Calculation is the process of coming up with good ideas for yourself and realizing your opponent's best move in the process, going down a few moves, evaluating the position, coming back, and making a decision.

計算就是為自己想出好主意，並在此過程中意識到對手的最佳棋步，下幾步棋，評估局面，回過頭來再做決定。

Or for my under 1,000 players, it's not hanging a piece in one move.

或者說，對於我的 1000 分以下的棋手來說，不是一步棋就能掛掉一個棋子。

In this video, I'm going to get you thinking on the right track about how to calculate better as a chess player so you will understand videos like this.

在這段視頻中，我將引導你走上正確的軌道，瞭解作為棋手如何更好地計算，這樣你就能看懂這樣的視頻了。

Here I take.

給你

If here, I go check.

如果在這裡，我就去看看。

If here, I go check.

如果在這裡，我就去看看。

Bishop b2, king e2, bishop d2, king d2, b5, e3. g8, I take.

主教 b2，國王 e2，主教 d2，國王 d2，b5，e3。

I go rook h6, bishop d5, rook h8, mate.

我走車h6，象d5，車h8，交配。

You will learn concepts like the checklist, which is figuring out what your opponent wants to do, looking for your forcing moves, checks, captures, and attacks.

您將學習到一些概念，如 "檢查表"，即弄清對手想要做什麼，尋找自己的逼迫棋步、制子、吃子和攻擊。

And you will also learn the advanced concept of the process, which is coming up with an idea, finding a negative verdict with it, either fixing it or discarding it, evaluating a position, coming all the way back, and choosing between two options.

你還將學習到流程的先進理念，即提出一個想法，找到它的負面評價，要麼修正它，要麼放棄它，評估一個立場，一路返回，在兩個選項中做出選擇。

Timestamps are on the video player.

時間戳在視頻播放器上。

We're going to do a lot of different fun things.

我們會做很多有趣的事情。

Here we go.

開始了

So we kick things off with beginners.

是以，我們從初學者開始。

And I don't really know what the rating cutoff here is necessarily.

而且我也不知道這裡的評級分界線是什麼。

I'm just going to say it like the ceiling is 1,000.

我想說的是，上限是 1000。

But some of the 1,100s and 1,200s watching might also benefit from this.

但一些 1100 分和 1200 分的觀眾也可能從中受益。

We're going to start introducing the concept of the checklist.

我們將開始介紹核對表的概念。

But as a beginner, you need to minimize your one-move damage.

但作為初學者，你需要儘量減少單步傷害。

You need to evaluate what's under attack and what you can do of the one-move nature for both yourself and your opponent.

你需要評估受到攻擊的是什麼，以及你能為自己和對手做什麼。

And let's introduce the checklist.

讓我們來介紹一下清單。

Two of my subscribers volunteered.

我的兩位訂戶自告奮勇。

Shout out to Mango.

向 Mango 致敬

We're going to look at their games.

我們來看看他們的比賽。

Then we're going to solve some exercises based on this kind of stuff.

然後，我們要解決一些基於這類問題的練習。

So here we go.

那麼，我們開始吧。

E4, C6.

E4、C6。

First, we have the opening stage.

首先是開幕式。

Mango plays the Karo-Khan defense.

芒果採取的是卡羅-汗防禦戰術。

All good.

一切順利。

D4, Knight to F6.

D4，騎士至 F6。

Not the most accurate move.

不是最準確的動作。

It's slightly better in this position to play E6 so that you don't get hit with this move, E5.

在這種局面下，下 E6 會稍好一些，這樣就不會被 E5 這步棋擊中。

But still not a blunder.

但仍然不是失誤。

As far as I'm concerned, this is totally okay.

在我看來，這完全沒問題。

Now, Knight to H5 is kind of the first inaccuracy.

現在，"騎士到 H5 "是第一個不準確的地方。

But this is still the opening knowledge.

但這仍然是開場知識。

Understand.

瞭解。

Listen to me.

