Name: 13 歲創新者發明的檢測水中鉛含量的裝置 | Gitanjali Rao | TEDxGateway (A device to detect lead in water by a 13-year-old innovator | Gitanjali Rao | TEDxGateway)
Uploaded: 2025-05-03T03:20:33.000Z
Duration: 11 min 3 s

Transcriber's Name Reviewer's Name In 2002, a mechanic from Uberaba, Brazil, was tired of frequent power cuts in his town.

譯者姓名 審稿人姓名 2002 年，巴西烏貝拉巴的一名機械師對鎮上經常停電感到厭倦。

So, Alfredo Moser took a plastic soda bottle, filled it with water, added a bit of bleach to keep the water clean, put a black cap on it, and stuck it out on his roof.

於是，阿爾弗雷多-莫澤拿起一個塑膠汽水瓶，裝滿水，加入一點漂白劑以保持水的清潔，蓋上一個黑色的蓋子，然後把它放在屋頂上。

分詞構句

Used for years in deck prisms on ships, the external light dispersed enough to give him brightness in the room, equivalent to a 40 to 60 watt light bulb.

這種燈在船上的甲板稜鏡中使用了多年，外部光線的散射足以讓他在房間裡獲得相當於一個 40 至 60 瓦燈泡的亮度。

This simple solution is now used in millions of homes around the globe.

這一簡單的解決方案現已被全球數百萬家庭所採用。

Ali Shahbaz, a marketing executive, created the lifesaving dot to help solve the problem of iodine deficiency in women in India.

阿里-沙巴茲（Ali Shahbaz）是一位營銷主管，他創造了這個救生點，以幫助解決印度婦女缺碘的問題。

The symbolic bindi is now also a source of iodine.

象徵性的賓迪現在也是碘的來源。

And there are many more other amazing inventions.

Innovation doesn't need a big R&D budget and a lot of resources.

創新並不需要龐大的研發預算和大量資源。

It needs the genuine drive and motivation to make a difference in our communities.

它需要真正的動力和積極性來改變我們的社區。

I'm 13 years old, and I like to find solutions to real-world problems.

我今年 13 歲，喜歡為現實世界中的問題尋找解決方案。

I'm also an active promoter of science, technology, engineering, and math.

我還是科學、技術、工程和數學的積極推動者。

I write and speak in schools and forums like these to help socialize the idea of STEM.

我在學校和類似的論壇上撰寫文章和發表演講，幫助將 STEM 理念社會化。

Some of my works and innovations have garnered recognition, and I'd like to share some of what worked for me with others.

我的一些作品和創新獲得了認可，我想與其他人分享我的一些成功經驗。

Today, I'll be talking about innovation and the process of thinking differently.

今天，我將談談創新和換位思考的過程。

To make it a bit real, I'd like to walk you through some of my latest work and tell you a personal story about a device I created to detect lead in drinking water.

為了讓它更真實一些，我想帶大家瞭解一下我的一些最新作品，並給大家講一個關於我創造的檢測飲用水中鉛含量的設備的個人故事。

I'd also like to take this opportunity to talk about the role of all of us in promoting science and technology, especially the importance of girls joining and staying with scientific research and engineering.

我還想借此機會談談我們大家在促進科學技術方面的作用，特別是女孩加入並堅持科學研究和工程學的重要性。

Let me share with you how I went about creating my device to detect lead in water.

讓我與大家分享一下我是如何製作出水中鉛檢測設備的。

My journey has been about tackling one of the main challenges we face today, that is access to clean drinking water.

我的旅程就是為了應對我們今天面臨的主要挑戰之一，那就是獲得清潔飲用水。

The state of water in India today is that mercury, arsenic, and cadmium are the top metallic compounds in water that is harmful.

印度目前的水質狀況是，汞、砷和鎘是水中最有害的金屬化合物。

Increasingly, due to aging pipes and lax standards, lead is also becoming one of the most harmful contaminants in our water supply.

由於管道老化和標準不嚴，鉛也日益成為我們供水中最有害的汙染物之一。

Health effects of lead in water can range anywhere from birth defects to serious health issues, which can even lead to death.

水中含鉛對健康的影響從出生缺陷到嚴重的健康問題，甚至可能導致死亡。

Unfortunately, there aren't a whole lot of solutions to easily test for lead in drinking water.

遺憾的是，目前還沒有很多方法可以輕鬆檢測飲用水中的鉛含量。

My parents couldn't do it easily, and there are entire cities like Flint, Michigan, in the U.S., where lead contamination affected many of its residents, especially children.

我的父母不可能輕易做到這一點，在美國密歇根州弗林特這樣的城市，鉛汙染影響了許多居民，尤其是兒童。

So I decided to create a device to detect lead in water.

