Name: 印度加強長達 50 年的剿滅毛派叛亂運動 | DW News (India ramps up 50-year campaign to crush Maoist insurgency | DW News)
Uploaded: 2025-07-22T16:54:41.000Z
Duration: 18 min 31 s

To India now, where the government is intensifying its decades-long campaign against left-wing Maoist insurgents.

現在，印度政府正在加緊開展長達數十年之久的打擊毛派左翼叛亂分子的行動。

Security forces are ramping up operations in the central state.

安全部隊正在中部各州加強行動。

分詞構句

In a recent offensive, 27 suspected rebels were killed, bringing the insurgent death toll to over 200 this year alone.

在最近的一次進攻中，27 名疑似叛亂分子被擊斃，使叛亂分子的死亡人數僅在今年就超過了 200 人。

Now, DW's Adil Bhatt traveled to the Bastar Forest in that region, where this war is reshaping the lives of India's most marginalized tribal communities.

現在，DW 的阿迪爾-巴特（Adil Bhatt）來到了該地區的巴斯塔森林，這場戰爭正在重塑印度最邊緣化的部落社區的生活。

This special police unit is patrolling in the heart of Chhattisgarh state in central India.

這支特種警察部隊正在印度中部恰蒂斯加爾邦的中心地帶巡邏。

Its mission is to track down Maoist insurgents locally known as the Naxals.

其任務是追蹤毛派叛亂分子，當地人稱之為納薩爾派。

Regular operations are now routine, aimed at crushing the decades-old insurgency.

現在，定期行動已成為例行公事，旨在粉碎長達數十年之久的叛亂活動。

Today, commando officer Sanjay Paul is leading the operation.

如今，突擊隊員桑傑-保羅正在上司這次行動。

He says the dense forest of Bastar district in Chhattisgarh are a perfect hiding place for Naxal fighters and their ambushes.

他說，恰蒂斯加爾邦巴斯塔地區的密林是納薩爾戰士及其埋伏的絕佳藏身之地。

We have received a tip-off about Naxal movement in the area.

我們收到了有關該地區納薩爾運動的線報。

Depending on the situation, we will search the entire area.

根據情況，我們將搜索整個區域。

We will return after taking the appropriate action.

我們將在採取適當行動後返回。

There is news of the presence of 20 to 30 Naxals in this area.

有消息稱，該地區有 20 到 30 名納薩爾派成員。

The Maoist movement in India started in 1967, when the villages of Naxalbari in the state of West Bengal rebelled against landowners.

印度的毛派運動始於 1967 年，當時西孟加拉邦納薩爾巴里的村莊反抗地主。

Since then, the Maoists have waged a shadow war with the Indian state.

從那時起，毛派就與印度國家展開了一場暗戰。

They claim to be fighting for the rights of marginalized indigenous groups.

他們聲稱要為邊緣化的土著群體爭取權利。

These Naxals were once farmers, fishermen and workers.

這些納薩爾人曾經是農民、漁民和工人。

The tribal community of India is the poorest.

They say their resources, water, forests and land are under threat by the state.

他們說，他們的資源、水、森林和土地正受到國家的威脅。

In early February, the Indian government promised to eliminate the Maoists by next year.

2 月初，印度政府承諾在明年之前消滅毛派分子。

For Sanjay, the fighters remain a persistent threat to national security.

在桑傑看來，戰鬥人員仍然是對國家安全的持續威脅。

Since this is a Naxal-dominated area, there is always a danger of ambush.

由於這裡是納薩爾派占主導地位的地區，隨時都有遭到伏擊的危險。

We have to tread carefully, as there are landmines and bombs planted in the region.

我們必須小心謹慎，因為該地區埋有地雷和炸彈。

We return to our base only after completing the military operation.

只有在完成軍事行動後，我們才能返回基地。

These operations have left a heavy toll on local indigenous communities.

這些行動給當地土著社區造成了慘重的損失。

The Adivasis, as they are called in India, live amid constant fear.

印度人稱之為 "阿迪瓦西人"，他們生活在持續的恐懼之中。

We travel deep into the forest of Bodga village.

After walking for hours through the jungle, we reach the village to meet families in mourning.

在叢林中走了幾個小時後，我們到達了村子，見到了正在哀悼的家庭。

Sukhli Ohm, mother of Ramesh, is remembering her son, who was killed by a bullet in a crossfire between security forces and Naxal insurgents last year.

拉梅什的母親蘇克麗-歐姆（Sukhli Ohm）緬懷她的兒子，去年在安全部隊與納薩爾叛亂分子的交火中，拉梅什不幸中彈身亡。

On that day, Ramesh, a farmer, was on his way to bathe in the river when the bullet hit him.

那天，農民拉梅什正在去河裡洗澡的路上，子彈擊中了他。

After my son's killing, we fear leaving our homes and my life has changed.

兒子被殺後，我們害怕離開家，我的生活也發生了變化。

Now, whenever the police enter our area, villagers like me hide inside their houses.

