and making a difference starts with telling their stories.

想讓現況開始改變 得先了解他們的故事

So when I meet refugees I always ask them questions.

所以 每當我與難民見面 總是會先問他們

Who bombed your house?

是誰炸了你們家?

Who killed your son?

是誰殺了你兒子?

Did the rest of your family make it out alive?

其他家人有活下來嗎?

How are you coping in your life in exile?

你如何適應你的流亡生活?

But there's one question that always seems to me to be most revealing, and that is:

有個問題最能讓我了解他們 那就是

What did you take?

你帶走了什麼?

What was that most important thing that you had to take with you when the bombs were exploding in your town

城鎮受轟炸 武裝分子接近你家時

and the armed gangs were approaching your house?

你帶走了哪件最重要的東西?

A Syrian refugee boy I know told me that

有個敘利亞的男孩跟我說

he didn't hesitate when his life was in imminent danger.

他在生死關頭 毫無猶豫

He took his high school diploma,

帶走了他的高中畢業證書

and later he told me why.

後來他有告訴我原因

He said, “I took my high school diploma because my life depended on it.”

他說 我的人生就靠這張畢業證書

And he would risk his life to get that diploma.

冒著生命危險也要拿到這張學歷

On his way to school, he would dodge snipers.

上學路上 要閃避狙擊手

His classroom sometimes shook with the sound of bombs and shelling.

上課時 三不五時就能聽到炸彈與砲擊聲

And his mother told me,

他媽媽跟我說:

Everyday I would say to him every morning

每天早上我都跟他說

Honey, please don't go to school.

親愛的 別去上學吧

And when he insisted, she said,

但他堅持要去 媽媽說

I would hug him as if it were for the last time.

我會擁抱他 就像永別一樣

But he said to his mother,

他向媽媽說

We're all afraid,

我們都很害怕

but our determination to graduate is stronger than our fear.

但我們畢業的決心 比恐懼更強烈

But one day, the family got terrible news.

有天 這家人收到駭人的消息

Hany's aunt, his uncle and his cousin

Hany的阿姨一家人

were murdered in their homes for refusing to leave their house.

因為拒絕離開房子 在家中被屠殺了

Their throats were slit.

喉嚨被人劃開

It was time to flee.

該是逃亡的時候了

They left that day, right away, in their car,

就在那天 他們馬上開車離開

Hany hidden in the back because they were facing checkpoints of menacing soldiers.

Hany躲在後車廂 躲避一道道危險軍人的檢查哨

And they would cross the border into Lebanon,

穿過邊界 進入黎巴嫩

where they would find peace.

就能找到和平

But they would begin a life of grueling hardship and monotony.

他們的人生會面臨苛政與獨裁

They had no choice but to build a shack on the side of a muddy field,

他們只能在泥地旁搭起簡陋棚屋

and this is Hany's brother Ashraf, who plays outside.

這是Hany的弟弟Ashraf 他正在外頭玩

And that day, they joined the biggest population of refugees in the world,

這天 他們加入了世上人口最多的難民族群

in a country, Lebanon, that is tiny.

在黎巴嫩這小小的國家中

It only has 4 million citizens,

只有四百萬個國民

and there are 1 million Syrian refugees living there.

另外還有一百萬名敘利亞難民住在這裡

There's not a town, a city or a village that is not host to Syrian refugees.

沒有一個城鎮 村莊沒收容什葉派難民

This is generosity and humanity that is remarkable.

這種慷慨大方的人道主義值得表揚

Think about it this way, proportionately.

換個方式想 這比例就像是

It would be as if the entire population of Germany, 80 million people,

德國的總人口 八千萬人

would flee to the United States in just 3 years.

全都在三年內逃到美國一樣

Half of the entire population of Syria is now uprooted,

現在有一半的什葉人離鄉背井

most of them inside the country. Six and a half million people had fled for their lives.

國內大部分的人 650萬的人為了保命而逃亡

Over and well over 3 million people have crossed the borders

越過邊界的人口超過 甚至遠多於三百萬

and have found sanctuary in the neighboring countries,

他們在鄰國找到避難所

and only a small proportion, as you see, have moved on to Europe.

如你所見 只有少數人移居歐洲

What I find most worrying is that

我發現 最令人擔心的是

half of all Syrian refugees are children.