於是，我決定製作一個檢測水中鉛含量的裝置。

My solution addresses the core issue of speedy detection, helping people take preventative measures and maybe even saving lives.

我的解決方案可以解決快速檢測這一核心問題，幫助人們採取預防措施，甚至挽救生命。

It uses the latest developments in nanotechnology, is easy to use, fast, accurate, portable, and inexpensive.

它採用最新開發的納米技術，使用方便、快速、準確、便攜且價格低廉。

MIT and others have been working on using carbon nanotubes, a special form of carbon structure known for its connectivity properties as gas sensors.

麻省理工學院和其他機構一直致力於將碳納米管這種以其連接特性而聞名的特殊碳結構形式用作氣體傳感器。

Detecting a chemical contaminant like lead, especially in a liquid medium, required a different approach than current techniques.

檢測像鉛這樣的化學汙染物，尤其是液體介質中的汙染物，需要採用與現有技術不同的方法。

And using an emerging technology like carbon nanotubes seemed like a logical and promising solution.

而使用像碳納米管這樣的新興技術似乎是一個合理而有前途的解決方案。

I named my device Tethys, after the Greek goddess of fresh water.

我給我的設備取名為 "特提斯"（Tethys），取自希臘神話中的淡水女神。

Tethys consists of a core device with a processor, a Bluetooth, inbuilt Bluetooth and a power source, a disposable lead sensor cartridge, and a smartphone that displays the results.

Tethys 由一個帶處理器、藍牙、內置藍牙和電源的核心設備、一個一次性鉛傳感器盒和一個顯示結果的智能手機組成。

When I dip this cartridge into the water I want to test, the lead in the water binds with the chloride ions doped within the carbon nanotubes in the disposable cartridge, forming lead chloride molecules.

當我把這個濾芯浸入要檢測的水中時，水中的鉛會與一次性濾芯中摻雜在碳納米管中的氯離子結合，形成氯化鉛分子。

This increases the amount of resistance to the flow of current and decreases the conductivity.

這增加了電流流動的阻力，降低了導電性。

The conductivity drop is correlated to the severity of lead compounds in water.

電導率的下降與水中鉛化合物的嚴重程度有關。

So, I've made it easier for the user by adding an Adafruit processor to measure all resistance and current values.

是以，我添加了一個 Adafruit 處理器來測量所有電阻和電流值，從而為用戶提供更多便利。

And with inbuilt Bluetooth, it sends the data to your mobile phone, which displays results of either safe, slightly contaminated, or critical.

通過內置藍牙，它可以將數據發送到您的手機上，並顯示安全、輕微汙染或嚴重汙染的結果。

Today, I'm unveiling the latest version of my device, which I designed and printed myself.

今天，我將推出我自己設計和打印的最新版設備。

The device is now 60% smaller and over 300% more power efficient.

現在，該設備的體積縮小了 60%，能效提高了 300%。

I'm using the latest communication protocol and controller, which significantly reduces the power needs of this device.

我使用的是最新的通信協議和控制器，這大大降低了該設備的功耗需求。

I've also updated the software to operate like an IoT sensor, so it crowdsources device data and stores it in a central database, which it then can be transferred for analytics and heat maps.

我還更新了軟件，使其像物聯網傳感器一樣運行，這樣它就可以眾包設備數據並將其存儲在中央數據庫中，然後可以將其傳輸到分析和熱圖中。

I've open-sourced my sensor analytics code as well as my Android app, and it's been downloaded and used for a few other projects as well.

我已經將傳感器分析代碼和安卓應用程序開源，並被其他一些項目下載和使用。

To improve the accuracy of my carbon nanotube sensor, I'm trying with other dopants, such as fluoride and iodide.

為了提高碳納米管傳感器的精度，我正在嘗試使用其他摻雜劑，如氟化物和碘化物。

At an R&D phase, the device costs about 1,300 rupees, with the cartridge costing around 30.

在研發階段，該設備的成本約為 1 300 盧比，墨盒成本約為 30 盧比。

I'm on track to bringing the price of the device down to 300 rupees, with the cartridge at around 10 rupees.

我正在按計劃將設備價格降至 300 盧比，墨盒價格約為 10 盧比。

I've secured some funding from investors, and with my own prize money, I hope to get the device out there soon.

我已經從投資者那裡獲得了一些資金，再加上我自己的獎金，我希望能儘快推出這款設備。

We've all heard about innovation and know a bit about it, but let me share my definition of it.

我們都聽說過創新，對它也略知一二，但請允許我分享一下我對創新的定義。

I look at innovation to be the continuous process of building and learning.

