麼會發生呢？

What exactly went so terribly wrong to cause such a deadly outcome?

究竟是什麼出了如此嚴重的差錯，才導致瞭如此致命的結果？

And how did the fate of the Challenger impact space travel?

挑戰者號的命運又是如何影響太空旅行的呢？

From then on, how did the Challenger disaster truly unfold?

從那時起，挑戰者號災難究竟是如何展開的？

Today we examine space shuttle Challenger's final mission, the disturbing events leading up to, during and after its catastrophic launch, and

今天我們要探討太空梭挑戰者號的最後一次任務，以及在它災難性的發射前、發射中和發射後令人不安的事件，

the enduring impact of an unthinkable failure.

還有那場難以置信的失敗所造成的持久影響。

Challenger was the second space shuttle orbiter after Columbia to fly as part of NASA's wider space shuttle program, a huge $200 billion, 30 year human spaceflight plan that ultimately ran from 1981 to 2011.

挑戰者號是繼哥倫比亞號之後，NASA 更廣泛的太空梭計畫中的第二架太空梭軌道器，這是一項耗資 2000 億美元、為期 30 年的宏大載人太空飛行計畫，最終從 1981 年持續到 2011 年。

Challenger itself launched for the first time on April 4, 1983.

挑戰者號本身於 1983 年 4 月 4 日首次發射。

It ran for 10 flights total between then and mission STS51L, its fatal final launch in late January 1986.

從那時到 1986 年 1 月下旬致命的最後一次發射任務 STS51L 之間，它總共執行了 10 次飛行。

In general, the shuttle program represented a new dawn for spaceflight.

總體來說，太空梭計畫代表了太空飛行的新紀元。

Unlike with previous initiatives such as the Apollo program, which famously took humankind to the moon for the first time, NASA's shuttle system was designed for repeated use.

與過去阿波羅計畫等著名地首次將人類送上月球的計畫不同，NASA 的太空梭系統是為了重複使用而設計的。

It was going to be a real routine expressway to space.

它將成為一條真正的太空高速公路。

And unlike Apollo, the shuttle system was going to be almost entirely reusable.

與阿波羅計畫不同，太空梭系統幾乎是完全可重複使用的。

They had to return this hardware back into space as rapidly as they could.

他們必須盡快將這些硬體送回太空。

載人載具是可重複使用的，而且

by some estimates, it was predicted that any one shuttle would be able to launch upwards of 100 times over the course of its operational life.

根據一些估計，預測任何一架太空梭在其服役期間，都能發射超過 100 次。

Unfortunately, we know that Challenger managed only a tenth of that projection.

不幸的是，我們知道挑戰者號只達到了這個預測的十分之一。

What transpired to be its final mission, however, was planned to be a particularly historic one.

然而，後來被證實是它最後一次的任務，原本計畫要特別具有歷史意義。

It carried enormous symbolic weight, cultural significance, and it garnered massive political attention at its core.

它承載了巨大的象徵意義、文化重要性，並且在其核心吸引了巨大的政治關注。

STS51L was to carry out several key tasks during the six days in space.

STS51L 在太空的六天期間，將執行多項關鍵任務。

The astronauts are going to release a $100 million satellite and another one called Halley Spartan, that will study the comet.

這些太空人將會釋放一個價值一億美元的衛星，以及另一個名為 Halley Spartan 的衛星，用來研究彗星。

Challenger was set to deploy the second satellite in NASA's Tracking and Data Relay satellite system, which was designed to make it easier for orbiting spacecraft in general to communicate.

Challenger 預計部署 NASA 追蹤與資料轉送衛星系統的第二顆衛星，該系統旨在讓軌道器更容易進行通訊。

It was also planned for Challenger to ferry into space the Spartan Halley payload, a satellite specifically built to target and monitor Halley's comet.

Challenger 也計畫將 Spartan Halley 酬載送入太空，這是一顆專門用於鎖定和監測哈雷彗星的衛星。

And in fact, this link to an internationally known cosmic phenomenon was a main driving force behind this particular mission being a focal point for a key NASA initiative during presidency of Ronald Reagan, the Teacher in Space project.

事實上，這個與國際知名的宇宙現象的連結，是這次任務成為 Ronald Reagan 總統任內 NASA 一項重要計畫「太空教師計畫」焦點的主要推動力。

When that shuttle lifts off, all of America will be reminded of the crucial role that teachers in education play in the life of our Nation.

