Name: 凡爾賽宮 - 法國 - 完整旅遊指南 - 旅行與探索 (Palace Of Versailles - France - Full Tourist Guide - Travel & DIscover)
Uploaded: 2025-06-22T16:01:35.000Z
Duration: 52 min 56 s

The Palace of Versailles was the principal residence of the French kings from the time of Louis XIV to Louis XVI.

凡爾賽宮是路易十四至路易十六時期法國國王的主要居所。

Embellished by several generations of architects, it provided Europe with a model of the ideal royal residence for over a century.

經過幾代建築師的精心修飾，它在一個多世紀的時間裡為歐洲提供了理想的王室宅邸典範。

關係子句

The first mention of Versailles appeared in 1038 in the Deeds of Saint-Père Abbey at Chartres, which bore, among others, the signature of a certain Hugo de Versailles.

關於凡爾賽的首次記載出現在1038年的沙特爾聖佩爾修道院契約中，其中有一位名叫雨果-德-凡爾賽的人的簽名。

The foundation of the seigniory, and of the parish church dedicated to Saint Julian, most probably dates back to this period.

主教轄區和供奉聖朱利安的教區教堂很可能就是在這一時期建立的。

Louis XIV rarely visited Versailles, but once married, he brought the Queen and the court there.

路易十四很少去凡爾賽，但一旦結婚，他就會把王后和宮廷帶到那裡。

The first gateway is flanked on the right by the statue of the victories of Louis XIV over the Empire by Gaspard Marcy.

第一道大門右側是加斯帕德-馬西（Gaspard Marcy）創作的路易十四戰勝帝國的雕像。

On the left by the statue of the victory of Louis XIV over Spain by François Girardon.

左側是弗朗索瓦-吉拉爾東（François Girardon）創作的路易十四戰勝西班牙的雕像。

The visitor enters through the forecourt with the minister's wings on either side, and by an iron gateway.

遊客從前院進入，兩側是部長的側翼和鐵門。

When Louis XIV set his sight on Versailles, he was already familiar with the area. Indeed, his father, Louis XIII, had built a hunting lodge there, where he enjoyed the serenity of the somewhat wild surroundings.

當路易十四把目光投向凡爾賽時，他對這裡已經非常熟悉了。事實上，他的父親路易十三曾在那裡建造了一座狩獵小屋，他在那裡享受著有些荒涼的寧靜環境。

But Louis XIV wanted to make Versailles the most beautiful palace in the world, a symbol of his almighty power, as well as the official residence of the kingdom.

但路易十四希望將凡爾賽宮打造成世界上最美麗的宮殿，成為他全能權力的象徵，以及王國的官邸。

The chapel royal at Versailles is consecrated to Saint Louis, that's to say Louis IX of France, the French monarchy's crusader king.

凡爾賽宮的皇家小教堂供奉的是聖路易，也就是法國的十字軍國王路易九世。

The chapel's architecture is simultaneously Gothic and Baroque. Its floor plan, loftiness, it reaches over 25 metres high, stained glass, pointed roof and gargoyles, all hark back to medieval cathedrals.

小教堂的建築同時具有哥特式和巴洛克式風格。它的平面佈局、高達 25 米以上的閣樓、彩色玻璃、尖尖的屋頂和雕像，都讓人聯想到中世紀的大教堂。

This bold compromise was the work of Jules-Hadouin Mansart, even though the chapel wasn't consecrated until 1710, two years after the architect's death.

這一大膽的妥協是儒勒-哈杜安-芒薩爾（Jules-Hadouin Mansart）的傑作，儘管小教堂直到 1710 年，也就是建築師去世兩年後才正式落成。

The Mansart's royal gate, which disappeared following the French Revolution, once again stands in the palace courtyard, restoring its original double enclosure.

法國大革命後消失的芒薩爾王室大門再次矗立在王宮庭院中，恢復了原來的雙層圍牆。

Replicas of the 80-metre steel gate, decorated with 100,000 gold leaves, were unveiled, after two years of painstaking work, to recreate the Baroque-style piece by Jules-Hadouin Mansart.