我認為創新是一個不斷建設和學習的過程。

Broadly, my principles of innovation are understand and relate.

總的來說，我的創新原則是理解和聯繫。

Understand, recognizing, and relating to the problem is the first step.

理解、認識和處理問題是第一步。

When I innovate, while learning science and technology is great, I prefer to look at what's already been done first.

當我進行創新時，學習科學技術固然很好，但我更願意先看看已經做過的事情。

Build something quickly, even if it's with Lego or cardboard boxes.

快速搭建一些東西，哪怕是用樂高或紙箱。

I like to build first, even if it starts out being very basic.

我喜歡先建造，哪怕一開始是非常基本的。

This might mean going back to step three.

Development is intended to be a repeated process.

I've used this process in many of my other devices, such as an Asclepias, a snakebite diagnostic tool, using non-contact thermography technology, and SalasChat, a cyberbullying prevention chat interface, using machine learning.

我在許多其他設備中都採用了這一流程，例如採用非接觸熱成像技術的蛇咬診斷工具 Asclepias，以及採用機器學習技術的預防網絡欺凌哈拉界面 SalasChat。

I hope these ideas can help spur innovation in others.

我希望這些想法能有助於激勵他人創新。

Change needs all of us, and science needs all of us, including girls.

變革需要我們所有人，科學需要我們所有人，包括女孩。

Unfortunately, statistically, there are fewer girls in STEM fields, regardless of the country we live in.

遺憾的是，據統計，無論我們生活在哪個國家，STEM 領域的女生人數都較少。

While around 80% of the jobs in the future will require STEM skills, only around 10% of girls show interest in STEM fields in high school.

雖然未來約 80% 的工作需要 STEM 技能，但只有約 10% 的女孩在高中時對 STEM 領域表現出興趣。

I increasingly find myself alone in science projects, engineering, and programming camps.

我發現自己越來越多地獨自參加科學項目、工程和編程訓練營。

This certainly isn't due to the lack of capability in girls.

這當然不是因為女孩缺乏能力。

All indications seem to be the lack of motivation and support.

種種跡象表明，他們似乎缺乏動力和支持。

Without girls getting excited about innovation, the problems of today and tomorrow can never be solved.

沒有女孩對創新的熱情，今天和明天的問題就永遠無法解決。

I'm doing my small part by partnering with the Children's Kindness Network and running STEM combined with kindness sessions for elementary schools.

我正在儘自己的綿薄之力，與 "兒童仁慈網絡"（Children's Kindness Network）合作，為小學舉辦 STEM 與仁慈相結合的課程。

I've provided research opportunities at universities, internships, and lab space at Denver Water.

我在丹佛水務公司提供了大學研究機會、實習機會和實驗室空間。

Somebody believed in me and invested in my research.

有人相信我，為我的研究投資。

An incubator is guiding me with commercial feasibility, and most of all, my schools and teachers have provided me with problem-based learning.

一個孵化器正在指導我進行商業可行性研究，而最重要的是，我的學校和老師為我提供了基於問題的學習。

Without their support, I wouldn't be here today.

沒有他們的支持，就沒有我的今天。

It needs companies and individuals that foster independent thinking, even if they are a bit unconventional.

它需要培養獨立思考能力的公司和個人，即使他們有點不按常理出牌。

We deserve an education system where we're judged on our ability to solve problems and learn from failures, and not just on our ability to get good scores.

我們理應擁有這樣的教育體系：我們的評判標準是解決問題和從失敗中吸取教訓的能力，而不僅僅是取得好成績的能力。

I'd like to request one thing from each of you.

我想請求你們每個人做一件事。

It would be that you seek a mentee and mentor them in the areas that they are passionate about.

那就是，你要尋找一個被指導者，並在他們熱衷的領域指導他們。

In addition, we can help by volunteering our time for the development of sciences, raising funds, and promoting awareness.

此外，我們還可以為科學發展、籌集資金和宣傳提供志願服務。

Innovation will continue to drive change and develop the world.

創新將繼續推動世界的變革和發展。

Our generation is growing up in a place where we're seeing problems that have never been seen or have never existed before, and we need to be a part of that change.

我們這一代人正在這樣一個地方成長，在這裡我們看到了從未見過或從未存在過的問題，我們需要成為變革的一部分。

India is a nation where women played a huge role in sending a satellite to Mars, but only around 14% of researchers are women.

在印度，女性在將衛星送上火星的過程中發揮了巨大作用，但只有約 14% 的研究人員是女性。

With the right focus, attention, and all of your help, India can lead the world in scientific innovation.

有了正確的關注、重視和你們的幫助，印度就能在科學創新方面引領世界。