情態助動詞 A2

You know what's a lot harder than it seems like it should be?

你知道什麼比看起來要難得多嗎？

And what I mean by that is that we are all constantly doing, or at least we're constantly scrolling.

我的意思是，我們都在不斷地做，或者至少是不斷地滾動。

You know, we keep ourselves busy to the point of exhaustion, but we're also languishing.

你知道，我們讓自己忙得筋疲力盡，卻也無精打采。

我想我們在某種程度上都知道這一點。

I think that's part of the reason we keep ourselves so busy.

我想這也是我們如此忙碌的部分原因。

We're so busy and distracted to begin with, but we don't know what to do about it.

我們本來就忙得焦頭爛額，卻不知道該怎麼辦。

So I am here to tell you, I've figured out what to do about it.

所以，我在這裡告訴你們，我已經找到了解決的辦法。

You know what I mean?  You know what I mean?

你明白我的意思嗎？  你明白我的意思嗎？

So you might think that you're already having plenty of fun, and that's because in our everyday speech, we often use the word fun to describe anything we do with our leisure time, even if it's not actually enjoyable and, in fact, a waste of time.

是以，你可能會認為你已經玩得很開心了，這是因為在我們的日常用語中，我們經常用 "開心 "這個詞來形容我們利用閒暇時間做的任何事情，即使它實際上並不令人愉快，實際上是在浪費時間。

So for example, we scroll through social media for fun, even though doing so often makes us feel bad about, like, kind of everything.

舉例來說，我們瀏覽社交媒體是為了消遣，儘管這樣做常常會讓我們對所有事情都感覺不好。

Or we'll say, that was so fun, we should do that again soon, in response to things that weren't that fun and that we don't want to do again ever.

或者我們會說，那太有趣了，我們應該很快再做一次，以此來回應那些並不有趣、我們再也不想做的事情。

But it's not really our fault that we're a little bit sloppy about how we use the word fun, because even the dictionary doesn't get it quite right.

不過，我們在使用 "樂趣 "一詞時有些草率，這其實並不是我們的錯，因為就連字典裡也沒有完全正確的解釋。

You know, it says that fun is amusement or enjoyment or lighthearted pleasure.

要知道，書上說樂趣是娛樂、享受或輕鬆愉快。

It's something for kids to have in play areas.

It makes it sound like it's frivolous and optional.

這讓人覺得這很輕浮，可有可無。

But if you think back on your own memories that stand out to you as having truly been fun, and I really encourage you to do this, you know, the memories that you would describe as, and forgive me for our scientific terminology, so fun, you're going to notice that there's something much deeper going on.

但是，如果你回想一下你自己那些讓你覺得真正有趣的記憶，我真的鼓勵你這樣做，你知道，那些你會描述為--原諒我用我們的科學術語--非常有趣的記憶，你會注意到有一些更深層次的東西正在發生。

I've collected thousands of these stories from people all around the world, and I can tell you it's amazing, because when people recount the memories in which they had the most fun, they tell you about some of the most joyful and treasured memories of their lives.

我從世界各地的人們那裡收集了成千上萬個這樣的故事，我可以告訴你，這些故事令人驚歎，因為當人們講述他們最快樂的記憶時，他們會告訴你他們生命中最快樂、最珍貴的一些記憶。

So in reality, fun is not just lighthearted pleasure.

是以，在現實生活中，樂趣並不僅僅是輕鬆愉快。

It's not just for kids, and it is definitely not frivolous.

這不僅僅是孩子們的事，也絕對不是無聊的事。

Instead, fun is the secret to feeling alive.

相反，樂趣才是感受活力的祕訣。

So today, I want to propose to you a new, more precise definition of what fun is.

所以今天，我想向大家提出一個新的、更準確的定義，那就是 "樂趣"。

I want to reveal some of the ways in which it is astonishingly good for us, and I want to give you all some suggestions for things you can do, starting right now, to experience its power for yourself.

我想揭示一些它對我們有驚人好處的方式，我還想給你們一些建議，讓你們從現在開始就能做一些事情，親身體驗它的力量。

So the first thing we need to start with is the fact that fun is a feeling, and it's not an activity.

是以，我們首先要知道，樂趣是一種感覺，而不是一種活動。

And that's important, because a lot of times when I ask people, what's fun, they'll respond with a list of activities that they enjoy.

這一點很重要，因為很多時候，當我問人們 "有什麼好玩的 "時，他們會列出一系列自己喜歡的活動。

You know, they'll say dancing is fun, or skiing is fun, or, I don't know, pickleball is fun.

