Name: 塞內加--在憤怒吞噬你之前戰勝它 | STOICISM (Seneca - Conquer Your Anger, Before it Consumes You | STOICISM)
Uploaded: 2025-06-17T17:56:17.000Z
Duration: 35 min 46 s

基礎被動語態

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本視頻由 Brilliant 製作，Brilliant 是一個數學和科學問題解決網站，它讓學習充滿樂趣和收穫。

程度副詞

What I'm about to communicate to you is an incredibly radical stance, but if you take the time to hear me out until the end, I think you will come to agree with not only me but with many sages of the past—Seneca, Socrates, Martin Luther King Jr., Heraclitus, Dostoevsky,

我要向你們傳達的是一種極其激進的立場，但如果你們花時間聽我把話說完，我想你們不僅會同意我的觀點，也會同意許多先賢的觀點--塞內加、蘇格拉底、小馬丁-路德-金、赫拉克利特、陀思妥耶夫斯基、

Despite what the world may have always told you, anger is not good or useful at all—not even a little bit—and most of us feel anger, myself included.

儘管這個世界可能總是告訴你，憤怒一點都不好，一點用處都沒有--我們大多數人都會感到憤怒，包括我自己。

But any anger we feel is a pull towards evil.

但我們的任何憤怒都是對邪惡的牽引。

To realize this fact is to acknowledge the evil within us and face it head-on, but to reject this fact is to ignore the evil within us and allow it to grow.

認識到這一事實，就是承認我們內心的邪惡，直面它；而拒絕這一事實，就是無視我們內心的邪惡，任其發展。

Anger is like a fire that must be extinguished as soon as possible because if it's allowed to grow, it eventually grows beyond all hopes of getting it under control, causing immense damage to those around it.

憤怒就像一把火，必須儘快撲滅，因為如果任其發展，它最終會發展到無法控制的地步，給周圍的人造成巨大的傷害。

When speaking about anger, the Roman and Stoic philosopher Seneca said, let us be free from this evil.

羅馬斯多葛派哲學家塞內加在談到憤怒時說，讓我們遠離這種邪惡。

Let us clear our minds of it and extirpate it root and branch, a passion which grows again wherever the smallest particle of it finds a resting place.

讓我們摒棄這種激情，將其連根拔起，因為無論在哪裡，只要有一丁點激情，就會重新滋生。

Let us not moderate anger, but get rid of it altogether.

讓我們不要緩和憤怒，而是徹底擺脫憤怒。

I know my stance is strong, and some people will think they already have a response, but any response you have right now is likely just a way to escape from having to deal with the arguments I'm about to present.

我知道我的立場很強硬，有些人會認為他們已經有了迴應，但你們現在的任何迴應很可能只是為了逃避我接下來要陳述的論點。

Some of you might try to take the easy way out by claiming that anger has been around for as long as humanity has and that it's natural, but you might just as easily recognize that murder has been around just as long and is just as natural.

你們中的一些人可能會試圖走捷徑，聲稱憤怒與人類的歷史一樣悠久，是自然現象，但你們可能會很容易地認識到，謀殺與人類的歷史一樣悠久，也是自然現象。

Just because humanity has always struggled with a vice, it doesn't mean that it isn't worth trying to overcome that vice within yourself.

人類總是與惡習作鬥爭，但這並不意味著不值得嘗試克服自己的惡習。

Some of you might say that anger helps us realize when we've been hurt, and to that

有些人可能會說，憤怒能讓我們意識到自己受到了傷害。

I would agree, but anger doesn't help us fix our hurt.

我同意，但憤怒無助於我們彌補傷害。

Once we realize we've been hurt, it's best to let go of anger immediately and, when we can, take action from a place of calm.

一旦我們意識到自己受到了傷害，最好立即放下憤怒，並在可能的情況下，從容不迫地採取行動。

And lastly, to the masses, the point of view that Seneca and I take will seem radical because they believe there is something good or useful inside of anger.

最後，對於大眾來說，塞內加和我的觀點似乎很激進，因為他們相信憤怒中蘊含著美好或有用的東西。

They believe that anger produces justice.

But I will show them that what is truly good is produced without anger, and what anger produces is not good.

但我要告訴他們，真正的好東西是在沒有憤怒的情況下產生的，而憤怒所產生的並不是好東西。

So when lovers of anger offer the terrible emotion their support, they often claim that anger is useful for producing justice.

是以，當憤怒的愛好者為這種可怕的情緒提供支持時，他們往往聲稱憤怒有助於伸張正義。

If anger has any real goodness or usefulness in it, it must be for producing justice.

如果憤怒有任何真正的善意或用處，它一定是為了伸張正義。

So if we can prove once and for all that anger does not produce justice, but rather its opposite, we strike at the very foundations of anger and give it no legs to stand on.

是以，如果我們能夠一勞永逸地證明，憤怒不會產生正義，反而會產生正義的反面，那麼我們就能打擊憤怒的根基，讓它無立足之地。

By proving that anger takes no part in goodness, we destroy any grounds it has for support.

