Name: 歴史學者だけど「古代ギリシャ」について質問ある？ (歴史学者だけど「古代ギリシャ」について質問ある？| Tech Support | WIRED Japan)
Uploaded: 2025-07-18T18:55:17.000Z
Duration: 21 min 6 s

大家好，我是保羅-克里斯特森教授。

Let's answer your questions from the internet.

讓我們從互聯網上回答您的問題。

Adzugati69, so did ancient Greeks really just walk around naked all the time?

Adzugati69，那麼古希臘人真的一直光著身子走來走去嗎？

Or are the people who made those statues and paintings just super horny?

還是製作這些雕像和繪畫的人只是超級好色？

The Greeks did not walk around naked all the time.

希臘人並不是一直赤身裸體地走來走去。

But the one time that it was socially acceptable to be nude in public was when we're working out in a gym.

但有一次，在公共場合裸體是可以被社會接受的，那就是我們在健身房鍛鍊的時候。

And in fact, that comes from a good Greek word, gymnasion, literally the nude place.

事實上，"裸體 "一詞來源於希臘語 "gymnasion"，字面意思是 "裸體的地方"。

So they're not enthusiasts for public nudity by any stretch of the imagination.

所以，無論如何，他們都不是公眾裸體的愛好者。

Really fit bodies were a sign of being sound of character.

健美的身材是健全人格的標誌。

Like you were a good moral person if you were in really good physical condition.

比如，如果你的身體狀況非常好，你就是一個道德高尚的人。

And you wanted to see their body so you could tell that they were in great physical shape so they needed to be nude.

你想看到他們的身體，這樣你就能知道他們的身體狀況很好，所以他們需要裸體。

At BitesizeDancy1, how accurate is the movie 300?

在 BitesizeDancy1，電影《300》有多準確？

The movie 300 is pretty accurate in a lot of ways.

電影《300》在很多方面都非常準確。

A lot of it's embellishment, but there are some things which are pretty much right on the mark.

其中很多都是美化，但也有一些東西是非常正確的。

The film is based on a graphic novel by Frank Miller.

影片根據弗蘭克-米勒的漫畫小說改編。

The single most famous scene, the Persian ambassador comes to Sparta and asks for earth and water.

最有名的一幕是，波斯使者來到斯巴達，要求得到土和水。

The Spartans did throw the ambassador in a well.

斯巴達人確實把大使扔進了井裡。

There are Spartan boys being sent out into the wilderness on their own with very little equipment.

有一些斯巴達男孩被派往荒野，只帶了很少的裝備。

Spartans had conquered a big swath of territory around Sparta and enslaved the local inhabitants who were called Helots.

斯巴達人征服了斯巴達周圍的大片領土，並奴役了被稱為赫洛特人的當地居民。

The Helots were understandably very upset about this and were a constant security threat to the Spartans.

可以理解的是，赫洛特人對此非常不滿，並一直對斯巴達人的安全構成威脅。

The Spartans had something called the Krypteia.

斯巴達人有一種叫做 "Krypteia "的東西。

It seems like the secret thing where boys were sent out into the countryside.

這似乎是男孩們被送到鄉下的祕密事情。

Their goal was to go terrorize the Helots.

他們的目標是去恐嚇赫洛特人。

The movie 300 tends to glorify the Spartans and tell the really positive side of the story about how brave and well-trained they were, what great soldiers they were.

電影《300》傾向於美化斯巴達人，講述他們是多麼勇敢、訓練有素，是多麼偉大的阿兵哥等正面故事。

It doesn't tell the story of the regular oppression and violence that the Spartans used to control the Helots.

它沒有講述斯巴達人用來控制赫洛特人的常規壓迫和暴力的故事。

Adgeo Honcho, if Alexander the Great was so great, why did he die at 32?

Adgeo Honcho，如果亞歷山大大帝如此偉大，為什麼他 32 歲就死了？

I'm not sure we can make fun of him for dying at age 32.

我不知道我們是否可以嘲笑他 32 歲就去世。

He didn't have a lot of choice in the matter.

在這件事上，他沒有太多選擇。

Alexander started fighting in major battles very early around age 16.

