Name: Blender 4.0 入門教程 - 第 2 部分：基本建模 (Beginner Blender 4.0 Tutorial - Part 2: Basic Modelling)
Uploaded: 2025-04-02T09:21:12.000Z
Duration: 18 min 39 s

動名詞

Now we know how Blender functions, let's start building that doughnut.

現在我們瞭解了 Blender 的功能，下面就開始製作甜甜圈吧。

現在進行式

So, as before, let's, uh, well first of all, just to repeat, make sure you are working with a new scene.

所以，和之前一樣，我們首先要重複一遍，確保你正在使用一個新場景。

Completely new scene, don't want any remaining monkey heads lying around.

全新的場景，不希望有剩餘的猴頭到處亂放。

Let's begin fresh slate, and let's delete our default cube, just with the delete key, and let's replace it with a new object.

讓我們重新開始，用刪除鍵刪除默認立方體，然後用一個新對象取而代之。

You might remember the hotkey for that is Shift-A.

And as I mentioned before, you usually want what is underneath mesh, because these are your primitives.

正如我之前提到的，你通常想要網格下面的東西，因為這些是你的基元。

So we want to start with something that most resembles what it is we're building.

是以，我們希望從最像我們正在建造的東西開始。

And if it was a house, you might start with a cube.

如果是一座房子，你可能會從一個立方體開始。

If it was a vase, you might start with a cylinder.

如果是花瓶，可以從圓柱體開始。

In our case, we want the doughnut-shaped one, although mathematicians call it a torus for some reason.

在我們的例子中，我們要的是甜甜圈形狀的，儘管數學家們出於某種原因稱其為環形。

Now if I zoom in by scrolling up, we can see we have something resembling a doughnut.

現在，如果我向上滾動放大，我們可以看到一個類似甜甜圈的東西。

Looks like a pretty weak looking doughnut, you know, very flimsy.

這個甜甜圈看起來很不結實，非常脆弱。

Looks like the, doughnut before it's cooked, when they just drop it into the vat, and it's just this little wispy thing.

看起來就像甜甜圈還沒熟的時候，他們剛把甜甜圈放進大桶裡的時候，甜甜圈就是這麼個小東西。

So immediately after you do some actions in Blender, you have options to change it.

是以，在 Blender 中執行某些操作後，您可以立即更改它。

And the options are hidden down here in the bottom left-hand corner.

You see a little box, and if you click that box, you see options.

你會看到一個小方框，點擊方框就會看到選項。

And look, we can change the dimensions of our torus.

Now something to note is that these options in Blender only appear immediately after you have that action.

需要注意的是，Blender 中的這些選項只會在您執行該操作後立即出現。

If you do another action, like say deselect your torus by mistake, it's gone, right?

如果你做了其他操作，比如錯誤地取消了對環的選擇，它就會消失，對嗎？

Because Blender has assumed you have moved on.

因為 Blender 認為你已經離開了。

You've accepted the state of your doughnut, and this is the one you want, right?

你已經接受了甜甜圈的現狀，這就是你想要的，對嗎？

Now if you haven't done anything drastic or changed this object in some severe way, you can temporarily bring it back by hitting F9.

現在，如果您沒有對該對象進行任何重大操作或嚴重更改，您可以按 F9 鍵暫時將其恢復原狀。

實際上，我從來不記得那個熱鍵。

I just remember that immediately after I have added an object, if I want to tweak it, now's my chance before I move on to something else.

我只記得，在添加完一個對象後，如果我想對它進行調整，現在就是我的機會，然後再去做其他事情。

Okay, so we could change, you know, the size of it here.

好吧，我們可以改變這裡的大小。

I'll use the term resolution loosely to make it higher or lower fidelity.

我將寬泛地使用 "分辨率 "一詞來表示保真度的高低。

And a mistake that a lot of beginners make, and I say this because this was the exact mistake I made way back in 2003 when I need a realistic looking doughnut, so I guess I need to go really high resolution.

很多初學者都會犯一個錯誤，我之所以這麼說，是因為早在 2003 年我需要一個逼真的甜甜圈時，我就犯過這樣的錯誤，所以我想我需要非常高的分辨率。

I remember my first project, one of my first projects, was for a high school film project, and I wanted to have a close-up of a face.

我記得我的第一個項目，也是我的第一個項目之一，是高中的一個電影項目，我想拍一個面部特寫。

Didn't realize faces were going to be difficult, but I went really high poly, and then it was just an absolute nightmare to work with.

我並沒有意識到臉部會很難處理，但我採用了非常高的多邊形，這絕對是工作中的噩夢。

So the problem, the reason you don't want this, is that for starters, things that are high poly are very slow to render, and they're very hard to work with if you want to tweak the shape of it.