經過兩年的艱苦工作，重現了儒勒-哈杜安-芒薩爾（Jules-Hadouin Mansart）創作的巴洛克風格作品，裝飾有 10 萬片金葉的 80 米長鋼門複製品正式亮相。

This royal gate, which stands at the entrance to the Cour d'Honneur, provides an essential element of Versailles' historical identity. It returns to this area in front of the château, all its impressive symbolic force.

這座王室大門矗立在榮譽庭院的入口處，是凡爾賽宮歷史特徵的重要組成部分。它將所有令人印象深刻的象徵性力量都帶回了城堡前的這片區域。

Experts studied 17th and 18th century archives and information from archaeological digs before deciding on the final installation. The adornments, which have not yet been added, are made of plate iron and bronze casting.

專家們研究了 17 和 18 世紀的檔案以及考古發掘的資料，然後才確定了最終的安裝方案。這些裝飾品是用鐵板和青銅鑄成的，目前尚未添加。

It took over two years to replicate the original gilded wrought iron fence and gate. The structure was reworked to obtain the finish of the former gates. All of the ironwork and ornaments were gilded on site with gold leaf, under covered scaffolding.

花了兩年多的時間才複製出原來的鍍金鍛鐵柵欄和大門。為了獲得原大門的表面效果，對結構進行了重新加工。所有的鐵製品和裝飾品都是在有頂棚的現場用金箔鍍金的。

Fifteen tonnes of iron were necessary for this project, which mobilised ornamentalists, wrought iron craftsmen, foundrymen and gilders. 100,000 sheets of gold leaf were crafted onto fleur-de-lis designs, crowns, masks of Apollo, cornucopias and the crossed capital Ls, representing the Sun King, Louis XIV.

這項工程需要 15 噸鐵，動用了裝飾工匠、鍛鐵工匠、鑄造工匠和鍍金工匠。100,000 張金箔被製作成百合花圖案、王冠、阿波羅面具、粟角星和代表太陽王路易十四的交叉大寫字母 L。

The gate is the centrepiece of a secure double enclosure, separating the Cour d'Honneur from the royal courtyard, at the very heart of the palace. Versailles was the king's residence, and the whole layout aimed to demonstrate that one was approaching his sacred person. The palace courtyard was restored to its original appearance in 1789, prior to the French Revolution.

大門是一個安全的雙層圍牆的中心，將榮譽庭院與王室庭院隔開，後者位於宮殿的中心。凡爾賽宮是國王的居所，整個佈局旨在表明人們正在接近國王。法國大革命前的1789年，凡爾賽宮庭院恢復了原貌。

On the right is the Statue of Abundance, created by Antoine Coissevaux.

右側是安託萬-科伊塞沃（Antoine Coissevaux）創作的豐收雕像。

On the left, the Statue of Peace, by Jean-Baptiste Touby.

左邊是讓-巴蒂斯特-圖比（Jean-Baptiste Touby）創作的和平雕像。

From 1661, work commenced to rapidly transform the retreat of a man in search of solitude into a pleasant residence suitable for the royal family.

從 1661 年起，工程開始進行，迅速將一個人的隱居地改造成適合王室居住的宜人居所。

The coloured facades are typical of the period. Their elevations were to establish the building norms of the end of the 18th century. According to Robert Cotte's regulation of 1715, house owners should respect the symmetry regulated by His Majesty. House heights were strictly limited to a ground floor, a piano nobile and an attic story with mansard windows.

彩色外牆是這一時期的典型特徵。它們的立面確立了 18 世紀末的建築標準。根據羅伯特-科特（Robert Cotte）1715 年的規定，房主應尊重國王陛下規定的對稱性。房屋高度被嚴格限制在底層、金色鋼琴和帶人字形窗戶的閣樓層。

Two large buildings of red brick and stone, with dark blue slate roofs, were added facing each other and formed the new Court Royale.

兩座紅磚和石塊砌成、深藍色石板屋頂的大型建築相向而立，形成了新的皇家宮苑。

The brick and stone castle was further embellished. The facades were adorned with rance marble columns, gilt wrought iron balconies, busts placed on brackets and allegorical statues on the balustrades.

磚石城堡得到了進一步的裝飾。外牆裝飾有大理石圓柱、鍍金鍛鐵陽臺、支架上的半身雕像以及欄杆上的寓言雕像。

It strictly obeyed the rules of French classical architecture, as seen in its colonnaded pavilion.

