Name: 歷史上最後一次日食 (The LAST Eclipse in History)
Uploaded: 2025-06-19T18:14:43.000Z
Duration: 4 min 31 s

情態副詞

We are in the golden age of solar eclipses, but only for the moment.

我們正處於日食的黃金時代，但這只是暫時的。

In fact, I'd argue we're already past peak solar eclipse and it's all downhill from here.

事實上，我認為我們已經過了日食的高峰期，接下來會走下坡路。

Solar eclipses are amazing phenomena, but they're also just like one object casting a shadow on another, which we see all the time.

日食是一種神奇的現象，但它也就像一個物體在另一個物體上投下的影子，我們經常能看到。

I think we're impressed by our current solar eclipses for a few key reasons.

我認為，我們之所以對當前的日食印象深刻，主要有以下幾個原因。

First, and obviously, they block the sun in the middle of the day, so it gets dark, cold, you can see stars, etc.

首先，顯而易見的是，它們在白天擋住了太陽，所以會變得黑暗、寒冷，你可以看到星星等等。

Second, our eclipses aren't purely like night either.

其次，我們的日食也不純粹像夜晚一樣。

The shadow of the moon is small enough that there's still sunlight falling on the atmosphere near the horizon.

月球的陰影很小，地平線附近仍有陽光灑向大氣層。

Resulting in a deep blue sky and the appearance of a sunrise or sunset 360 degrees around you.

這樣就能看到深藍色的天空，周圍 360 度都能看到日出或日落。

Third, our current eclipses also reveal the sun's corona, the outer part of the sun's atmosphere that's much dimmer than the sun's bright disc.

第三，目前的日食還揭示了太陽的日冕，即太陽大氣的外部部分，它比太陽明亮的圓盤要暗淡得多。

而且通常會被刺眼的陽光遮住。

But when the sun's disc is covered during an eclipse, the corona appears like a bright starburst around the dark disc of the moon.

但在日食期間，當太陽的圓盤被遮住時，日冕就會像一個明亮的星芒環繞在黑暗的月盤周圍。

Fourth, total eclipses are rare, any given point on earth only experiences about one total solar eclipse every several hundred years, so they're kind of a once in a lifetime or less experience.

第四，日全食非常罕見，地球上任何一個點大約每隔幾百年才會發生一次日全食，所以日全食是一生一次或更少的經歷。

Fifth, eclipses are fleeting, totality typically only lasts a few minutes, which makes them feel even more precious and cosmic.

第五，日食轉瞬即逝，全食通常只持續幾分鐘，這讓人覺得日食更加珍貴，更有宇宙感。

And also doesn't give our human brains time to really process or take in the weirdness of what's happening before it's over.

而且，在電影結束之前，我們的大腦也沒有時間真正處理或接受所發生的怪事。

And finally, eclipses on earth are also notable because they can be either total, where the moon fully blocks the sun and is spectacular.

最後，地球上的日食也很引人注目，因為它們可以是全食，即月亮完全遮住太陽，非常壯觀。

Or annular, where the moon appears smaller than the sun and never completely obscures it.

或者是環形，月亮看起來比太陽小，但從未完全遮住太陽。

At best, there's still a ring or annulus of the sun visible, hence annular eclipse.

最多隻能看到太陽的一個環或環面，是以稱為日環食。

Because they don't fully block the sun's disc, annular eclipses aren't really much more impressive than partial eclipses, the sky doesn't get deep blue, you don't see the corona, you can't look at them with your naked eyes, etc.

因為日環食沒有完全遮擋住太陽圓盤，所以實際上並不比日偏食更令人印象深刻，天空不會變成深藍色，你看不到日冕，也不能用肉眼觀察日環食，等等。

They're cool, but are nothing like a total eclipse.

它們很酷，但與日全食完全不同。

It's kind of weird that we have both annular eclipses where the moon appears smaller than the sun, and total eclipses where the moon appears bigger than the sun.

有點奇怪的是，我們既有月亮看起來比太陽小的日環食，也有月亮看起來比太陽大的日全食。

That both happen is due to the fact that the earth and the moon's orbits aren't perfectly round, so the relative distances to the moon and sun change over time, and therefore so do their relative apparent sizes.

這兩種情況之所以會發生，是因為地球和月球的軌道並不是完美的圓形，是以月球和太陽的相對距離會隨著時間的推移而發生變化，是以它們的相對視尺寸也會發生變化。

But here's the sad fact, we have on average more annular eclipses than total eclipses.

但可悲的事實是，我們的日環食平均多於日全食。

And that is why we are currently past the peak of the earth's golden age of eclipses.