通過證明憤怒與善良無關，我們就摧毀了它的任何支持理由。

So I'm going to share with you several stories, some historical, some mythical, that once you combine them all together, show you the monster that anger really is.

是以，我將與大家分享幾個故事，有歷史故事，也有神話故事，一旦把它們結合在一起，你就會看到憤怒這個怪物的真面目。

Rather than producing justice, anger makes us commit injustice against others.

憤怒非但不會產生正義，反而會讓我們對他人不公。

This is incredibly apparent in the death of Socrates.

這一點在蘇格拉底之死中體現得淋漓盡致。

In 399 BC, Socrates, the father of Western philosophy, was sentenced to death for impiety and corrupting the youth.

公元前 399 年，西方哲學之父蘇格拉底因不虔誠和腐蝕青年而被判處死刑。

Impiety just means disrespecting the gods.

But ironically, Socrates viewed it as his god-given duty to philosophize with the citizens of Athens.

但具有諷刺意味的是，蘇格拉底認為與雅典市民進行哲學對話是上帝賦予他的職責。

He viewed it as his god-given duty to search for wisdom and to help his citizens become better people, even if that meant he would live in poverty.

他認為，尋找智慧和幫助公民成為更好的人是上天賦予他的責任，即使這意味著他將生活在貧困之中。

正如他在柏拉圖的《辯證法》中所說、

In fact, my service to God has reduced me to extreme poverty.

事實上，我對上帝的服務讓我陷入了極度貧困。

So why would the Athenian citizens charge Socrates with impiety when he clearly believed in God?

那麼，蘇格拉底明明信仰上帝，雅典公民為什麼要指控他不虔誠呢？

According to Socrates, these charges were simply drummed up as a way to get rid of him.

蘇格拉底認為，這些指控不過是為了擺脫他而炮製出來的。

The effect of these investigations of mine, gentlemen, has been to arouse against me a great deal of hostility, and hostility of a particularly bitter and persistent kind, which has resulted in various malicious suggestions.

先生們，我的這些調查引起了很多人對我的敵意，而且是一種特別尖刻和頑固的敵意，導致了各種惡意的建議。

The citizens of Athens were angry with him because he made them feel foolish.

雅典市民對他感到憤怒，因為他讓他們感到愚蠢。

Whenever Socrates met a person who thought they were wise, he would ask that person a question.

每當蘇格拉底遇到自以為聰明的人時，他都會向對方提問。

That person would then confidently give Socrates an answer.

然後，那個人就會自信地給蘇格拉底一個答案。

So Socrates would probe deeper into that person's answer and subject it to scrutiny, and by doing so, he often exposed how what someone thought was true was actually false.

是以，蘇格拉底會更深入地探究那個人的答案，並對其進行仔細審查，通過這樣做，他經常會揭露別人認為是真的答案其實是假的。

He showed people that they weren't as wise as they thought they were.

他讓人們知道，他們並不像自己想象的那樣聰明。

Naturally, because people don't like to feel like fools, this made them very angry.

自然，由於人們不喜歡自己像個傻瓜，這讓他們非常生氣。

But Socrates never intended to make people angry.

但蘇格拉底從未想過要讓人們憤怒。

In fact, he thought he was helping them understand the world better and to become better people.

事實上，他認為自己是在幫助他們更好地瞭解世界，成為更好的人。

Are you not ashamed that you give your attention to acquiring as much money as possible?

你把注意力放在獲取儘可能多的金錢上，難道不感到羞愧嗎？

And similarly with reputation and honor, and give no attention or thought to truth and understanding and the perfection of your soul?

同樣是為了名譽和榮譽，而對真理、理解和靈魂的完善不聞不問？

He wanted to show people how the things that they believed in were not true, and that the things they valued were not as important as their own characters.

他想告訴人們，他們所相信的東西並不真實，他們所珍視的東西並沒有自己的人格重要。

He viewed it as his duty to help his fellow citizens overcome delusion and move closer towards truth and goodness.

他認為自己有責任幫助同胞克服妄想，向真理和善良靠攏。

He viewed it as his duty to help them perfect their souls and characters.

他認為自己有責任幫助他們完善靈魂和人格。

But as Socrates went around making people feel foolish, a collective anger grew towards him, an anger which was not made any better when the youth of Athens started to imitate him.

但是，當蘇格拉底到處讓人們感到愚蠢時，人們對他的集體憤怒也隨之增長，當雅典的年輕人開始模仿他時，這種憤怒並沒有得到任何改善。

Young men, typically ones who came from wealthy families and had a lot of free time, watched

年輕人，通常來自富裕家庭，有大量空閒時間，觀看

Socrates question the citizens of Athens and expose their ignorance.

蘇格拉底質問雅典公民，揭露他們的無知。

These young men wanted to be like him, so they began imitating him, questioning the adults around them and exposing their ignorance.

這些年輕人想成為他那樣的人，於是他們開始模仿他，質疑身邊的成年人，揭露他們的無知。

These imitators of Socrates made the Athenians feel foolish, and this made the citizens of

這些蘇格拉底的模仿者讓雅典人覺得自己很愚蠢，這讓雅典的公民們

And according to Socrates, it was this slow building up of anger among the Athenians that resulted in his death sentence.