有一半的什葉難民是孩童

I took this picture of this little girl.

我幫這小女孩拍了張照

It was just two hours after she had arrived after a long trek from Syria into Jordan.

兩個小時前 她才剛完成從什葉到約旦的長途旅行

And most troubling of all

最糟糕的是

is that only 20 percent of Syrian refugee children are in school in Lebanon.

黎巴嫩內 只有20%的難民孩童有去上學

And yet, Syrian refugee children, all refugee children tell us,

而且 全部的什葉難民孩童都跟我們說

education is the most important thing in their lives.

教育是他們人生中 最重要的事

Why?

為什麼呢?

Because it allows them to think of their future rather than the nightmare of their past.

因為教育能讓他們想到未來 揮別過去的夢魘

It allows them to think of hope rather than hatred.

讓他們擁有希望 而非仇恨

I'm reminded of a recent visit I took to a Syrian refugee camp in northern Iraq,

最近 我去過北伊拉克的什葉難民營

and I met this girl, and I thought, she's beautiful,

我遇見了這女孩 我覺得 她很美

and I went up to her and asked her, “Can I take your picture?”

我走上前 問她說: 可以為妳拍張照嗎?

And she said yes,

她答應了

but she refused to smile.

但她拒絕露出笑容

I think she couldn't,

我想 是她做不到

because I think she must realize that she represents a lost generation of Syrian refugee children,

可能她知道 自己正代表什葉難民孩童這個失落的世代

a generation isolated and frustrated.

一個孤獨而挫折的世代

And yet, look at what they fled:

但 看看他們逃離了什麼:

utter destruction, buildings, industries,

完全毀損的建築 工廠

schools, roads, homes.

學校 道路 還有家

Hany's home was also destroyed.

Hany的家也被毀了

This will need to be rebuilt

這些會需要重建

by architects, by engineers, by electricians.

需要建築師 工程師 電器技師的幫忙

Communities will need teachers and lawyers

社會將會需要老師 律師

and politicians interested in reconciliation and not revenge.

還有訴求和解而非復仇的政治家

Shouldn't this be rebuilt by the people with the largest stake,

重建 不是該由最主要的利益關係者

the societies in exile, the refugees?

也就是這些流亡難民來進行嗎?

Refugees have a lot of time to prepare for their return.

難民有很多時間來準備回歸家園

You might imagine that being a refugee is just a temporary state

你們可能覺得 逃亡只是暫時的

Well, far from it.

事情可不是這樣

With wars going on and on,

隨著戰爭不斷持續

the average time a refugee will spend in exile is 17 years.

平均一位難民會流亡17年

Hany was into his second year in limbo when I went to visit him recently,

我最近去拜訪Hany時 他流亡第二年了

and we conducted our entire conversation in English,

我們對話完全是以英語進行

which he confessed to me he learned from reading all of Dan Brown's novels

他對我招認 他的英文 是從丹布朗的小說學來的

and from listening to American rap.

還有美國饒舌歌曲

We also spent some nice moments of laughter and fun with his beloved brother Ashraf.

我們也和他親愛的弟弟Ashraf愉快地聊了些天

But I'll never forget what he told me when we ended our conversation that day.

但我永遠忘不了那天談話結束後 他跟我說的話

He said to me,

他跟我說

“If I am not a student, I am nothing.”

如果我不是學生的話 就什麼也不是了

Hany is one of 50 million people uprooted in this world today.

Hany只是世上五千萬名離鄉背井的難民之一

Never have since World War II have so many people been forcibly displaced.

二次戰後以來 首次有這麼多人被迫離開家園

So while we're making sweeping progress in human health,

現在人類醫學有這麼大的進步

in technology, in education and design,

科技 教育 還有設計也是

we are doing dangerously little to help the victims

但對於難民 我們的付出卻少得可憐

and we're doing far too little to stop and prevent the wars that are driving them from their homes.

對於終止戰爭 讓難民不再流亡 我們幾乎什麼都沒做

And there are more and more victims.

而受害者 是越來越多

Everyday, on average, by the end of this day,

平均每天 就在今天結束之前

32,000 people will be forcibly displaced from their homes.

會有32000人被迫離開家園

32,000 people.