它嚴格遵守了法國古典建築的規則，從其柱廊式亭子就可見一斑。

The Museum of French History, founded in 1837 during the period of restoration overseen by Louis-Philippe, was consecrated to all the glories of France. However, its 6,000 paintings and 2,000 sculptures are largely closed to the public.

法國曆史博物館始建於 1837 年，當時正值路易-菲利普（Louis-Philippe）主持修復法國曆史博物館期間，館內陳列著法國的所有輝煌成就。然而，館內的 6000 幅繪畫和 2000 件雕塑大部分不對公眾開放。

The Gabriel vestibule leads to the Great Staircase, beyond which is the State's General Hall and the Hercules Room, at the entrance to the King's State Apartments.

加布裡埃爾前庭通向大階梯，大階梯後面是國家大廳和海格力斯廳，海格力斯廳位於國王國家房間的入口處。

This staircase was intended to replace the Ambassador's Staircase, which was pulled down in 1752 to comply with Gabriel's plans.

這座樓梯是用來取代大使樓梯的，後者在 1752 年被拆除，以符合加布裡埃爾的計劃。

Operations on the original project were soon interrupted, though, and it was only in recent times that they had been resumed, and were completed in 1985.

不過，最初項目的營運很快就中斷了，直到最近才得以恢復，並於 1985 年完工。

The Chapel Room is situated above the Chapel Vestibule, an opening directly onto the Royal Tribune. It shares the same architecture as that of the Chapel, a floor paved with marble, Corinthian columns and figures of the virtues above the doors and windows.

小禮拜堂廳位於小禮拜堂前廳上方，直接通向皇家論壇廳。它與小教堂的建築風格相同，地面鋪設大理石，門窗上方有科林斯式圓柱和美德人物雕像。

The stucco work in the angles of the ceiling represent the four parts of the world. The statues were placed in their niches in 1730.

天花板稜角上的灰泥裝飾代表了世界的四個部分。雕像於 1730 年安放在壁龕中。

The Royal Chapel is the fourth chapel to be built for the Chateau, the three preceding ones having been merely temporary.

皇家禮拜堂是城堡修建的第四座禮拜堂，之前的三座只是臨時性的。

Work began in 1699, according to the plans of Jules-Hardouin Mansart, and was completed in 1710 under the direction of his brother-in-law, Robert de Cotte.

根據儒勒-阿爾杜安-芒薩爾的計劃，工程於 1699 年開始，在他的妹夫羅伯特-德-科特（Robert de Cotte）的指導下於 1710 年完工。

In accordance with the tradition of Palatine chapels, it consists of two floors. The main tribune above the entrance was reserved for the royal family, the side tribunes for the royal princes and the principal court dignitaries, while the rest of the congregation remained on the lower floor.

按照帕拉丁教堂的傳統，它由兩層樓組成。入口上方的主護欄專供皇室成員使用，側護欄供皇室王子和宮廷要人使用，其餘的教徒則留在底層。

The high altar in gilt bronze is entirely due to Van Cleef. He carved the glory with the name of Javert shining forth, the angels in adoration and the bas-relief representing the dead Christ on his mother's knees.

鍍金青銅高祭壇完全出自範克里夫之手。他雕刻了閃耀著沙威名字的光輝、崇拜中的天使以及表現死去的基督跪在母親膝上的浮雕。

The fine organ is situated in the tribune above the high altar, with the mechanism due to Clichot and the magnificently carved chest of drawers gilded by Le Goupil.

精美的管風琴位於高祭壇上方的護欄內，其機械裝置由克里喬（Clichot）製作，雕刻精美的抽屜櫃由勒古皮爾（Le Goupil）鍍金。

The entire decoration clearly illustrates the parallelism existing between the Old and the New Testaments.

整個裝飾清楚地表明瞭《舊約》和《新約》之間的平行關係。

The luminosity of this majestic nave, the nobility of the architecture and the exceptional quality of its decoration make this chapel one of the great masterpieces of religious art.

雄偉的中殿、高貴的建築和卓越的裝飾使這座小教堂成為宗教藝術的偉大傑作之一。

The pallor of the stone is discreetly heightened by the golds of the high altar and the organ, as well as by the polychrome marble paving and the painting on the arch ceiling.

