Name: 輸入必須 "可理解 "嗎？ (Does Input Have to Be "Comprehensible"?)
Uploaded: 2025-09-19T15:53:30.000Z
Duration: 14 min 36 s

So as a beginner learning Japanese, should you be immersing yourself with content which is comprehensible to you?

那麼，作為學習日語的初學者，是否應該沉浸在自己能夠理解的內容中呢？

祈使句型

好吧，讓我們來探討一下這個問題。

情態助動詞 A2

So according to Steven Krashen's input hypothesis, you acquire language when basically you comprehend something which you previously couldn't.

是以，根據史蒂文-克拉申的輸入假說，當你基本上理解了一些以前無法理解的東西時，你就掌握了語言。

So if I hold up a ball, a red ball, and say the English sentence, this is a red ball.

是以，如果我舉起一個球，一個紅色的球，然後說英語句子：這是一個紅色的球。

And let's say for example, you didn't know the English word ball, but you knew the rest of the sentence.

比方說，你不認識英語單詞 ball，但你知道句子的其餘部分。

Then you can probably make the inference, oh, the word ball probably means ball.

那麼你大概可以推斷出，哦，"球 "這個詞大概就是 "球 "的意思。

And now you just, due to the extra context clue of me holding up the red ball, you're able to comprehend this sentence, comprehend that the word ball means ball, and then according to the input hypothesis, you'll be able to acquire it.

而現在，由於我舉起了紅球這一額外的語境線索，你就能理解這句話，理解 ball 這個詞的意思是球，然後根據輸入假設，你就能獲得它。

So acquisition is all about understanding things which you previously couldn't understand.

是以，獲取就是要理解你以前無法理解的東西。

So now when we're thinking about, well, should you be immersing in content which you understand like 90 to 90 percent of already?

是以，當我們在思考，你是否應該沉浸在你已經理解了 90% 到 90% 的內容中？

Or is it okay to immerse with content that you only understand 30, 40, 50 percent of?

或者，沉浸在你只能理解 30%、40%、50% 的內容中可以嗎？

When we're thinking about this question, we have to think about, well, which one will provide us with the most opportunities to comprehend things which we previously weren't able to comprehend?

當我們思考這個問題時，我們必須想一想，哪一個能為我們提供最多的機會來理解我們以前無法理解的東西？

Well, the reality is that I don't know and nobody really knows because there haven't been any sort of scientific studies conducted on this topic.

現實情況是，我不知道，也沒有人真正知道，因為還沒有對這個問題進行過任何科學研究。

But I'm gonna talk to you about my speculations and my theories with this topic based off my own experience and my models of how language acquisition works.

但我要跟你們談談我根據自己的經驗和語言習得模式對這個話題的推測和理論。

So I actually don't think as a beginner of Japanese, this is different once you become like late intermediate to advanced, but as a beginner of Japanese, I don't think that it's actually any better to be understanding 90% versus say 30, 40 percent and it might actually be even more useful to have 30, 40 percent.

是以，我實際上不認為作為日語初學者，一旦你成為中高級日語後期，情況就會有所不同，但作為日語初學者，我不認為理解 90% 的內容比 30% 或 40% 的內容更好，實際上，理解 30% 或 40% 的內容可能更有用。

When I was learning Japanese for the entire period where I was a beginner, I pretty much exclusively immersed with content which was way above my level, you could say, right?

在我學習日語的整個初學者時期，我幾乎都沉浸在遠遠超出我水準的內容中，可以這麼說，對嗎？

I was only understanding probably 10, 20, 30 percent in the beginning, later on like 50, 60, 70 percent.

一開始，我大概只能聽懂 10%、20%、30%，後來就能聽懂 50%、60%、70%。

For the first long while, I almost never understood a hundred percent because I was watching anime and dramas and Japanese movies, which I wanted to watch and I thought were cool.