所以問題在於，你不想這樣做的原因是，首先，高聚物的渲染速度非常慢，而且如果你想調整它的形狀，也很難操作。

But also, as you learn and you grow with 3D, you'll discover that it is a lot easier to add resolution to something later on, but it's very difficult to take it away if you've already built it into it and you don't need it.

不過，隨著 3D 技術的學習和成長，你會發現，以後再為某樣東西添加分辨率會容易得多，但如果你已經在其中內置了分辨率，而你又不需要它，那麼要將其移除就非常困難了。

So, long way to say, what we actually want is to have as few polys, these are called polys, as you can get away with.

所以，長話短說，我們實際上想要的是儘可能少的多極體（這些被稱為多極體）。

So I'm going to go with 32 major and 12 minor.

所以我選擇 32 個大項和 12 個小項。

And don't worry that it looks all jagged, because we will fix that in a moment.

不用擔心它看起來參差不齊，因為我們馬上就會解決這個問題。

Now, the major and minor, this is really up to you, but I find that something that looks kind of chunky, like a fat donut, just looks really delicious.

現在，主要的和次要的，這真的取決於你，但我發現看起來有點大塊的東西，就像一個胖胖的甜甜圈，看起來真的很好吃。

So I'm going with something around about this size, okay?

所以我打算用這個大小的東西，好嗎？

And once I'm happy with this, once I'm ready to click off, I click off, the options are gone, and this is it.

一旦我對此感到滿意，準備點擊關閉，我就會點擊關閉，選項就會消失，就是這樣。

This is the donut that I am now working with.

這就是我現在正在製作的甜甜圈。

So how do we make this look higher resolution, less jagged?

那麼，如何讓它看起來分辨率更高，鋸齒更少呢？

So if you right click with your object selected, go to shade smooth.

是以，在選中對象後點擊右鍵，轉到陰影平滑。

And look at that, this is immediately better.

Without getting too technical, this is kind of a fakery.

不說太深的專業術語，這也算是一種偽造。

It's sort of like the shader is telling the renderer that this is a really high poly dense mesh when it really isn't.

這有點像著色器在告訴渲染器，這是一個非常高的多邊形密集網格，但實際上並不是。

It's just basically kind of like averaging out faces.

這基本上就像是把人臉平均化。

And anyway, it's very technical, but basically means it's not going to add anything to your render time, but it's going to look smoother.

總之，這很專業，但基本上不會增加渲染時間，但看起來會更流暢。

And so this is generally what you want for something that is smooth and organic looking like we want.

一般來說，這就是我們想要的光滑和有機外觀。

If you were rendering like architectural or like hard surfaces, like later on, we're going to put this on a counter, then the object would obviously want to be flat.

如果你渲染的是建築或堅硬的表面，比如稍後我們要把這個放在櫃檯上，那麼物體顯然希望是平的。

But in our case, we're just going to use shade smooth.

但在我們的案例中，我們只使用光滑的陰影。

But you might notice that looking at this, especially if you go side on, that you've got this sort of jagged shape around here, right?

但你可能會注意到，看著這個，特別是如果你從側面看，你會發現這裡有一種鋸齒狀，對嗎？

So the silhouette is really breaking that illusion that this is a high poly or a smooth looking donut.

是以，輪廓確實打破了這是一個高聚物或看起來光滑的甜甜圈的錯覺。

But thankfully, rather than adding all of that complex density into the mesh itself, and then making it hard to remove later on, there is another way through modifiers.

但值得慶幸的是，與其將所有複雜的密度添加到網格本身，導致以後難以移除，還不如通過修改器來實現。

So if we go over here to our properties, right, this very confusing, lots of option looking properties, click on the wrench.

是以，如果我們進入屬性頁面，點擊 "扳手"，就會發現這裡有很多選項，讓人眼花繚亂。

And this is the section called modifiers.

And this is one of those object dependent things.

這也是一種依賴於對象的東西。

So if you've got your camera selected, you won't see it.

是以，如果您選擇了相機，就不會看到它。

So it's only when you've got actual meshes that you might see this modifier here.

是以，只有當你有實際的網格時，你才可能在這裡看到這個修改器。

So it's much easier to explain if we just add one.

是以，如果我們只增加一個，解釋起來就容易多了。

So up here, add modifier, and you've got a range of options here that can do a whole number of things.

是以，在這裡添加修飾符，你就有了一系列選項，可以做很多事情。

The one that we're looking for is generate, and it is called subdivision surface.

我們要找的是生成器，它叫做細分曲面。

And it is a really common modifier that you use all the time.

這是一個非常常見的修飾詞，你經常會用到。

In fact, it's so common, it's actually, you can just immediately add it to any object just by hitting control one, but don't do that because we've already got it.