高祭壇和管風琴的金色，以及多色大理石鋪面和拱形天花板上的繪畫，都低調地烘托出石材的蒼白。

The decoration of the Hercules Room was undertaken in 1712 under the direction of Robert de Cotte, but was interrupted first by the death of Louis XIV in 1715 and then by the Regency, and only resumed in 1729 and completed in 1736.

海格力斯廳的裝飾工程於 1712 年在羅伯特-德-科特（Robert de Cotte）的指導下開始，但先是在 1715 年路易十四去世後又被攝政王時期打斷，直到 1729 年才重新開始，並於 1736 年完工。

The marble casing and twin pilasters foreshadow the decoration of the Hall of Mirrors.

大理石外殼和雙壁柱預示著鏡廊的裝飾風格。

The repast at Simon's House, executed by the great Venetian artist Paolo Veronese for the refectory of the Servai Convent, was offered to Louis XIV in 1664 by the Republic of Venice.

1664 年，威尼斯共和國向路易十四贈送了威尼斯偉大藝術家保羅-維羅內塞為塞爾維修道院餐廳創作的《西蒙家的晚餐》。

This ceiling, one of the largest in the world, is also one of the great masterpieces of French decorative painting.

這個天花板是世界上最大的天花板之一，也是法國裝飾畫的偉大傑作之一。

François Lemoyne, who painted it between 1733 and 1736, depicts the apotheosis of Hercules.

弗朗索瓦-勒莫瓦納（François Lemoyne）在 1733 年至 1736 年間繪製了這幅畫，描繪了大力神的神化。

The exceptional quality of the marbles and the splendour of the bronzes on the chimney piece, chiselled by Antoine de Cotte, make this chapel one of the great masterpieces of French decorative painting.

由安託萬-德-科特（Antoine de Cotte）雕刻的大理石質量上乘，煙囪上的青銅器光彩奪目，使這座小教堂成為法國裝飾畫的偉大傑作之一。

Antoine Basset, contribute to making this room one of the most beautiful in the palace.

安託萬-巴塞（Antoine Basset）的貢獻，使這個房間成為皇宮中最漂亮的房間之一。

The room of abundance, arranged in 1680, for long served as a vestibule to the collection room or room of arrangement.

豐饒室佈置於 1680 年，長期以來一直是收藏室或佈置室的前廳。

The room of abundance, arranged in 1680, for long served as a vestibule to the collection room or room of rare objects, reached by the door at the end after mounting five steps.

豐饒室佈置於 1680 年，長期以來一直是藏品室或珍品室的前廳，從盡頭的門走上五級臺階就能到達。

The ceiling was painted by René-Antoine Houas, who depicts in the background the most valuable pieces in the room of rare objects, in particular the king's ship, an ornament symbolising sovereign power.

天花板由勒內-安託萬-烏阿斯（René-Antoine Houas）繪製，他在背景中描繪了房間裡最珍貴的稀有物品，特別是國王的船，這是一件象徵主權的裝飾品。

The walls in the Venus room are cased in marble with ornate columns in Rance marble on either side of the doors at the end.

維納斯廳的牆壁由大理石砌成，盡頭的門兩側有蘭斯大理石製成的華麗圓柱。

The same columns, painted in trompe l'oeil, are repeated in the fake perspectives, with which Jacques Rousseau decorated the narrow sides of the room and which appear to increase its dimensions.

雅克-盧梭在房間狹窄的兩側裝飾了同樣的柱子，這些柱子被塗上了彩繪，在假的透視圖中重複出現，似乎增加了房間的面積。

In the recess at the end stands a statue of Louis XIV in antique attire by Jean Morin.

盡頭的凹槽裡矗立著讓-莫蘭（Jean Morin）創作的身著古裝的路易十四雕像。

The ceiling was painted by Houas. In the centre he represents Venus.

天花板由烏阿斯繪製。中央是維納斯。

On either side there are two imitation medallions in gilt bronze, depicting the rape of Europa and of Amphitrite.

兩側有兩個鍍金青銅仿製徽章，分別描繪了歐羅巴和安菲特里特被強姦的場景。

In the corners, a couple to famous lovers.