在最初的很長一段時間裡，我幾乎從未百分之百地理解過，因為我一直在看動漫、電視劇和日本電影，我想看這些，我覺得很酷。

I wasn't really thinking about was it gonna be too hard or not because everything was kind of too hard and I found that I made very rapid progress, right?

我並沒有想過這是不是太難了，因為一切都太難了，我發現自己進步很快，對嗎？

It didn't seem to be a problem that I was only understanding 20 or 30 percent.

我的理解能力只有 20% 或 30%，但這似乎不是問題。

That didn't seem to be a barrier that kept me from progressing and the reason why this is is because like for example, when I understood 30 percent of Japanese, you know, then there were certain sets of words and phrases which I had down pat.

這似乎並沒有成為阻礙我進步的障礙，原因就在於，舉個例子，當我能聽懂 30% 的日語時，我已經掌握了某些單詞和短語。

Every single time I heard it, I knew what it meant.

每次聽到它，我都知道它意味著什麼。

Like, oh, gomen, konnichiwa, suimasen, like stuff like that.

比如，"哦"、"gomen"、"konnichiwa"、"suimasen "之類的。

Every time I heard it, I instantly understood it.

每次聽到它，我都會立刻明白。

I had completely acquired it and my brain was very good at picking out those pieces of language from the whole and at any given point there was this new layer that was just beyond my cutting edge where I would start noticing these words or sentence structures, right?

我已經完全掌握了它，我的大腦非常善於從整體中挑選出這些語言片段，而且在任何時候，都會有一個新的層次，它就在我的前沿之外，我開始注意到這些單詞或句子結構，對嗎？

Like one day I would notice some word like maybe like kaisetsu.

就像有一天我會注意到一些詞，比如 "開雪"（kaisetsu）。

I would notice the word kaisetsu and then once I noticed it once I'd be like, oh, yeah, that kind of sounds familiar.

我會注意到 kaisetsu（開雪）這個詞，一旦注意到它，我就會想，哦，是啊，聽起來有點耳熟。

I feel like I've probably heard that before.

我覺得我可能以前聽過這句話。

I'd start noticing it all the time like multiple times per day because I mean that's just how it works with the Bader-Meinhof phenomenon, right?

我開始注意到它的所有時間，像每天多次，因為我的意思是，這只是它是如何工作的與巴德爾 - 梅因霍夫現象，對不對？

Once you notice things once then you just start noticing it all over the place.

一旦你注意到一次，你就會開始注意到所有的地方。

You know, you're thinking about getting a certain type of car.

你知道，你正在考慮購買某款汽車。

Suddenly you start seeing that car everywhere you go, even though you never noticed it before you thought about maybe buying that car.

突然間，你走到哪裡都能看到那輛車，儘管你在考慮買車之前從未注意過它。

And so once your brain unlocks a word and this would happen all the time, right?

一旦你的大腦解鎖了一個單詞，這種情況就會經常發生，對嗎？

Because your brain just starts noticing things.

因為你的大腦開始注意到一些事情。

Your brain is always starting to notice new language structures and patterns which are just beyond your cutting edge.

你的大腦總是開始注意到新的語言結構和模式，而這些新的語言結構和模式恰恰超出了你的能力範圍。

I would just notice words left and right all the time.

我只是會一直注意到左右兩邊的單詞。

Every day there'd be three, four, five new words which I noticed for the first time that day.

每天都會有三、四、五個新單詞，這是我當天第一次注意到。

And once I noticed them, I'd start noticing them all the time, multiple times per day usually.

一旦我注意到它們，我就會開始一直注意到它們，通常每天都會注意多次。

And so it was inevitable that I learned the meaning of those words, right?

是以，我不可避免地瞭解了這些詞的含義，對嗎？

Eventually you just figure out what they mean or even if you don't wait until you actually figured out the context, you can just look it up once, get the meaning, and then you can't forget it because it just gets reinforced every time it comes up.

