and if you knew how to stop that, would you?

而你知道如何阻止悲劇 你會插手嗎?

Now imagine that 60 planes full of babies under five crash every single day

60架失事飛機上的兒童有多少

That's the number of kids that never make it to their fifth birthday

過不到5歲生日的兒童就有多少

6.6 million children never make it to their fifth birthday

660萬個孩子活不到五歲

Most of these deaths are preventable, and that doesn't just make me sad

大多數死亡是可以避免的 所以我除了心痛

it makes me angry, and it makes me determined

更感憤怒 同時也下定了決心

Diarrhea and pneumonia are among the top two killers of children under five

腹瀉和肺炎是5歲以下孩童的前兩大殺手

and what we can do to prevent these diseases isn't some smart, new technological innovations

科技的新穎小發明可沒法預防這些疾病

It's one of the world's oldest inventions: a bar of soap

最古老的發明之一肥皂 才有辦法

Washing hands with soap, a habit we all take for granted,can reduce diarrhea by half

用肥皂洗手 這個大家視為理所當然的小習慣 能減少1/2的腹瀉案例、

can reduce respiratory infections by one third.

1/3的呼吸道感染

Handwashing with soap can have an impact on reducing flu, trachoma, SARS, and most recently in the case of cholera and Ebola outbreak

還能降低得到流感、沙眼、嚴重急性呼吸道症候群、霍亂和伊波拉的機率

one of the key interventions is handwashing with soap.

重要介入措施之一就是洗手皂

Handwashing with soap keeps kids in school. It stops babies from dying

使用肥皂讓孩子們能繼續念書、拯救嬰兒生命、

Handwashing with soap is one of the most cost-effective ways of saving children's lives

也是保護孩童最經濟實惠的方法

It can save over 600,000 children every year

每年超過60萬名兒童因此存活下來

That's the equivalent of stopping 10 jumbo jets full of babies and children from crashing every single day

相當於每天阻止了10架載滿嬰兒及孩童的巨無霸客機墜落

I think you'll agree with me that that's a pretty useful public health intervention

這公共衛生介入措施非常有效 在座都同意吧?

So now just take a minute. I think you need to get to know the person next to you

現在請大家花一分鐘 去認識坐在自己隔壁的人

Why don't you just shake their hands. Please shake their hands

何不握個手? 請和對方握手

All right, get to know each other. They look really pretty. All right.

很好 互相認識一下 他真帥氣、她好美麗 行啦

So what if I told you that the person whose hands you just shook actually didn't wash their hands when they were coming out of the toilet?

如果發現剛握的手 上完廁所沒洗 你有什麼感覺?

They don't look so pretty anymore, right? Pretty yucky, you would agree with me.

「他好噁」、「她好髒」 你一定不能接受吧?

Well, statistics are actually showing that four people out of five don't wash their hands when they come out of the toilet, globally.

數據顯示80%的人上完廁所不洗手 各地都是

And the same way, we don't do it when we've got fancy toilets, running water, and soap available,

我們有高級廁所、自來水、肥皂可用 卻還是不洗手

it's the same thing in the countries where child mortality is really high.

跟那些孩童死亡率高到嚇人的國家一樣

What is it? Is there no soap?

怎麼回事? 那裡沒有肥皂嗎?

Actually, soap is available. In 90 percent of households in India

不是的 印度90%的家庭有肥皂

94 percent of households in Kenya, you will find soap

肯亞94%的家庭有肥皂

Even in countries where soap is the lowest, like Ethiopia, we are at 50 percent.

肥皂最不普及的國家－衣索比亞 都還有50%的家庭擁有肥皂

So why is it? Why aren't people washing their hands?

那是為什麼呢? 為什麼大家不好好洗手?

Why is it that Mayank, this young boy that I met in India, isn't washing his hands?

為什麼我在印度遇見的男孩馬揚科不洗手?

Well, in Mayank's family, soap is used for bathing, soap is used for laundry, soap is used for washing dishes

他們家的肥皂用來洗澡、洗衣、洗碗

His parents think sometimes it's a precious commodity, so they'll keep it in a cupboard

馬揚科的爸媽覺得肥皂有時候很珍貴 所以會放在碗櫥裡保管

They'll keep it away from him so he doesn't waste it.

不會給他用 免得他浪費

On average, in Mayank's family, they will use soap for washing hands once a day at the very best

平均來說 他們家一天最多用肥皂洗一次手

and sometimes even once a week for washing hands with soap

有時甚至一個禮拜才用肥皂洗一次

What's the result of that? Children pick up disease in the place that's supposed to love them and protect them the most, in their homes.