亞歷山大 16 歲左右就開始參加重大戰役。

By the time he was 32, he had been wounded at least a dozen times.

在他 32 歲時，他至少負傷十幾次。

So he wasn't like he was in great shape physically.

所以他的身體狀況並不是很好。

He had been fairly beaten up over the course of his relatively short lifetime.

在他相對短暫的一生中，他受到了相當多的打擊。

Alexander spent a lot of time doing a lot of heavy drinking.

Alexander had been drinking heavily for the previous three or four days.

亞歷山大在之前的三四天裡喝了很多酒。

And if you combine that with the malaria, you can see why he might've died young.

如果再加上瘧疾，你就能理解他為什麼會英年早逝了。

Ad by Brandon White wants to know, was there a huge outdoor statue of Athena in the ancient Greek Acropolis like in Assassin's Creed?

布蘭登-懷特的廣告想知道，古希臘衛城中是否有像《刺客信條》中那樣巨大的戶外雅典娜雕像？

This clip is actually a really good reconstruction of the Acropolis around say like 440 BCE.

這個片段實際上是對雅典衛城公元前 440 年左右的一個非常好的重建。

The Acropolis was a big rock in the middle of the city where the major religious sanctuaries were.

雅典衛城是城市中央的一塊大石頭，主要的宗教聖地都在這裡。

On top of that rock was a huge bronze statue that had been made by the sculptor Phidias showing Athena.

岩石頂上有一座巨大的青銅雕像，是雕刻家菲迪亞斯為雅典娜製作的。

This statue was called the Athena Promachos, battle-ready Athena.

這座雕像被稱為雅典娜-普羅馬科斯（Athena Promachos），即隨時準備戰鬥的雅典娜。

We can see on the left side, one of the temples called the Erechtheion and on the right side, the Parthenon.

我們可以看到左側是一座名為埃瑞克提翁（Erechtheion）的神廟，右側是帕臺農神廟（Parthenon）。

We have this idea sometimes that Greek temples were all pure white, but we actually know that's not true.

我們有時會認為希臘的神廟都是純白色的，但實際上我們知道事實並非如此。

They used a special wax-based paint, especially bright blue and bright red.

他們使用了一種特殊的蠟基塗料，尤其是亮藍色和亮紅色。

The reason why we might think these temples are white is that most of the paint has flaked off.

我們之所以會認為這些寺廟是白色的，是因為大部分油漆已經剝落。

At existentialcoms asks, actually, according to the ancient Greeks who invented Western civilization, everyone should fuck each other all the time.

在 existentialcoms 問，實際上，根據發明了西方文明的古希臘人的觀點，每個人都應該一直互相操逼。

So Greeks were very big on being married.

So the assumption was that every adult, male or female, would be married.

是以，假定每個成年人，無論男女，都會結婚。

That doesn't mean that you only had sex with the person to whom you were married.

這並不意味著你只和與你結婚的人發生過性關係。

So especially for men, also had an active sexual life in addition to that.

是以，特別是對於男性來說，除此之外，還要有活躍的性生活。

The Greeks were very open to same-sex relationships.

So for them, the best form of same-sex relationship among men involved an older man who was married and had a family with a teenage boy, which we would consider to be a felony, but the Greeks thought was a good idea because the older male would serve as a mentor for the younger male in the relationship.

是以，對他們來說，男人之間最好的同性關係形式是一個年長的男人與一個十幾歲的男孩結婚成家，我們會認為這是一種重罪，但希臘人卻認為這是一個好主意，因為年長的男人在這段關係中會成為年輕男人的導師。

It was perfectly acceptable, at least in some times and places in the Greek world, for a married woman to have a sexual relationship with a teenage girl.

至少在希臘世界的某些時代和地方，已婚婦女與少女發生性關係是完全可以接受的。

And we have some poetry written by a woman named Sappho with two women expressing their sexual desire for each other.

我們還看到一位名叫薩福（Sappho）的女性寫的一些詩歌，其中有兩位女性表達了她們對彼此的性渴望。

At AndyDoodle56, so why am I being assigned to read some long-ass poem written by the dad from the Simpsons?

在 AndyDoodle56，為什麼我被安排朗讀辛普森一家的爸爸寫的長詩？

The dad from the Simpsons is Homer Simpson.