事實上，它非常常見，你只需點擊控件 1，就能立即將它添加到任何對象中，但不要這麼做，因為我們已經有了它。

Now, some of you might have just discovered that your donut has disappeared.

現在，有些人可能剛剛發現自己的甜甜圈不見了。

If that is the case, you need to go to edit preferences, and then underneath viewport, where it's got subdivision at the very bottom, disable GPU subdivision.

如果是這種情況，您需要進入編輯偏好設置，然後在視口最下方有細分的地方，禁用 GPU 細分。

That will then make the subdivision perform on your CPU instead, instead of your GPU, which is maybe non-existent or not performing whatever, but disable that and it should appear.

這將使細分程序在 CPU 上執行，而不是在 GPU 上執行，因為 GPU 可能不存在或不執行任何功能，但禁用該功能後，細分程序就會出現。

But if it's already working for you, don't disable it, keep it going because GPU will be faster.

但如果它已經在為你工作，不要禁用它，繼續使用它，因為 GPU 會更快。

Well, it's a lot easier to explain if we look at the shade flat mode, because we're not being tricked by the smooth shading there.

如果我們看一下平鋪陰影模式，解釋起來就容易多了，因為我們不會被那裡的平滑陰影所欺騙。

If I set this levels viewport to zero, this is our original mesh.

如果我將視口設置為零，這就是我們的原始網格。

This is before we add the subsurface essentially.

When we increase this, you can see that it is adding resolution to our mesh.

當我們增加這個值時，你可以看到它正在增加網格的分辨率。

And the more I increase this viewport levels here, the finer and finer that detail becomes.

視口級別越高，細節就越精細。

So to explain it, because this is such a very, very common modifier, it's kind of important to understand how it's working.

為了解釋清楚，因為這是一個非常非常常見的修改器，所以瞭解它的工作原理非常重要。

You can see that this is, these squares here, these are called faces, by the way.

你可以看到，這裡的這些方格，順便說一下，這些方格被稱為 "面"。

And for each one of these faces here, as I add a level, you can see it's becoming four faces, right?

對於這裡的每一個面，當我增加一個層次時，你可以看到它變成了四個面，對嗎？

And then now if I zoomed in on this one face here, if I do another level, that's now become four faces.

現在，如果我放大這裡的一個面，如果我再放大一層，現在就變成了四個面。

And then if I zoom in again, it's now become four faces.

如果我再次放大，它就變成了四張臉。

And you might also know that it is smoothing it out as well.

你可能還知道，它也在撫平它。

Like this jagged edge that we've got here, you can see now becomes smoother.

就像我們這裡的鋸齒狀邊緣，你可以看到現在變得平滑了。

So to quickly visualize that, if I just draw it, like imagine you've got like a 90 degree corner, right?

所以，為了快速直觀地理解這一點，如果我畫一下，想象一下你有一個 90 度的角，對嗎？

If you add a subsurf modifier, what it's going to do is it's going to add a point here, right?

如果你添加了一個子曲面修改器，它的作用就是在這裡添加一個點，對嗎？

It's also going to take that point there and it's going to average it out.

It's going to average it out between these points.

它將在這兩個點之間求取平均值。

And it's going to create another one there and another one there.

它還會在那裡創造出另一個，又在那裡創造出另一個。

So you then from having that really hard corner there to having something that looks a lot smoother.

這樣，你就能從那個非常堅硬的拐角處，變得看起來平滑許多。

So it's going to take a point and it's also going to change it to make it look smoother, generally speaking.

是以，一般來說，它會取點，也會改變點，使其看起來更平滑。

So now as I increase this, you can see it's getting smoother and smoother.

是以，當我增加這個數字時，你可以看到它變得越來越平滑。

Now, the reason there are two options here, you've got levels viewport and levels render.

現在，這裡有兩個選項，一個是 "視口"，另一個是 "渲染"。

So reminder, this gray area that we operate in is called our viewport.

所以提醒大家，我們操作的這個灰色區域叫做我們的視口。

So as an example, you could see if I just turned it off for the viewport, it looks very jagged.

舉個例子，你可以看到，如果我關閉了視口，它看起來就會非常參差不齊。

But then for my render, if I increase that to three, if I do my render, which you could go up there and render image or remember the hotkey F12, you can see that that donut is now smooth, but I go back and you can see it's jagged.

但在渲染時，如果我將渲染值增加到三，如果我進行渲染，你可以上去渲染影像，或者記住熱鍵 F12，你可以看到甜甜圈現在是平滑的，但我返回去，你可以看到它是鋸齒狀的。

So the viewport, you want to generally keep it lightweight.

是以，視口一般要保持輕量級。

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Blender 4.0 入門教程 - 第 2 部分：基本建模 (Beginner Blender 4.0 Tutorial - Part 2: Basic Modelling)

term

scale

average

immediately