有32000人呀

They flee across borders like this one.

他們像這樣逃過國界

We captured this on the Syrian border to Jordan,

這是在什葉與約旦的邊界拍的

and this is a typical day.

這只是普通的日常

Or they flee on unseaworthy and overcrowded boats,

他們擠在經不起風浪的船上出海逃亡

risking their lives, in this case, just to reach safety in Europe.

冒著生命危險 只為了能到達安全的歐洲

This Syrian young man survived one of these boats that capsized,

這名什葉青年 在翻船後 幸運存活下來

most of the people drowned,

但大部分人都溺死了

and he told us,

他告訴我們

“Syrians are just looking for a quiet place,

什葉人只是想找個安靜的地方

where nobody hurts you,

找個不會受傷害

where nobody humiliates you

不會受羞辱

and where nobody kills you”

不會被人殺害的地方

Well I think that should be the minimum.

我想 這是最低限度的要求吧

How about a place of healing, of learning, and even opportunity?

那醫療 學習 甚至工作機會呢?

You know, Americans and Europeans have the impression that,

你知道 美國人和歐洲人有種印象是

proportionally huge numbers of refugees are coming to their country.

大部分的難民都逃亡到他們的國家

But the reality is

但 事實上

that 86 percent, vast majority of refugees, are living in the developing world.

有86%的難民 都是住在發展中國家

In countries struggling with their own insecurity,

這些國家 有他們自己的安全問題

with their own issues of helping their own populations and poverty.

也面臨著人口過多及貧窮

So wealthy countries in the world should recognize

世上富裕的國家 應該要知道

the humanity and the generosity of the countries that are hosting so many refugees

這些貧窮國家收容那麼多難民 是多麼慷慨大方有人性

And all countries should make sure that no one fleeing war and persecution arrives at a closed border.

所有國家應該確保 難民逃離戰亂迫害時 不會受阻於封閉國界

Thank you.

謝謝

But there's something more that we can do than just simply helping refugees survive.

除了幫助難民生存以外 我們還有更多能做的

We can help them thrive.

我們能幫助他們茁壯

We should think of refugee camps and communities as more than just temporary population centers,

難民營及難民社區應該不只是暫時收容所

where people languish waiting for the war to end.

人們在裡頭苦等戰爭結束

Rather, as centers of excellence,

而應成為卓越的中心

where refugees can triumph over their trauma

難民能在裡頭戰勝苦痛

and train for the day that they can go home

為了返家之日 訓練自己

as agents of positive change and social transformation.

成為社會正向改造的專員

It makes so much sense,

這意義多麼重大呀

but I'm reminded of the terrible war in Somalia

我想起索馬利亞可怕的戰爭

that has been raging on for 22 years.

已經持續22年了

And imagine living in this camp.

想像著 難民營裡的生活

I've visited this camp. It's in Djibouti, neighboring Somalia,

我曾拜訪過難民營 那是在索馬利亞旁的吉布地

and it was so remote that we had to take a helicopter to fly there.

那裡偏遠到我們得坐直升機前往

It was dusty and it was terribly hot.

滿是灰塵 而且熱得要命

And we went to visit the school

然後我們去參觀學校

and started talking to the children, and then I saw this girl across the room

開始跟孩子們聊天後 我注意到房間對面的女孩

who looked to me to be the same age as my own daughter, and I went up and talked to her.

她看著我 年紀和我女兒差不多 於是我走上前和她說話

And I asked her the questions that grown-ups ask kids, like,

問了她那些大人會問小孩的問題 像是

“What is your favourite subject?”

你最喜歡什麼科目呀?

and “What do you want to be when you grow up?”

你長大想做什麼呢?

And this is when her face turned blank,

聽到這問題 她表情一片茫然

and she said to me,

她跟我說

“I have no future. My schooling days are over.”

我沒有未來 我不能繼續上學了

And I thought there must be some misunderstanding, so I turned to my colleague

我想這其中一定有些誤會 所以我轉向我同事

and she confirmed to me there is no funding for secondary education in this camp.

同事跟我說 這難民營裡沒有資金來提供中等教育了

And how I wished at that moment that I could say to her,

這一刻 我多麼希望能跟那女孩說

“We will build you a school.”