辛普森一家》中的爸爸是荷馬-辛普森。

And so what we're thinking about here is Homer.

所以，我們現在考慮的是荷馬。

Homer was a very famous Greek poet around 700 BCE.

荷馬是公元前 700 年左右非常著名的希臘詩人。

And he wrote two very long poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey.

他還寫了兩首很長的詩，即《伊利亞特》和《奧德賽》。

The Iliad's a story about war, but really telling the story of Achilles, who's the big hero in the poem.

伊利亞特》是一個關於戰爭的故事，但實際上講述的是阿基里斯的故事，他是詩中的大英雄。

Achilles knows that he has very short time to live.

And he spends a lot of time thinking, like if you know you're going to die, what is worth living for?

他花了很多時間思考，比如如果你知道自己會死，那活著還有什麼意義？

That's a big question pretty much every human being has to face.

這幾乎是每個人都必須面對的大問題。

And Homer in the Iliad tries to give you some answers.

荷馬在《伊利亞特》中試圖給你一些答案。

The Odyssey is about someone named Odysseus coming home from war.

奧德賽》講述的是一個名叫奧德修斯的人從戰場回家的故事。

And what is it like to come home from a war and try to reestablish your family life?

從戰場上回到家裡，試圖重建家庭生活是一種什麼樣的體驗？

At one point, a goddess offers to make him immortal as long as he stays with her.

有一次，一位女神提出，只要他和她在一起，就能讓他長生不老。

And Odysseus says, listen, I gotta go home.

奧德修斯說，聽著，我得回家了。

I have to be home, even if it costs me my life.

我必須回家，哪怕付出生命的代價。

The reason your teachers are gonna sign these things in part is because they're really important documents about how ancient Greeks thought and saw the world, but also because they're asking us important questions and encouraging us to think about things that you're going to have to think about at some point sooner or later.

你們的老師之所以會在這些東西上簽名，一方面是因為它們是關於古希臘人如何思考和看待世界的重要文獻，另一方面也是因為它們在向我們提出重要的問題，鼓勵我們思考一些你們遲早都要思考的問題。

At Golden Yofa asks, what's worse, the fact that my draft folder was deleted or the burning of the library of Alexandria?

戈爾登-約法問，是我的草稿文件夾被刪除了，還是亞歷山大圖書館被燒燬了？

What's in your draft folder would be a great question.

Maybe there's something really profound in there that the world is now gonna miss and can't be reproduced.

也許其中蘊含著真正深刻的東西，而這些東西現在已被世人所遺忘，無法再現。

Alexander the Great conquered big stretches of territory, including Egypt, 200 or 300,000 Greeks emigrated.

亞歷山大大帝征服了包括埃及在內的大片領土，二三十萬希臘人移居國外。

They were worried about losing their Greek culture.

So they built a big Greek cultural center in Alexandria in Egypt.

於是，他們在埃及的亞歷山大城建立了一個大型希臘文化中心。

And part of that cultural center was a big, very famous library, which eventually was destroyed.

該文化中心的一部分是一個非常著名的大型圖書館，但最終被摧毀了。

There's a lot of stories that the library of Alexandria burned down at some point.

有很多故事都說亞歷山大圖書館在某一時刻被燒燬了。

The modern scholarship now thinks that the library never really got burnt.

現代學術界認為，圖書館從未真正被燒燬過。

It just sort of fell apart over the course of time because it wasn't properly maintained.

由於沒有得到適當的維護，隨著時間的推移，它逐漸坍塌了。

The exact details are not very well known, but it collected a huge number of very valuable books.

具體細節並不十分清楚，但它收集了大量非常有價值的書籍。

So I'm gonna guess that the library of Alexandria collectively was probably more important than your draft folder.

所以我猜亞歷山大圖書館可能比你的草稿文件夾更重要。

At Wilster asks, why did the ancient Greeks place a coin in the mouth of those who died?

威爾斯特問道，古希臘人為什麼要在死者口中放一枚硬幣？

字幕列表影片播放

歴史學者だけど「古代ギリシャ」について質問ある？ (歴史学者だけど「古代ギリシャ」について質問ある？| Tech Support | WIRED Japan)

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