在角落裡，有一對著名的戀人。

The Diana room, like the preceding one, provided access to the state apartment and the door on the far right opened onto the second flight of the ambassador's staircase.

戴安娜房間和前一個房間一樣，是通往國家公寓的通道，最右邊的門通向大使樓梯的第二層。

On a pedestal adorned with bronze, cast by the Keller brothers, stands the bust of Louis XIV, made by Lorenzo Bernini in 1665.

在凱勒兄弟鑄造的青銅裝飾基座上，矗立著洛倫佐-貝爾尼尼（Lorenzo Bernini）於 1665 年製作的路易十四半身像。

The brilliant execution of this sculpture makes it one of the masterpieces of this great Roman artist and without doubt the finest portrait of the king in his youth. He was 27 at the time.

這座雕塑的出色完成使其成為這位偉大羅馬藝術家的傑作之一，無疑也是國王年輕時的最佳肖像。當時他 27 歲。

In the centre of the ceiling, Diana, accompanied by the night hours and the fresh morning hours, presides over hunting and navigation by Gabriel Blanchard.

在天花板中央，戴安娜在黑夜和清晨的陪伴下，主持著加布裡埃爾-布朗夏爾創作的狩獵和航海。

In the corner is a composition of fleur-de-lis, lease flower, the symbol of royalty.

牆角是象徵皇室的百合花（租賃花）。

The Mars room was really the first room of the state apartment during the odd ten years that the king lived there.

在國王居住的奇特的十年間，火星廳實際上是國家公寓的第一個房間。

Each of the imitation gilt bronze bas-reliefs in the covings is an allusion to the re-establishment of discipline and to the king's military justice.

壁飾上的每一個仿鎏金青銅浮雕都暗指紀律的重建和國王的軍事司法。

In the corners there are some magnificent gilt stucco works.

牆角處有一些華麗的鎏金灰泥作品。

Two trophies evoke the alliance between the Holy Roman Empire, Spain and Holland against France.

兩座戰利品喚起了神聖羅馬帝國、西班牙和荷蘭對法國的聯盟。

It was the guard room and this destination explains its warlike character and the subjects of the decoration.

這裡曾是警衛室，這也是其戰爭特徵和裝飾主題的由來。

The mercure room was an antechamber, which later became the state bedchamber, in which stood the parade bed, embroidered entirely with gold.

貴賓室是一個前廳，後來成為國賓寢宮，裡面擺放著一張繡滿黃金的閱兵床。

Jean Baptiste de Champagne was given the task of painting the ceiling.

讓-巴蒂斯特-德-香檳（Jean Baptiste de Champagne）被委以粉刷天花板的重任。

In the centre, mercure and his chariot, with the morning star, arts and sciences.

中間是墨丘利和他的戰車，以及晨星、藝術和科學。

On the crimson damask hangs the portrait of Louis XV, painted by Hyacinthe Rigaud in 1730.

深紅色的錦緞上懸掛著海辛特-裡戈（Hyacinthe Rigaud）於 1730 年繪製的路易十五肖像。

The clock with automata, made by the clockmaker Antoine Morin and offered to Louis XIV in 1706, stood in this room in the 18th century.

由鐘錶匠安託萬-莫蘭（Antoine Morin）製作並於 1706 年獻給路易十四的自動時鐘，在十八世紀時就矗立在這個房間裡。

The bed on display was ordered by Louis Philippe for Louis XIV's room.

展出的這張床是路易-菲利普為路易十四的房間訂購的。

These are found in many royal residences. Nobody slept in them.

許多王室宅邸都有這種傢俱。沒有人睡在裡面。

On the crimson damask also hangs the portrait of Marie Leszczyńska, painted by Louis Toquet in 1740.

深紅色的錦緞上還懸掛著路易-託凱（Louis Toquet）於 1740 年繪製的瑪麗-萊辛斯卡肖像。

The Apollo Room used to be the most sumptuous room of the whole State Apartment.

阿波羅廳曾是整個國家公寓中最豪華的房間。

It still retains important vestiges of its former splendour, particularly the marbles, as well as the ceiling.

它仍然保留著昔日輝煌的重要遺蹟，尤其是大理石和天花板。

The portrait of Louis XIV in Royal Regalia was painted by Rigaud in 1701.