結果呢? 孩子們在本來應該受到最多關愛與呵護的地方－「家」 染上了疾病

Think about where you learned to wash your hands

回想一下你在哪學會洗手的

Did you learn to wash your hands at home? Did you learn to wash your hands in school?

家裡嗎? 還是學校?

I think behavioral scientists will tell you that it's very difficult to change the habits that you have had early in life

行為學家說「小時候養成的習慣很難改變」

However, we all copy what everyone else do

不過我們都會模仿他人

and local cultural norms are something that shape how we change our behavior, and this is where the private sector comes in

改變行為的方式 會受到當地文化規範的影響 私部門就在這邊發揮力量

Every second in Asia and Africa, mothers buy…111 mothers will buy this bar to protect their family

亞洲和非洲每秒有111個媽媽買肥皂 維護家人衛生

Many women in India will tell you they learned all about hygiene, diseases, from this bar of soap from Lifebuoy brand

印度很多女人說自己對衛生、疾病的認識從Lifebuoy(註: 聯合利華的肥皂牌子)而來

Iconic brands like this one have a responsibility to do good in the places where they sell their products

知名品牌有義務造福其銷售地

It's that belief, plus the scale of Unilever, that allows us to keep talking about handwashing with soap and hygiene to these mothers

就是這種信念 加上聯合利華(註: 食品、清潔劑、護理用具公司)的規模 我們才能持續向媽媽們傳播「用肥皂洗手」及「衛生保健」的概念

Big businesses and brands can change and shift those social norms and make a difference for those habits that are so stubborn.

大企業和品牌能將根深蒂固的惡習與社會常態改正過來

Think about it: Marketeers spend all their time making us switch from one brand to the other.

商人絞盡腦汁影響我們的購買決定

And actually, they know how to transform science and facts into compelling messages.

其實他們也懂得如何將科學和事實包裝成極具說服力的訊息

Just for a minute, imagine when they put all their forces behind a message as powerful as handwashing with soap

想像一下他們全力宣傳「用肥皂洗手」 會帶來多大的轉變

The profit motive is transforming health outcomes in this world.

獲利同時 也改善了全球的衛生狀況

But it's been happening for centuries: the Lifebuoy brand was launched in 1894 in Victorian England to actually combat cholera.

良性循環從維多利亞時期就已開始 Lifebuoy在1984年創立 旨在對抗霍亂

Last week, I was in Ghana with the minister of health,because if you don't know

上星期我和迦納的衛生部長碰面

there's a cholera outbreak in Ghana at the moment

霍亂正在當地肆虐

A hundred and eighteen years later, the solution is exactly the same

118年後的今天 解答還是一樣:

It's about ensuring that they have access to this bar of soap, and that they're using it

讓人民有肥皂可用、並確保他們真的有在用

because that's the number one way to actually stop cholera from spreading

就是防止霍亂擴散的最佳手段

I think this drive for profit is extremely powerful, sometimes more powerful than the most committed charity or government.

賺錢的動力 有時甚至比慈善機構或政府都來得強大

Government is doing what they can,

政府已經鼎力相助

especially in the term of the pandemics and epidemics such as cholera, or Ebola at the moment, but with competing priorities

尤其對霍亂和伊波拉等全國性的流行病不遺餘力 但不只有防治疾病需要用到錢

The budget is not always there.

資金並不穩定

And when you think about this, you think about what is required to make handwashing a daily habit

把洗手變成日常習慣

it requires sustained funding to refine this behavior

需要持續的資金投入

In short, those that fight for public health are actually dependent upon the soap companies to keep promoting handwashing with soap

總之 公共衛生的鬥士得依賴肥皂公司 才能推廣「用肥皂洗手」這觀念

We have friends like USAID, the Global Public-Private Partnership for Handwashing with Soap,

美國國際開發總署、全球公私用肥皂洗手合夥組織、

London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Plan, WaterAid, that all believe for a win-win-win partnership

倫敦衛生與熱帶醫學院、國際培幼會、水支援都有一樣的理想 相信能創造三贏的局面－

Win for the public sector, because we help them reach their targets

政府機關達成目標、

Win for the private sector, because we build new generations of future handwashers

公司創造新一代洗手用品的商機、

And most importantly, win for the most vulnerable

福澤廣披弱勢族群

On October 15, we will celebrate Global Handwashing Day

10月15號是全球洗手日

Schools, communities, our friends in the public sector and our friends in the private sector —yes, on that day even our competitors

