Name: 自行車齒輪究竟是如何工作的？ (How Do Bicycle Gears Actually WORK?)
Uploaded: 2025-08-26T11:05:26.000Z
Duration: 3 min 4 s

Gears are a fundamental part of a bicycle.

齒輪是自行車的基本組成部分。

They allow you to take on steep climbs and keep the pedals turning on the flats all at the same time.

它們能讓你在陡峭的山路上一往無前，同時又能在平地上保持踏板轉動。

The gears on a bike can be broken down into three areas of componentry.

自行車上的齒輪可分為三個組成部分。

The chainrings, including the front derailleur, the cassette, including the rear derailleur and pulley wheels, and the shifters.

包括前變速器在內的鏈環、包括後變速器和滑輪在內的齒輪盒以及變速器。

The chainrings are attached to the cranks and most road bikes have two of them.

鏈環與曲柄相連，大多數公路自行車都有兩個鏈環。

Chainrings are defined by the number of teeth on the inner and outer rings and these days setups for road standard, semi-compact and compact.

鏈輪由內環和外環上的齒數定義，目前有公路標準型、半緊湊型和緊湊型三種設置。

A standard chainset has 53 teeth on the big ring and 39 teeth on the inner.

標準鏈輪大環上有 53 個齒，內環上有 39 個齒。

A semi-compact has 52 teeth on the outer ring and 36 on the inner ring and a compact has 50 teeth on the big ring and 34 on the inner ring.

半緊湊型外環上有 52 個齒，內環上有 36 個齒；緊湊型大環上有 50 個齒，內環上有 34 個齒。

A standard chainset has the hardest gears of the three setups while a compact has the easiest.

在三種設置中，標準鏈條組的齒輪最硬，而緊湊型鏈條組的齒輪最簡單。

The group of cogs attached to the rear wheel is the cassette.

與後輪相連的齒輪組就是卡帶。

Most road bikes will have between 9 and 12 cogs ranging from 11 teeth on the smallest cog up to 32 teeth on the biggest.

大多數公路自行車有 9 到 12 個齒輪，最小的齒輪有 11 個齒，最大的齒輪有 32 個齒。

The number of cogs determines the so-called speed of the bike. 9 cogs means a 9-speed bike and so on.

齒輪的數量決定了所謂的自行車速度。9 個齒輪意味著 9 速自行車，以此類推。

The derailleurs are operated by the shifters on the handlebars.

變速器由車把上的換檔器操作。

The derailleurs shift the chain between the inner and outer ring on the front and the cogs on the cassette on the back.

變速器在前輪的內環和外環之間以及後輪的齒輪盒上的齒輪之間移動鏈條。

The front derailleur is operated by the left shifter and the rear derailleur by the right.

前變速器由左變速器操作，後變速器由右變速器操作。

So that's a bike's gears in a nutshell, but what about gear ratios?

這就是自行車齒輪的簡述，但齒輪比如何呢？

A gear ratio is expressed simply as the number of teeth on the chainring versus the number of teeth on the cog of the cassette the chain is currently sitting in.

齒輪比簡單地表示為鏈環上的齒數與鏈條目前所在的卡式齒盤上的齒數之比。

This then determines the number of rotations your rear wheel will make for one complete pedal stroke.

這就決定了後輪在一個完整踏板行程中的旋轉次數。

For example, if you are in the big ring on the front, let's say it's a 52, and the smallest cog on the back, let's say a 12, then the ratio is 52 to 12.

例如，如果你在前輪的大齒圈上，比方說是 52，而在後輪的最小齒圈上，比方說是 12，那麼比例就是 52 比 12。

Then you just divide the big ring number by the small ring, so 52 divided by 12, to give you the number of rotations.

然後用大環的數字除以小環的數字，比如 52 除以 12，就得出了旋轉次數。

So one turn of the pedals will result in 4.3 rotations of the wheel.

是以，踏板轉一圈，車輪就轉 4.3 圈。

That would be our biggest gear of course, with each pedal stroke resulting in the greatest distance travelled.

當然，這將是我們最大的檔位，每一次踩踏都會帶來最大的行駛距離。

The reverse is true in relation to the smallest gear.

With the chain in the small ring, a 36 for example, on the front, and the biggest cog on the back, say a 28, the result would be 36 divided by 28, giving us just 1.2 rotations of the wheel for one pedal stroke.

將鏈條放在小環上，例如前輪是 36，後輪是最大的齒輪，例如 28，結果就是 36 除以 28，踩一次踏板只讓車輪轉動 1.2 圈。

This gives us the least distance, but is ideal for climbing to help keep your cadence as high as possible.

這樣跑的距離最少，但非常適合爬坡，有助於保持儘可能高的步頻。

The moral of the story is obviously to get your gearing right next time you're in the market for a new bike.

這個故事的寓意很明顯，那就是下次在市場上購買新自行車時，一定要選擇合適的齒輪。

If you love climbing, then a compact or semi-compact setup will be best, while for races and rouleurs, a standard might be more appropriate.

如果您喜歡爬坡，那麼緊湊型或半緊湊型配置將是最佳選擇，而對於比賽和輪滑來說，標準型可能更合適。

It's a question of your preferred cadence as well.

Low cadence riders will prefer more traditional setups, while high cadence riders generally prefer more modern compacts.

低轉速車手會喜歡更傳統的設置，而高轉速車手一般喜歡更現代的緊湊型設置。

Having said that, Lance Armstrong was known as a high cadence rider, he generally liked to ride above 90 rpm, and he used a 22 teeth cassette on his standard setup for the hill climb on stage 11 at the 2001 Tour.

不過，蘭斯-阿姆斯特朗（Lance Armstrong）是出了名的高節奏車手，他一般喜歡在 90 rpm 以上的轉速下騎行，在 2001 年環湖賽第 11 賽段的爬坡賽中，他在標準配置上使用了 22 齒的卡帶。

He had used a 23 on the 13km climb, with an average gradient of 8%.

在平均坡度為 8%、全長 13 公里的爬坡路段上，他使用了 23 號賽車。