當太空梭發射升空時，全美國人都會銘記教育工作者在國家生命中扮演的關鍵角色。

When in 1984 Reagan announced the Teacher in Space project, the idea was a bold Send a teacher into space so that students across the US could witness the possibilities of space travel through the eyes of someone just like them.

1984 年 Reagan 宣佈「太空教師計畫」時，這個想法很大膽：將一位老師送入太空，讓全美國的學生能透過像他們一樣的人的眼睛，親眼見證太空旅行的可能性。

In 1985, from more than 11,000 applicants, Christa McAuliffe, a social studies teacher from Concord, New Hampshire was chosen.

1985 年，從超過 11,000 名申請者中，Christa McAuliffe，一位來自新罕布夏州 Concord 的社會科老師被選中。

On July 19, 1985, Vice President Bush makes the big announcement.

1985 年 7 月 19 日，副總統 Bush 做出重大宣佈。

The teacher who will be going into space, Christa McAuliffe.

即將進入太空的老師，Christa McAuliffe。

She wasn't an astronaut, a pilot or an engineer.

她不是太空人、飛行員或工程師。

And she represented the possibility that space wasn't only for highly trained specialists, that it could also be for everyday people.

這代表著太空不只屬於訓練有素的專業人士，一般人也能參與其中。

She was 37, a mother of a 6 year old and a 9 year old a wife.

她當時 37 歲，是一位 6 歲和 9 歲孩子的母親，也是一位妻子。

Alongside McAuliffe, another teacher, Barbara Morgan was selected as her backup.

除了 McAuliffe，另一位老師 Barbara Morgan 也被選為她的候補。

McAuliffe was scheduled to teach directly from space.

The plan was for her to deliver two 15 minute classes broadcast live to millions of students around the country.

這個計畫是讓她播出兩次 15 分鐘的課程，直播給全國數百萬名學生。

For NASA, this was a sign of ambition, but

對 NASA 來說，這是雄心壯志的展現，但

also a thinly veiled major push to improve PR that grew a tremendous interest from the public, plus the school systems that were going to show this live on television.

同時也是一個明顯想改善公關的重大推動，引起了公眾和將在電視上直播此節目的學校系統極大的興趣。

The 1980s had seen a big decline in enthusiasm for space travel compared to previous decades, especially during the Apollo era.

相較於之前的年代，尤其是在阿波羅計畫時期，1980年代的太空旅行熱情明顯下滑。

Challenger was meant to reignite the flame to re accelerate public interest in U.S.

Challenger 任務旨在重燃火焰，重新加速公眾對美國太空計畫和支出的興趣。

這是為了啟發下一代的美國孩童。

It was an attempt to inspire the next generation of America's children.

在發射前的這一年，媒體的關注度不斷升高。

And in the year leading up to launch, the media attention was rising and rising.

McAuliffe was right at the heart of it all.

我也一直是一位冒險家，總是想嘗試新事物。

But I've also been an adventurer and I've always wanted to try something new.

作為一位歷史學家，能有機會踏上這樣的冒險旅程，我當然無法拒絕。

And certainly as a historian, to have the opportunity to embark on such an adventure I certainly wouldn't be able to say no to.

STs 51L 的全體機組人員包括任務指揮官 Francis R. Dick Scobee、Michael J.

The full crew of STs, 51L included Francis R. Dick Scobee, the Mission Commander, Michael J.

Smith, the Pilot, Mission Specialist 1, Ellison S.

Smith，飛行員，任務專家 1，Ellison S.

Onizuka, Mission Specialist 2, and Flight Engineer Judith A.

Onizuka，任務專家 2，以及飛行工程師 Judith A.

Resnick, Mission Specialist 3, Ronald E. McNair and Payload Specialist 2.

Resnick，任務專家 3，Ronald E. McNair 和酬載專家 2。

Gregory B. Jarvis, an engineer representing Hughes Space and Communications.

Gregory B. Jarvis，代表休斯太空與通訊公司的工程師。

Christa McAuliffe was officially designated as Payload Specialist 1.

Christa McAuliffe 被正式指定為酬載專家 1。

At the time, it was one of the most diverse crews that NASA had ever assembled.