這就是為什麼我們現在正處於地球日食黃金時代的頂峰。

The moon formed billions of years ago, and we have good reason to believe it was much closer to the earth then than it is now, with the moon so close, it was much bigger in the sky.

月球形成於數十億年前，我們有充分的理由相信，那時月球離地球比現在近得多。

Total eclipses would have been much more common.

And much longer and much darker, the moon's shadow would be so big that an eclipse would be much more like normal night time, rather than a deep blue sky with golden glow all around the horizon.

月亮的影子會變得更長、更黑，月食時的景象會更像正常的夜晚，而不是深藍色的天空，地平線上到處都是金色的光芒。

The moon would also have been big enough to cover most of the sun's corona, and the moon would have been more illuminated with earth shine, meaning a solar eclipse would probably feel kind of like a normal night sky, just with a darker than normal moon, boring.

月亮也會足夠大，足以遮住太陽的大部分日冕，月亮也會更多地被地球的光輝照亮，這意味著日食的感覺可能有點像正常的夜空，只是月亮比正常的月亮更黑，很無聊。

However, for all the billions of years after the moon formed, the earth was spinning faster than the moon was orbiting, as it still does, a day is shorter than a month.

然而，在月球形成後的數十億年裡，地球的自轉速度一直快於月球的運行速度，就像現在一樣，一天比一個月短。

And so over time, tidal forces have transferred some of the earth's rotational momentum to the moon, sending the moon farther and farther away.

是以，隨著時間的推移，潮汐力將地球的部分自轉動量傳遞給了月球，使月球越來越遠。

Up until around 700 million years ago, the moon was close enough to the earth that it always appeared larger than the sun, and we only ever saw total solar eclipses.

直到大約 7 億年前，月球離地球足夠近，所以它看起來總是比太陽大，我們只看到過日全食。

But around then, the moon finally moved far enough away from us that at least during certain parts of the earth's and moon's orbits, the moon appeared smaller than the sun in the sky, and if it appeared smaller than the sun during an eclipse, it wouldn't fully block the sun, you'd get an annular eclipse, not a total one.

但大約在那時，月球終於離我們足夠遠了，至少在地球和月球軌道的某些部分，月球在天空中顯得比太陽小，如果在日食時月球顯得比太陽小，它就不會完全擋住太陽，你就會看到日環食，而不是日全食。

Initially, most eclipses would still have been total solar eclipses with annular eclipses being rare, but as the moon continued to get farther and farther from earth, annular eclipses became more and more common.

最初，大多數日食仍然是日全食，環食比較罕見，但隨著月球離地球越來越遠，環食變得越來越常見。

Sometime in the last several hundred million years, we crossed a threshold to where the moon appears smaller than the sun on average, at that point annular eclipses became more common than total eclipses, and as the tides continue to transfer our angular momentum to the moon, the moon will continue to get farther from the earth, annular eclipses will become more and more common and total eclipses rarer and rarer.

在過去幾億年的某個時候，我們跨過了一個門檻，月球平均看起來比太陽小，這時環食變得比全食更常見，隨著潮汐繼續將我們的角動量傳遞給月球，月球將繼續遠離地球，環食將變得越來越常見，而全食則越來越罕見。

Until around a half billion to billion years from now.

The last total solar eclipse will darken the sky on earth.

最後一次日全食將使地球的天空變暗。

And the golden age of eclipses will be over.

If you live in North America, the date of the last ever total solar eclipse.

如果您住在北美，則是上一次日全食的日期。

Wait, no, that's just the next total solar eclipse.

等等，不，那只是下一次日全食。

And this video was supported in part by NASA's Heliophysics Education Activation Team, which loves solar eclipses.

這段視頻得到了美國國家航空航天局太陽物理學教育激活小組的部分支持，該小組非常喜歡日食。

NASA Heat's mission is to engage with learners of all ages like you and me, and to deepen our understanding of our closest star and its effects on earth and the solar system.

NASA Heat 的使命是與你我這樣的各年齡段學習者互動，加深我們對離我們最近的恆星及其對地球和太陽系的影響的瞭解。

Solar eclipses are a great way to experience a different side of the sun than we normally do.

日食是我們體驗太陽不同於平常一面的絕佳方式。

Like literally the corona extending out from its sides.

就像字面上說的那樣，日冕從它的兩側延伸出來。

If you ever have the opportunity to see a total eclipse, I highly recommend it.

如果你有機會看到日全食，我強烈推薦你去看。

美國國家航空航天局也是如此。