我們和學校、社區、公私部門的夥伴、包括商業競爭對手

we all join hands to celebrate the world's most importantpublic health intervention

會一起慶祝有史以來最重要的公共健康介入

What's required, and again where the private sector can make a huge difference,

私部門真的是很重要的推手

is coming up with this big, creative thinking that drives advocacy

眼光遠大的創意思考能吸引更多支持

If you take our Help a Child Reach 5 campaign

「幫孩子活到5歲」運動

we've created great films that bring the message of handwashing with soap to the everyday person in a way that can relate to them

拍了一些很棒的宣傳片 講述大家用肥皂洗手這件事 可以如何回饋到小朋友身上

We've had over 30 million views.

影片已經有3000萬人點閱

Most of these discussions are still happening online. I urge you to take five minutes and look at those films

現在大家都還只在網路討論 我勸你花個五分鐘看看那些短片

I come from Mali, one of the world's poorest countries.

我來自馬利 全世界數一數二的窮國

I grew up in a family where every dinner conversation was around social justice

兒時晚餐桌上的談話 永遠圍繞著社會公平正義

I trained in Europe's premier school of public health

我在歐洲的頂尖學校接受公共衛生教育

I think I'm probably one of the only women in my country with this high degree in health

大概是馬利唯一擁有高等衛生學歷、

and the only one with a doctorate in handwashing with soap

研究用肥皂洗手的博士了

Nine years ago, I decided, with a successful public health career in the making

九年前 我決定創辦公共衛生事業

that I could make the biggest impact coming, selling and promoting the world's best invention in public health: soap.

並大大改變世界 所以我開始行銷公共健康領域最好的發明: 洗手皂

We run today the world's largest handwashing program by any public health standards

今天所有公衛組織都把我們評為最大型的計畫

We've reached over 183 million people in 16 countries

我們已幫助了1億8300萬人 足跡遍及16國

My team and I have the ambition to reach one billion by 2020

希望在2020年以前 能幫到10億人

Over the last four years, business has grown double digits, whilst child mortality has reduced in all the places where soap use has increased.

過去四年來 相關企業的營收成長了兩位數 肥皂使用率提高的地區 孩童的死亡率也都降低了

It may be uncomfortable for some to hear — business growth and lives saved somehow equated in the same sentence

企業賺錢和拯救生命可以兼得 有些人也許覺得不中聽

but it is that business growth that allows us to keep doing more.

但就是公司的獲利讓我們能夠繼續走下去

Without it, and without talking about it, we cannot achieve the change that we need.

沒有錢、不正視現實狀況 就無法達成需要的改變

Last week, my team and I spent time visiting mothers that have all experienced the same thing:

我上禮拜和團隊拜訪了幾位媽媽 她們都經歷過同樣的心碎:

the death of a newborn. I'm a mom.

新生兒的夭折 我自己也是媽媽

I can't imagine anything more powerful and more painful.This one is from Myanmar.

沒什麼比失去孩子更讓人心痛 這媽媽是緬甸人

She had the most beautiful smile, the smile, I think, that life gives you when you've had a second chance.

她的微笑比天使還美 重獲新生才有這種笑容

Her son, Myo, is her second one.

這是她的第二胎 米歐

She had a daughter who passed away at three weeks

第一胎的女兒在三個星期大的時候死了

and we know that the majority of children that actually die die in the first month of their life

「嬰兒出生後的一個月 生命最為脆弱」

and we know that if we give a bar of soap to every skilled birth attendant,and that if soap is used before touching the babies

「接觸嬰兒前 如果經驗純熟的看護有先用肥皂洗手

we can reduce and make a change in terms of those numbers

就可以降低那些統計數字」

And that's what inspires me, inspires me to continue in this mission

我就是這樣受到啟發、決定堅持使命的

to know that I can equip her with what's needed so that she can do the most beautiful job in the world:

只要有肥皂 媽媽們就能享受世上最溫馨美好的工作:

nurturing her newborn.

照料自己的小寶貝

And next time you think of a gift for a new mom and her family, don't look far

之後如果要送新手媽媽或她的家人禮物 不用上山下海去找

buy her soap. It's the most beautiful invention in public health.

就送肥皂吧 它是公共衛生界最棒的發明

I hope you will join us and make handwashing part of your daily lives

希望你加入我們 培養洗手的好習慣

and our daily lives and help more children like Myo reach their fifth birthday

由自身到他人 讓更多像米歐一樣的小朋友度過五歲生日

Thank you.

謝謝