身著皇家禮服的路易十四肖像由裡戈（Rigaud）於 1701 年繪製。

This ceiling is without doubt Charles de La Fosse's masterpiece, and it illustrates the colourist's talent.

毫無疑問，這塊天花板是查爾斯-德-拉弗塞的傑作，它展現了這位色彩大師的才華。

In the centre we see Apollo on his chariot, accompanied by the figure of France and the procession of the seasons.

在中央，我們可以看到阿波羅騎在戰車上，身邊有法蘭西的形象和四季的遊行隊伍。

In the corners are allegories of the four continents.

The War Room was the Council Room, or the Jupiter Room, where Louis XIV held council.

戰爭廳就是議事廳，又稱朱庇特廳，是路易十四召開會議的地方。

Originally it was decorated with pictures related to the story of Jupiter and to the restraint of princes.

最初，它的裝飾畫與朱庇特的故事和王子的約束有關。

Its decoration, and that of the Peace Room symmetrical to it, closely resemble that of the Hall of Mirrors separating them.

它以及與之對稱的和平廳的裝飾與分隔它們的鏡廊非常相似。

These three rooms occupy the entire west front of the main building of the Chateau, forming a homogenous ensemble, so that the whole enfilade of the State Apartment ends in a veritable apotheosis.

這三個房間佔據了城堡主樓的整個西側正面，形成了一個同質的整體，是以國家房間的整個圍廊以一個名副其實的神化結束。

The walls are entirely cased in precious marbles, adorned with gilt-bronze trophies and mirrors.

牆壁全部用珍貴的大理石砌成，裝飾著鍍金青銅獎盃和鏡子。

Charles Le Brun took charge of the decoration of the arch ceiling in the Hall of Mirrors and the two reception rooms.

夏爾-勒布倫負責鏡廊和兩個接待室拱形天花板的裝飾。

The Great Gallery, or Hall of Mirrors, built in 1678 by Jules-Haudouin Mansart, was cased in marble in 1679.

大長廊或鏡廊由儒勒-豪杜安-芒薩爾建於 1678 年，1679 年用大理石砌成。

The sculptors completed their work in 1680, and Le Brun painted the arch ceiling between 1681 and 1684.

雕塑家們於 1680 年完成了他們的工作，勒布倫則在 1681 年至 1684 年間繪製了拱形天花板。

Opposite the seventeen arched windows, there are two large windows, which were built in the 17th century.

在十七扇拱形窗戶的對面，有兩扇建於十七世紀的大窗戶。

These windows were built in the 17th century, and are still in use to this day.

這些窗戶建於 17 世紀，至今仍在使用。

In the 17th century, the arched windows were built in the 17th century, and are still in use to this day.

17 世紀建造的拱形窗戶至今仍在使用。

Opposite the seventeen arched windows, are seventeen corresponding arcades, adorned with mirrors, separated by engraved gilt-copper baguettes.

在十七扇拱形窗戶的對面，有十七個相應的拱廊，拱廊上裝飾著鏡子，中間用雕刻的鍍金銅長廊隔開。

The Gallery is decorated with eight busts of Roman emperors in porphyry and rance marble, and eight statues, seven of them antique.

長廊裝飾著八尊用斑岩和蘭斯大理石製作的羅馬皇帝半身雕像，以及八尊雕像，其中七尊是古代雕像。

The eighth one is a moulding of the famous Diana the Huntress.

第八個是著名的女獵人戴安娜的模型。

The pilasters are in rance marble, on a background of white marble, with capitals adorned with fleur-de-lis and Gallic cocks.

壁柱以白色大理石為底色，柱頭飾有百合花和高盧雄雞。

The vaulted ceiling is Charles Lebrun's masterpiece.

拱形天花板是查爾斯-勒布倫的傑作。

He gave free course to his inventive genius, multiplying the allegories, the trompe l'oeil, the fake perspectives, the real or imitation stucco work.

他盡情施展自己的創造才能，大量使用寓言故事、塗鴉、假透視、真灰泥或仿灰泥裝飾。

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凡爾賽宮 - 法國 - 完整旅遊指南 - 旅行與探索 (Palace Of Versailles - France - Full Tourist Guide - Travel & DIscover)

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