現在，每當警察進入我們的地區，像我這樣的村民就會躲進家裡。

During these encounters, our life comes to a halt.

在這些遭遇中，我們的生活戛然而止。

Thousands of families bear the scars of this decades-long insurgency.

數以千計的家庭承受著這場長達數十年的叛亂所帶來的創傷。

She takes us to her neighbour, Raji Ayan, who was shot in the back inside her house during the hunt for Maoists.

她帶我們來到她的鄰居拉吉-阿揚（Raji Ayan）家，她在追捕毛派分子的過程中背部中彈。

Raji tells us that commandos barge into her house, suspecting Naxals were inside and opened fire while she was feeding her child.

拉吉告訴我們，突擊隊員闖入她家，懷疑納薩爾派在裡面，並在她給孩子餵奶時開火。

After the injuries, my body isn't working.

受傷之後，我的身體就不聽使喚了。

I'm not able to farm or go to the jungle for work.

我不能種地，也不能去叢林工作。

My body has been almost paralysed by the injury and I'm barely able to walk.

受傷後，我的身體幾乎癱瘓，幾乎無法行走。

Whenever I go to the forest and see soldiers, I fear they might kill me.

每當我去森林裡看到阿兵哥，我都擔心他們會殺了我。

Locals say the line between insurgents and civilians has blurred and many accuse military and police units of failing to distinguish between the two.

當地人說，叛亂分子和平民之間的界限已經模糊，許多人指責軍隊和警察部隊未能區分兩者。

In the last 11 years, out of 11 states infested by Naxalism, now it is only left in three districts.

在過去的 11 年裡，納薩爾主義在 11 個邦中肆虐，現在只剩下三個縣。

Just mark my words that by March 31st next year, this country will be free from Naxalism.

請記住我的話，到明年 3 月 31 日，這個國家將擺脫納薩爾主義。

This hardline approach has triggered a wave of surrenders.

這種強硬手段引發了投降浪潮。

Today at this police station in Bastar district, a dozen Naxals have turned themselves in.

今天，在巴斯塔地區的這個警察局，有十幾名納薩爾派分子自首。

Some disillusioned, others exhausted and many drawn by promise of rehabilitation.

一些人幻想破滅，另一些人精疲力竭，還有許多人被康復的承諾所吸引。

Currently the government is having a new Naxal rehabilitation policy where they'll be given proper training and with regard to any of the trades that they would choose like driving or masonry or plumbing, electrician work or anything that they are interested in, stitching or anything.

目前，政府正在制定一項新的納薩爾康復政策，將對他們進行適當的培訓，培訓內容涉及他們所選擇的任何行業，如駕駛、泥瓦匠、管道工、電工或他們感興趣的任何工作，如縫紉或任何其他工作。

So it's a three-month program where their skills would be developed and they'll be given a monthly stipend.

是以，這是一個為期三個月的項目，他們的技能將得到發展，每月還將獲得津貼。

Since 2020, more than 1,000 Maoists, including those with a bounty on their heads, have surrendered in this region alone.

自 2020 年以來，僅在這一地區就有超過 1000 名毛派分子投降，其中包括那些懸賞捉拿的毛派分子。

Among them is Amit Barsa, a former Maoist insurgent who spent 12 years on the frontlines.

其中包括阿米特-巴爾薩（Amit Barsa），他曾是毛派叛亂分子，在前線戰鬥了 12 年。

He says the movement is weakening, crippled by a lack of funds and weapons.

他說，由於缺乏資金和武器，該運動正日漸衰弱。

Disillusioned by the hardships, he finally gave up the gun.

艱苦的生活讓他心灰意冷，最終放棄了槍支。

I surrendered at a time when the situation is very critical.

我是在形勢非常危急的時候投降的。

The police are deployed deep inside the forest and you cannot survive in such an environment.

警察部署在森林深處，在這樣的環境中你根本無法生存。

I joined the Naxal movement because I was influenced by Maoist ideology.

我參加納薩爾運動是因為我受到了毛主義思想的影響。

I received an education in Maoist Leninist philosophy and that made me aware of the state and class differences between the rich and the poor.

我接受的是毛澤東列寧主義哲學教育，這使我意識到國家和貧富之間的階級差異。

The number of fighters hiding in these jungles is now dwindling.

躲藏在這些叢林中的戰士人數正在減少。

Yet the government's campaign to eradicate the Naxalite movement is seen as controversial.

然而，政府剷除納薩爾派運動的行動卻飽受爭議。

And the security forces are often accused of human rights abuses and arbitrary arrests.

安全部隊經常被指控侵犯人權和任意逮捕。

Lawyer Bela Bhatia represents the region's indigenous Adivasi people.

貝拉-巴蒂亞（Bela Bhatia）律師是該地區土著阿迪瓦西人的代表。

In their claims of human rights violations by the state.