你知道，他們會說跳舞很有趣，滑雪很有趣，或者，我不知道，皮球很有趣。

Everyone seems to think that pickleball is fun.

似乎每個人都認為皮球很有趣。

And sure, pickleball can be fun, but we've all had experiences where something's off, and an activity that seems like it would be fun doesn't end up feeling fun.

當然，皮球運動也會很有趣，但我們都有過這樣的經歷：有些事情不對勁，一項看起來會很有趣的活動最終卻讓人覺得不好玩。

And then on the flip side, we've had experiences where something that doesn't seem like it would be fun at all ends up feeling ridiculously fun.

但反過來說，我們也有過這樣的經歷：一些看起來一點都不好玩的事情，最後卻讓人覺得好玩得離譜。

But when people do have fun, when they experience this feeling, it's actually very easy to recognize, because people who are having fun look like they're being illuminated for a reason.

但是，當人們真的玩得開心時，當他們體驗到這種感覺時，其實是很容易辨認出來的，因為玩得開心的人看起來就像是被點亮了一樣，這是有原因的。

So for example, here's me and my husband having fun together.

舉個例子，這是我和我丈夫在一起玩的照片。

Here are some presidents having fun together.

下面是幾位總統在一起的歡樂時光。

Here's Archbishop Desmond Tutu and the Dalai Lama having fun together.

這是德斯蒙德-圖圖大主教和達賴喇嘛在一起玩耍。

Actually, those two seem like they were very often, even constantly, having fun together.

事實上，這兩個人似乎經常，甚至一直在一起玩樂。

And as you can see in these photographs, true fun produces this visceral sense of lightness and joy.

正如您在這些照片中看到的，真正的樂趣會讓人產生輕鬆愉悅的直觀感受。

In fact, when I asked my daughter when she was about five years old what color fun would be, she said sunshine.

事實上，在我女兒五歲左右的時候，當我問她什麼顏色好玩時，她說是陽光色。

You know, what is this feeling that we call fun?

你知道，我們稱之為樂趣的這種感覺是什麼嗎？

Well, when people tell me their stories about fun, it's really interesting, because the details are all different and often quite mundane, but the energy running through them is the same.

當人們向我講述他們的趣事時，這真的很有趣，因為細節各不相同，而且往往很平凡，但貫穿其中的能量卻是一樣的。

And there are three factors that are consistently present to the point that I believe they constitute a new definition, one that is a lot more accurate than what's in the dictionary.

有三個因素始終存在，以至於我認為它們構成了一個新的定義，一個比字典裡的定義更準確的定義。

And those three factors are playfulness, connection and flow.

這三個因素是遊戲性、聯繫性和流動性。

So by playfulness, I do not mean you have to play games or, God forbid, make-believe.

是以，我所說的 "玩樂"，並不是說你必須玩遊戲，或者，上帝不允許你玩虛構的遊戲。

I just mean having a lighthearted attitude of doing things for the sake of doing them and not caring too much about the outcome, letting go of perfectionism.

我的意思是說，要有一種輕鬆的態度，為了做事而做事，不要太在意結果，放下完美主義。

When we have fun, our guard is down, and we're not taking ourselves too seriously.

當我們玩得開心時，我們會放鬆警惕，不會把自己看得太重。

Connection refers to the feeling of having a special, shared experience.

聯繫指的是一種特殊的、共同經歷的感覺。

And I do think it's possible in some circumstances to have fun alone and for this feeling of connection to be with yourself or the surroundings or the activity.

我認為在某些情況下，一個人也可以玩得很開心，而且這種聯繫的感覺可以是自己，也可以是周圍的環境或活動。

But in the majority of stories that people tell me about their peak fun memories, another person is involved, and that's true even for introverts.

但是，在大多數人告訴我的關於他們最快樂的回憶的故事中，都有另一個人的參與，即使是內向的人也是如此。

And then flow is the state where we are so engaged and focused on whatever we're doing that we can even lose track of time.

然後，"流動 "是一種狀態，在這種狀態下，我們全神貫注，甚至忘記了時間。

You can think about an athlete in the middle of a game or a musician playing a piece of music.

你可以想想正在比賽中的運動員，或者正在演奏樂曲的音樂家。

It's possible to be in flow and not have fun, like if you're arguing, but you cannot have fun if you are not in flow.