最終，你就會明白它們的意思，或者即使你沒有等到真正弄明白上下文，你也可以只查一次，弄明白意思，然後你就忘不了它了，因為它每次出現都會得到強化。

And so I had no trouble going from 30% to 31% and from 31% to 32% and it didn't matter that I was only at 30% and there was actually a majority that I wasn't understanding because I was constantly improving what I was understanding all the time.

是以，我毫不費力地從 30% 提高到 31%，又從 31% 提高到 32%，這並不重要，因為我一直在不斷提高我的理解能力。

And here's the thing with comprehensibility is that it's not a yes or no thing, right?

可理解性的關鍵在於，它不是一個 "是 "或 "否 "的問題，對嗎？

It's not like you 100% understood an entire sentence.

你又不是百分百聽懂了整句話。

It's overall meaning, how the grammar works, what the individual vocab means, and you either understood it yes, or it was all gibberish to you, right?

這是整體意思，文法是如何運作的，單個詞彙是什麼意思，你要麼聽懂了，要麼對你來說都是胡言亂語，對嗎？

You can understand the general gist of a sentence but not really know what some of the individual words mean or how the grammar is interacting.

你可以理解一個句子的大意，但並不真正瞭解其中一些單詞的含義或文法是如何相互作用的。

You can understand half of a sentence and know, okay, this word, this part of the sentence means this.

你能聽懂半句話，並知道這個詞、這部分句子是這個意思。

This is happening grammatically, but not know the other half of the sentence, right?

這在文法上是成立的，但不知道句子的另一半，對嗎？

是以，理解是一件非常混亂的事情。

這不是一個 "是 "與 "否 "的問題。

And so even if you're only understanding 30% of like the overall language, there's still gonna be language that's on your cutting edge all around you all the time.

是以，即使你只能理解整個語言的 30%，你的周圍仍然會一直存在最前沿的語言。

Like a few months ago when I was learning Chinese, I was just memorizing for like a few months and I was still at a very low level like only understanding 20-30%, but there was like almost something for my brain to do on almost every sentence because there was either one word in each sentence that sounded familiar and I was thinking, wait, what does that mean?

就像幾個月前我學中文的時候，我只是背了幾個月，我的水準還很低，比如只理解了20%-30%，但幾乎每個句子都能讓我的大腦做一些事情，因為每個句子中都有一個詞聽起來很熟悉，我就在想，等等，那是什麼意思？

Or like some grammatical structure where I was like, oh wait, was that that structure I heard before?

或者像一些語法結構，我就想，哦，等等，那是我以前聽到過的結構嗎？

So even though that I was only understanding 30% of the total whole, I was constantly bombarded with opportunities to learn new things.

是以，儘管我只理解了全部內容的 30%，我還是不斷有機會學習新知識。

What I mentioned at the beginning is how much opportunities are you being given to comprehend things which you weren't able to comprehend before.

我在開頭提到的是，你有多少機會去理解以前無法理解的東西。

So it's this idea that going from 30 to 31 is it's the same amount of progress as going from 95 to 96 and it's not necessarily harder to do.

是以，有一種觀點認為，從 30 歲到 31 歲與從 95 歲到 96 歲的進步是一樣的，並不一定更難做到。

It's actually in a sense easier to do because you're being bombarded with so much that you don't understand, right?

從某種意義上說，這其實更容易做到，因為你被很多你不理解的東西轟炸著，對嗎？

If you understand 98% of something and you don't only understand 2%, then you only are presented with the opportunity to learn that 2%.

如果你理解了某件事情的 98%，而你不只理解了 2%，那麼你只有機會去學習那 2%。

And yes, it might be easier to learn that 2% because it's clearer what it means because everything surrounding the 2% is already clear.

是的，學習這 2% 可能更容易，因為它的含義更明確，因為圍繞這 2% 的一切都已經很清楚了。

But if you only understand 50%, then half of all you're listening to is stuff that's new to you and you have the potential to pick up.

