Name: TED】Joy Sun。你應該換一種方式捐款嗎？(Joy Sun：你應該換一種方式捐款嗎？) (【TED】Joy Sun: Should you donate differently? (Joy Sun: Should you donate differently?))
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T05:17:35.000Z
Duration: 7 min 40 s

when she wants to take all  the money for her project —

maybe it's a school or a training program —

也許是支付學校或訓練的費用，

get on a plane flying over the poorest villages in the country,

搭上飛機，飛到全國最窮的村子裡，

and start throwing that money out the window.

因為對經驗豐富的救援人員來說，

into the hands of the poorest people on Earth

I had that moment right about the 10-year mark,

我大概在工作滿十年的時候有這種感覺，

幸運的是，我正好在那個時候發現

這種想法真的存在現實生活中，

and it might be just what the aid system needs.

而那也許符合救援機構的需求。

Economists call it an unconditional cash transfer,

經濟學家稱這種方式為現金移轉 (unconditional cash transfer)。

Well, why did I spend a decade doing other stuff

那為什麼我還花了十年做其他的事

Honestly, I believed that I could do more good

有一部分是因為他們沒有受教育，

第二，我們需要像我這樣的人，

to figure out what they need and get it to them.

設想他們需要什麼，並提供他們所需。

It turns out, the evidence says otherwise.

In recent years, researchers have been studying

what happens when we give poor people cash.

Pregnant women in Uruguay buy better food

烏拉圭的孕婦會買好一點的食物，

Sri Lankan men invest in their businesses.

斯里蘭卡男性則投資在自己的生意上。

Researchers who studied our work in Kenya

調查員研究我們在肯亞做的服務，

found that people invested in a range of assets,

from livestock to equipment  to home improvements,

成效就出現在他們送出錢的一年後。

As someone who wonders if Maslow got it wrong,

就像有人懷疑馬斯洛的理論是否錯了，

I find this choice to prioritize spiritual needs

我發現這個優先滿足精神需求的選擇

I don't know if I would have chosen to give food

同樣的，我們可以檢視過去的經驗，

on what happens when we give people stuff

看看給窮人我們選擇的東西之後，

One very telling study looked at a program in India

有份很有說服力的研究檢視印度做的計畫顯示

that gives livestock to the so-called ultra-poor,

and they found that 30 percent of recipients

had turned around and sold the livestock they had been given

情況大幅好轉，並賣出得到的牲畜

他們還要多花 99 美元才能有收穫。

What if, instead, we use technology to put cash,

有沒有可能，我們換個方式運用科技捐款，

whether from aid agencies or from any one of us

不論是由慈善團體，還是任何捐助人

Today, three in four Kenyans use mobile money,

現在有四分之三的肯亞人使用電子錢包，

which is basically a bank account that can run

基本上就是能在任何行動電話上操作的

send money directly to a recipient's account

就能直接捐款到受助者的帳戶，

Like the technologies that are disrupting industries

It's spreading so quickly that it's possible

That's what we've started to do at GiveDirectly.

那就是我們在「馬上捐」(GiveDirectly)開始做的事。

dedicated to providing cash transfers to the poor.

決定直接將現金移轉給窮人的組織。