他們聲稱國家侵犯了他們的人權。

And so it's now, you know, nearly two decades of very intense kind of a warfare where the Adivasis here have seen the worst kind of human rights violations, you know, that have taken place here.

是以，在近二十年的激烈戰爭中，這裡的阿迪瓦西人目睹了最嚴重的侵犯人權行為。

They have seen the deaths at close quarters.

They have seen sexual assault, you know, rape.

他們見過性侵犯，你知道的，強姦。

Houses being burnt, not in one or two villages, but hundreds of villages.

房屋被燒燬的不是一兩個村莊，而是數百個村莊。

Back in the village, Sukhli Oyem carries her grief in silence.

回到村裡後，蘇赫莉-奧耶姆默默承受著悲痛。

Her son is gone and so is her trust in both sides of this long brutal conflict.

她的兒子不在了，她對這場長期殘酷衝突的雙方的信任也不在了。

We are joined by DWU reporter Adia Bhat, who is back in Delhi and speaking with us now.

DWU 記者阿迪婭-巴特（Adia Bhat）回到了德里，正在接受我們的採訪。

You've talked to other indigenous people whose rights the rebels claim to be defending.

你和其他原住民談過，叛軍聲稱要捍衛他們的權利。

Do the majority of them want the conflict to end?

他們中的大多數人希望衝突結束嗎？

You know, everyone we met on the ground, you know, we were talking about, you know, wants an end to this long and brutal conflict.

你知道，我們在當地遇到的每個人都在談論，希望結束這場漫長而殘酷的衝突。

Even for the last six decades, people have suffered in this ongoing insurgency.

甚至在過去的六十年裡，人們一直在這場持續不斷的叛亂中受苦受難。

And almost like we have 12,000 civilians, security personnel and Naxal fighters have been killed.

差不多有 1.2 萬名平民、安全人員和納薩爾戰士被殺害。

So, Sarah, what's happening in recent years is that regular military operations have a huge human cost.

是以，薩拉，近年來發生的情況是，常規軍事行動需要付出巨大的人力代價。

And we visited a village in Basta region and then also to the Sarami forest to meet the locals to understand the consequences of these ongoing military operations that they have to pay.

我們訪問了巴斯塔地區的一個村莊，然後還去了薩拉米森林，與當地人見面，以瞭解他們不得不為這些正在進行的軍事行動付出的代價。

And when we went there and we met those villagers, what we saw was that there are hundreds of families who lost their loved ones mostly in crossfires.

當我們去到那裡，見到那些村民時，我們看到的是，有數百個家庭在交火中失去了他們的親人。

We also met locals who alleged that they have lost their family members in fake encounters.

我們還遇到了當地人，他們聲稱自己的家人在假遭遇戰中喪生。

And on the ground, we got a sense there's a lot of resentment among the people.

在當地，我們感覺到人們有很多怨恨。

And many told us they have never received any compensation for their loss of human or material loss.

許多人告訴我們，他們從未得到過任何人員或物質損失賠償。

Apart from these families that we have that you already saw in the report, there were many others who narrated their experience in the conflict.

除了你們已經在報告中看到的這些家庭之外，還有許多其他家庭講述了他們在衝突中的經歷。

I remember, you know, one grieving father who traveled six hours just on foot to meet us.

我記得，有一位悲痛欲絕的父親徒步六個小時來見我們。

And he told us that I just want to know the world story of my son.

他告訴我們，我只想知道我兒子的世界故事。

And he said to us, like, whenever you go back to Delhi, please take our story and people should know.

他對我們說，無論你什麼時候回德里，都請把我們的故事帶回去，讓人們知道。

And he said that security forces have killed his son, who had nothing to do with Naxalism, when he was working on his farm.

他還說，安全部隊殺害了他的兒子，而他的兒子當時正在農場工作，與納薩爾主義毫無關係。

So these are stories that we witnessed on the field.

是以，這些都是我們在現場目睹的故事。

And they have sparked a lot of concerns, usually among civilian society members.

它們引發了許多擔憂，通常是民間社會成員的擔憂。

And we spoke with one lawyer and human rights activist there.

我們在那裡採訪了一位律師和人權活動家。

She told us that these relentless state-backed counterinsurgency operations have turned busted forests into war zones, where villagers continue to face brutal state violence and the people live in constant fear.

她告訴我們，國家支持的這些無情的反叛亂行動已經把破敗的森林變成了戰區，村民們繼續面對殘酷的國家暴力，人們生活在持續的恐懼之中。

So she also said one important thing that I still remember.

是以，她還說了一句重要的話，我至今記憶猶新。

She said that this conflict has turned buster into a graveyard.

她說，這場衝突把 Buster 變成了墓地。

I kind of got a sense that people are really miserable out there.

我有種感覺，外面的人真的很可憐。

And they told us that they don't even have a way out of the situation, how to come out of the situation.

他們告訴我們，他們甚至沒有擺脫困境的辦法，也不知道如何擺脫困境。