但如果你只聽懂了 50%，那麼你所聽的內容就有一半對你來說是新的，而你有可能聽懂。

So in a way, you have more opportunities to learn.

是以，在某種程度上，你有更多的機會學習。

Like I said, it's not very hard to pick up things that are right beyond your cutting edge.

就像我說過的那樣，要掌握那些超出你能力範圍的東西並不難。

And so I think having the extra exposure to content you don't understand at the beginning stages might actually lead to you picking up more and more quickly.

是以，我認為，在開始階段多接觸一些你不瞭解的內容，實際上可能會讓你越來越快地掌握知識。

Because when you think about it, babies who are learning their L1, they start out with 0% comprehension, right?

因為仔細想想，正在學習 L1 的嬰兒一開始的理解能力是 0%，對嗎？

They're not understanding 98% filling in the 2%.

They understand nothing at the beginning and they slowly work their way up.

一開始，他們什麼都不懂，慢慢地，他們就會懂了。

Given completely incomprehensible mostly adult input, right?

鑑於完全無法理解的大多是成年人的意見，對嗎？

Like yeah, adults speak to babies and baby talk, but that's like 2% or less of all their input.

是的，成年人會對嬰兒說話，也會說嬰兒語，但這隻佔他們所有投入的 2% 或更少。

Most of their learning happens through hearing adult conversation.

他們的大部分學習都是通過聆聽成人的談話進行的。

And so the brain is kind of built, it has strategies built in to learn how to work its way up the comprehension hierarchy, right?

是以，大腦是一種內置的，它有內置的策略來學習如何沿著理解層次向上發展，對嗎？

Your brain has the tools it needs to do that built in.

你的大腦已內置了實現這一目標所需的工具。

And because the unconscious mind, because you know language acquisition happens unconsciously.

因為無意識的思維，因為你知道語言的習得是在無意識的情況下發生的。

That's what Steven Krashen tells us and what my experience tells me.

這是史蒂文-克拉申告訴我們的，也是我的經驗告訴我的。

Your unconscious mind doesn't work in a strict linear fashion like your conscious mind does.

你的無意識思維不像有意識思維那樣以嚴格的線性方式工作。

It can be working on multiple issues at once.

It can be working on multiple layers of abstraction at once.

And so at the very beginning, part of your brain could be working on phonetics and parsing the differences between little sounds.

是以，在一開始，你大腦的一部分可能在研究語音學，解析小聲音之間的差異。

Part of your brain could be dealing with what individual words mean.

你大腦的一部分可能在處理單個單詞的含義。

Part of your brain could be dealing with the sentence structure.

你的部分大腦可能在處理句子結構。

And this could be happening simultaneously, right?

In a kind of parallel processing fashion.

Because we know that the brain does process things like many multiple things at the same time, like psychology tells us this.

因為我們知道，大腦確實會同時處理多件事情，就像心理學告訴我們的那樣。

And so like at the very beginning, right?

If you were only exposing yourself to what you already understood, like what would that be?

如果你只接觸你已經瞭解的東西，那會是什麼？

And you'd have such a limited range of input that all the other unconscious structures in your brain, which are equipped to decode full-on real language and and extract the underlying principles from that input, it's not going to get a chance to really activate if your input is so thin and easy, right?

你的輸入範圍如此有限，以至於你大腦中所有其他無意識結構，都具備瞭解碼完整的真實語言並從輸入中提取基本原理的能力，如果你的輸入如此單薄和簡單，它就不會有機會真正激活，對嗎？

So I think that you can work with your brain by replicating the process of first language acquisition, of basically doing what your brain was built to do, which is figure out how to swim while it's drowning, you could say.

是以，我認為你可以通過複製第一語言習得的過程來與你的大腦合作，基本上就是做你的大腦天生要做的事情，也可以說是在溺水的時候想辦法游泳。

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輸入必須 "可理解 "嗎？ (Does Input Have to Be "Comprehensible"?)

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