當時，這是 NASA 組成過最多元化的機組人員之一。

Again, this was a group of supremely talented and dedicated people who it was felt could supercharge the shuttle program.

再說一次，這是一群才華洋溢、全心投入的人，大家覺得他們能為太空梭計畫注入新活力。

Because in truth, by the turn of the year into 1986, the program was increasingly under pressure.

因為事實上，到了 1986 年初，這個計畫承受的壓力越來越大。

NASA had promised routine, almost airline like operations for the shuttle.

NASA 曾承諾太空梭能像搭飛機一樣，例行性地執行任務。

We had two pads up and running, so you'd have two vehicles out on the pad and they were going to launch like three days apart.

我們有兩個發射臺在運作，所以會有兩架太空梭在發射臺上，它們的發射時間間隔只有三天。

Launches were originally expected to happen at a rapid pace, with perhaps dozens per year.

最初預計發射會以很快的速度進行，一年可能會有數十次。

But just five years into the shuttle era, this general ambition had proven in hindsight to be over optimistic.

但在太空梭時代的五年後，回顧過去，這種普遍的雄心壯志被證明過於樂觀。

As a result, NASA's leadership reportedly faced growing demands to prove their shuttles were not just experimental crafts, but

結果，據報導，NASA 的領導層面臨越來越大的壓力，需要證明他們的太空梭不只是實驗性載具，

truly were reliable, reusable, around the clock vehicles.

而是真正可靠、可重複使用、全天候的載具。

Nevertheless, the STS51L Challenger mission had already faced delays.

然而，STS51L 挑戰者號任務已經面臨延誤。

What the country's space agency has learned in recent weeks as well as the rest of us, is that this is a difficult general time of year to try and launch a space shuttle.

國家航太總署最近幾週以及我們其他人所學到的，是這是一年當中嘗試發射太空梭的困難時期。

Originally scheduled to launch in July 1985, it had been pushed back multiple times due to a combination of weather and technical issues.

最初預計在 1985 年 7 月發射，但由於天氣和技術問題的結合，已經被推遲了多次。

Even in January 86, it had previously been scheduled for launch on the 22nd before eventually taking off on the 28th.

即使在 1986 年 1 月，它先前也曾安排在 22 日發射，但最終延至 28 日才起飛。

Millions of people, including school children across America, tuned in live to watch.

包括全美國的學童在內，數百萬人都在鎖定直播觀看。

The Challenger mission was supposed to be a celebration of progress, education, imagination and exploration.

挑戰者號任務本應是慶祝進步、教育、想像力和探索的盛事。

Instead, it turned into a moment that no one would forget, but for terrible, horrible reasons.

結果，這卻變成了一個令人永難忘懷的時刻，但原因卻是可怕、恐怖的。

Just 73 seconds after leaving the launch pad, there was a huge explosion.

離開發射臺僅 73 秒後，發生了一場巨大的爆炸。

The watching crowds had just witnessed a dream disintegrate.

觀看的群眾親眼目睹了一個夢想的破滅。

Challenger's final day did not unfold under stereotypical Florida conditions.

挑戰者號的最後一天，並不像典型的佛羅裡達天氣一樣展開。

While skies were clear, temperatures were plummeting.

雖然天空晴朗，但氣溫卻在急遽下降。

Overnight lows had dipped below freezing.

隔夜的低溫已經降到零度以下。

And something that may have been missed by the eager watching masses was that this launch would be the coldest launch in shuttle history.

而熱切觀看的群眾可能錯過的一點是，這次發射將會是太空梭史上最冷的一次發射。

This was an epic cold snap across the south.

這是席捲南部的一場史詩級寒流。

It had never been that cold on that calendar day in Cape Canaveral.

在卡納維爾角，那一天從未如此寒冷過。

Ultimately, this was a crucial detail as to how and why the mission ended in disaster.

最終，這成為了任務為何以及為何會以災難告終的關鍵細節。

The cold wasn't just uncomfortable, it was dangerous.

寒冷不只是不舒服，更是危險。

Ice had formed on the ground and on the launch tower against which the doomed shuttle was set, raising concerns among engineers broadly.

地面和發射塔上都結了冰，而這艘註定失敗的太空梭就矗立在上面，引起了工程師們廣泛的擔憂。