我們會為妳蓋間學校

And I also thought, what a waste.

同時我也想著 多麼可惜呀

She should be and she is the future of Somalia.

她應該是 也就是索馬利亞的未來

A boy named Jacob Atem had a different chance,

一名叫Jacob Atem的男孩有不同的命運

but not before he experienced terrible tragedy.

但是在他遭遇可怕的悲劇之後

He watched, this is in Sudan,

這是在蘇丹 他看著

as his village, he was only seven years old,burned to the ground,

他的村莊 被徹底燒光 當時他才七歲

and he learned that his mother and his father and his entire family were killed that day.

他知道 他爸媽 還有全家 都死於那天

Only his cousin survived and the two of them walked for 7 months,

只有他表弟還活著 他們兩人一起走了七個月

this is boys like him,

就像這些男孩一樣

chased and pursued by wild animals and armed gangs,

被野生動物還有武裝分子追逐獵殺

and they finally made it to refugee camps where they found safety,

最後 他們終於到達難民營 找到安全

and he would spend the next 7 years in Kenya in a refugee camp.

接下來七年 他應該待在肯亞的難民營中

But his life changed when he got the chance to be resettled to the United States,

但他得到機會 被安置在美國 人生因此改變了

and he found love in a foster family

他在撫養家庭中找到了親情

and he was able to go to school.

而且他能夠去上學了

And he wanted me to share with you this proud moment

他想要我和你們分享這光榮的一刻

when he graduated from university.

他從大學畢業了

I spoke to him on Skype the other day

我有天和他用SKYPE通話

and he was in his new university in Florida,

他正在另一所佛羅里達州的大學

pursuing his PhD in public health.

攻讀公共健康博士學位

And he proudly told me how he was able to raise enough funds from the American public

他很驕傲地跟我說 他能向美國大眾募集到足夠資金

to establish a health clinic back in his village back home.

在他家鄉的村莊建立一間診所

So I want to take you back to Hany.

我想再回來談談Hany

When I told him I was going to have the chance to speak to you here on the TED stage,

我跟他說 我有機會站在TED講台上和你們分享

he allowed me to read you a poem that he sent in an email to me.

他用EMAIL寄給我一首他寫的詩 讓我讀給你們聽

He wrote,

他寫道

“I miss myself, my friends,

我想念我自己 我的朋友

times of reading novels or writing poems,

想念讀小說及寫詩的時光

birds and tea in the morning.

想念早晨的茶 以及小鳥們

My room, my books,

想念我的房間 我的書

myself,

還有我自己

and everything that was making me smile.

這一切都令我微笑

Oh, oh, I had so many dreams that were about to be realized.”

噢 當時我有好多夢想都快要實現

So here's my point:

以下是我的觀點:

Not investing in refugees is a huge missed opportunity.

不投資難民的話 會失去很多很多機會

Leave them abandoned and they risk exploitation and abuse,

任由他們被遺棄 受到剝削與暴力威脅

and leave them unskilled and uneducated,

坐視他們無法接受教育 無一技之長

and delay by years the return to peace and prosperity in their countries.

虛度好幾年 才能回到和平卻貧窮的祖國

I believe how we treat the uprooted will shape the future of our world.

我相信 我們對待難民的方法 能改變這世界的未來

The victims of war can hold the keys to lasting peace,

戰爭受害者手中能握有通往最後一絲和平的鑰匙

and it's the refugees who can stop the cycle of violence.

能終止暴力循環的 就是這些難民

Hany is at a tipping point.

Hany是個轉捩點

We would love to help him go to university and to become an engineer,

我們很樂意幫助他上大學 當工程師

but our funds are prioritize for the basics in life,

但我們的資金是優先供給基本的生存物資

tents and blankets and mattresses and kitchen sets,

像是帳篷 毛毯 床墊 廚具

food rations and a bit of medicine.

食物 還有一些藥物等等

University is a luxury.

大學是項奢侈品

But leave him to languish in this muddy field

但如果坐視他被困在這塊泥濘地中

and he will become a member of a lost generation.

他就會成為失落世代中的一員

Hany's story is a tragedy,

Hany的故事 是個悲劇

but it doesn't have to end that way.

但結局不是一定只能這樣

Thank you.

謝謝