有可能在流動中卻沒有樂趣，比如你在爭吵，但如果你不在流動中，就不可能有樂趣。

So playfulness, connection and flow all feel great on their own, but when we experience all three at once, something magical happens.

是以，遊戲性、聯繫和流動本身都會讓人感覺很棒，但當我們同時體驗到這三者時，神奇的事情就會發生。

In fact, fun does so many amazingly good things for us that I personally believe that fun is not just the result of human thriving, it's a cause.

事實上，樂趣為我們帶來了太多令人驚歎的好處，是以我個人認為，樂趣不僅是人類繁榮的結果，更是一種原因。

是以，舉例來說，樂趣能讓人充滿活力。

When people tell me their stories about fun, they glow.

當人們向我講述他們的快樂故事時，他們會容光煥發。

It is like a fire has been lit inside of them, and the energy and the warmth that they give off is contagious.

他們的內心就像被點燃了一團火，他們所散發出的能量和溫暖具有感染力。

You know, so much of life drains us, but fun fills us up.

要知道，生活中的很多事情都會耗盡我們的精力，但樂趣卻能讓我們充實。

A lot of us put a lot of work into trying to be more present.

我們中的很多人都在努力讓自己更有存在感。

We do yoga classes, we meditate, and that is all great.

我們上瑜伽課、冥想，這些都很好。

But the fact that fun is a flow state means that when we are having fun, we simply are present.

但事實上，"快樂 "是一種流動狀態，這意味著當我們在享受快樂時，我們只是在 "在場"。

We live in a really polarized world, and as we all know, there's a lot of very serious problems.

我們生活在一個兩極分化的世界，眾所周知，這個世界存在著許多非常嚴重的問題。

But when we have fun with people, we don't see them as different political parties or nationalities or religions.

但是，當我們與人相處時，我們不會把他們視為不同的政黨、民族或宗教。

And it's worth noting that that is the first step in being able to work together to solve those problems.

值得注意的是，這是能共同解決這些問題的第一步。

Now, being lonely and stressed out, as many of us have been for the past two years, causes hormonal changes in our bodies that increase our risks for disease.

在過去兩年裡，我們中的許多人都處於孤獨和壓力之中，這導致我們體內的荷爾蒙發生變化，從而增加了我們患病的風險。

But when we have fun, we're relaxed and we're more socially connected, both of which have the opposite effect.

但是，當我們玩得開心時，我們就會放鬆，我們的社交關係就會更緊密，而這兩者的效果恰恰相反。

So it kind of blows my mind every time I think about it this way, but having fun is a health intervention.

是以，每次我這麼想的時候，都會覺得很不可思議，但玩得開心也是一種健康干預。

You know, we all so desperately want to be happy.

要知道，我們都那麼渴望幸福。

We read books about happiness, we download apps about happiness, but when we are in a moment of having fun, we are happy.

我們閱讀關於幸福的書籍，下載關於幸福的應用程序，但當我們沉浸在快樂之中時，我們是幸福的。

So it makes me think that perhaps the secret to long-term happiness is just to have more everyday moments of fun.

是以，這讓我想到，也許長期幸福的祕訣就是每天都有更多的快樂時光。

Well, to start with, do not take the suggestions you will find in magazine articles about how to have more fun.

首先，不要聽從雜誌文章中關於如何獲得更多樂趣的建議。

So I looked up some of these myself, and I found suggestions that include, and I'm not making these up, roast a turkey.

於是，我自己查了一些資料，發現了一些建議，其中包括烤火雞，這可不是我瞎編的。

And put together an altar to loved ones who have passed.

併為逝去的親人設立一個祭壇。

And watch a documentary about climate change.

And my personal favorite, adorn your table with gourds.

我個人最喜歡用葫蘆裝飾餐桌。

Instead, the most effective thing you can do to have more fun is to focus on its ingredients, by which I mean do everything you can to fill your life with more moments of playfulness, connection and flow.

相反，要想獲得更多樂趣，最有效的辦法就是專注於樂趣的成分，我的意思是盡你所能，讓你的生活充滿更多嬉戲、聯繫和流動的時刻。

是以，這裡有一些關於如何做到這一點的想法。

So to start with, reduce distractions in order to increase flow.

是以，首先要減少干擾，以增加流動性。

Anything that distracts you is going to kick you out of flow and prevent you from having fun.

任何讓你分心的事情都會讓你失去動力，無法盡興。

And what's the number one source of distraction for most of us these days?

而如今，我們大多數人分心的首要原因是什麼？

這是修辭手法，但沒錯，就是你的手機。

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