根據蘇格拉底的說法，正是雅典人慢慢積累起來的憤怒導致了他的死刑。

When Socrates was sentenced to death, anger was present at his trial, but justice was not, showing us that anger does not always produce justice, but rather it even produces its opposite, injustice towards others.

當蘇格拉底被判處死刑時，憤怒出現在他的審判中，但正義卻沒有出現，這告訴我們，憤怒並不總是產生正義，相反，它甚至會產生其反面，即對他人的不公正。

On the other hand, Socrates, who might be considered one of the most just men to ever live, did not show any anger towards his fellow citizens for putting him to death.

另一方面，蘇格拉底可能被認為是有史以來最公正的人之一，他並沒有因為同胞將他處死而表現出任何憤怒。

For my own part, I bear no grudge at all against those who condemn me and accuse me, although it was not with this kind intention that they did so, but because they thought that they were hurting me.

就我自己而言，我對那些譴責我、指責我的人毫無怨言，儘管他們這樣做並非出於善意，而是因為他們認為自己在傷害我。

Socrates did not hold any anger towards those who condemned him to death, even though he believed that they did it just to get rid of him.

蘇格拉底對判處他死刑的人沒有任何憤怒，儘管他認為他們這樣做只是為了除掉他。

So on the one side, we have Socrates' accusers full of anger and injustice.

是以，一邊是蘇格拉底的指控者充滿憤怒和不平。

On the other side, we have Socrates' full of calm and justice.

另一面，我們看到的是蘇格拉底充滿冷靜和正義的一面。

Now consider how history views both of these parties.

現在來看看歷史是如何看待這兩個政黨的。

On that day, it seemed as if anger and injustice won, but in the long run, did it really?

那天，憤怒和不公正似乎贏了，但從長遠來看，真的是這樣嗎？

Socrates didn't fear death, and he happily looked forward to it.

蘇格拉底並不懼怕死亡，他快樂地期待著死亡。

No doubt my accuser might put me to death or have me banished or deprived of civic rights, but even if he thinks, as he probably does, and others too, I dare say, that these are great calamities, I do not think so.

毫無疑問，控告我的人可能會把我處死，或把我放逐，或剝奪我的公民權利，但即使他認為--我敢說他可能是這樣認為的，其他人也是這樣認為的--這些都是巨大的災難，我也不這樣認為。

I believe that it is far worse to do what he is doing now, trying to put a man to death unjustly.

我認為，像他現在這樣試圖不公正地處死一個人的做法要糟糕得多。

As for the Athenian citizens, they lost the intelligence and company of a good man.

至於雅典市民，他們失去了一個好人的智慧和陪伴。

Everyone up to this day remembers the name of Socrates with respect and honor.

直到今天，每個人都懷著崇敬的心情記住蘇格拉底的名字。

So it seems to me that, on that day, in the end, justice and calm defeated injustice and anger, although it wasn't obviously apparent at the time.

是以，在我看來，在那一天，正義和冷靜最終戰勝了不公正和憤怒，儘管當時這一點並不明顯。

至少對蘇格拉底以外的人來說是這樣。

不過，關於蘇格拉底，就說到這裡吧。

We've seen how anger does not always produce justice, but rather its opposite, injustice.

我們已經看到，憤怒並不總能產生正義，相反，憤怒會帶來不公正。

Now let's see how justice can be produced without anger.

現在，讓我們來看看沒有憤怒如何產生正義。

Martin Luther King Jr. and the Nonviolent Movement

According to his autobiography, while battling segregation in America, Martin Luther King

根據馬丁-路德-金的自傳，在與美國的種族隔離作鬥爭時，他

You must be willing to suffer anger of the opponent and yet not return anger.

你必須甘願承受對手的憤怒，卻不回擊對方的憤怒。

No matter how emotional your opponents are, you must be calm.

無論對手多麼情緒化，你都必須保持冷靜。

In order to successfully overcome and defeat segregation, Martin Luther King Jr. believed that his movement had to occur without any anger whatsoever.

為了成功地克服和戰勝種族隔離，小馬丁-路德-金認為，他的運動必須在沒有任何憤怒的情況下進行。

He wanted his fellow citizens to prove to the world that it was possible to make positive changes in the world through love and calm, without any anger whatsoever.

他想讓他的同胞們向世界證明，通過愛和平靜，不帶任何憤怒，是可以讓世界發生積極變化的。

When speaking to his fellow citizens, he said,

If we are arrested every day, if we are exploited every day, if we are trampled over every day, don't ever let anyone pull you so low as to hate him.

如果我們每天都被逮捕，如果我們每天都被剝削，如果我們每天都被踐踏，千萬不要讓任何人把你拉低到恨他的地步。

We must have compassion and understanding for those who hate us.

我們必須同情和理解那些仇恨我們的人。

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塞內加--在憤怒吞噬你之前戰勝它 | STOICISM (Seneca - Conquer Your Anger, Before it Consumes You | STOICISM)

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