聽我說

Opening knowledge and understanding how to get out of the opening is not calculation.

開局知識和了解如何擺脫開局並不是計算。

You need to have a good opening set of fundamentals, okay?

你需要有一套良好的開場基本功，好嗎？

Here, Black is able to kind of mitigate the fact that they don't have such a great position.

在這裡，黑方可以緩解他們並不佔優的局面。

Okay, but now here we go.

好了，現在我們開始吧。

One-move attack over there.

單步攻擊

This move drastically weakens this Knight.

這步棋極大地削弱了騎士的力量。

So the first thing that I'm thinking of in this position is to bring in this Bishop because that pins the Knight.

是以，在這個位置上，我首先想到的是讓主教走棋，因為它可以夾住騎士。

And it's very difficult to defend because, for example, if Queen to d2, how do we apply more pressure here?

而且很難防守，因為，舉個例子，如果Queen到d2，我們如何在這裡施加更大的壓力？

Queen to a5, and the game is just over.

皇后到 a5，比賽就結束了。

Like, you take the Knight, and then it's like this and this is all falling apart.

比如，你帶著 "騎士"，然後就像這樣，這一切都分崩離析了。

Now, what's harder here is what to do after Bishop to d2.

現在，更難的是畢曉普到 d2 之後該怎麼辦。

This is where it gets a little bit tricky.

這就有點棘手了。

And this is where we start applying that checklist.

這就是我們開始使用核對表的地方。

Number one, what does the opponent want?

第一，對手想要什麼？

Well, the opponent is just defending their Knight.

對手只是在保護自己的騎士。

Okay, do I have any checks?

好吧，我有支票嗎？

No.

不

Do I have any captures?

我有任何捕捉到的畫面嗎？

Yes.

是的。

I have this, but that doesn't do anything.

我有這個，但沒有任何作用。

I also have this.

我還有這個。

What does that do?

這有什麼用？

That undefends the d4 pawn, which is hard to see.

這樣一來，d4 兵就不設防了，而這是很難看到的。

But that will add an attacker to this and to that.

但這樣一來，這個和那個都會增加一個攻擊者。

And that's bad news.

這是一個壞消息。

Now, what does this do for the opponent?

現在，這對對手有什麼好處呢？

This is where it gets hard.

這就是困難的地方。

This is where you have to pay extra attention.

這就是你必須格外注意的地方。

The Knight is hanging.

騎士被絞死了。

But if I look at one more forcing move, I attack their Knight as well.

但如果我再看一步逼迫棋，我也會攻擊他們的騎士。

If they take my Knight, I take their Knight.

如果他們帶走我的騎士，我也帶走他們的騎士。

We've emerged with an extra pawn.

我們又多了一顆棋子。

But even better, we're probably going to win a second pawn.

但更好的是，我們很可能會贏得第二個棋子。

And there is even a chance that we win a Rook.

我們甚至有可能贏下一輛車。

Okay, and potentially a second Rook.

好吧，可能還有第二個 "車"。

Potentially.

有可能

Not if they defend all the best ways.

如果他們捍衛了所有最好的方法，那就不會了。

So when you have these one-movers, beginners, you can immediately swarm weaknesses if they are available.

是以，當你有了這些單兵作戰的新手時，只要有他們在，你就可以立即一擁而上，擊潰弱點。

That is the immediate calculation.

這就是眼前的計算結果。

We will do positions later in this video which are not this simple.

我們將在本視頻的稍後部分進行體位訓練，而體位訓練並非如此簡單。

That don't have these immediate ramifications.

這不會產生直接影響。

Okay, Black plays c5.

好吧，黑方下 c5。

Not a terrible move, but Bishop b4 was obviously a lot stronger.

這步棋並不難下，但主教 b4 顯然要強得多。

Now, here you take, take.

現在，你拿著，拿著。

Now, what's hanging here?

現在，這裡掛著什麼？

Okay, what's hanging?

好吧，掛著什麼？

The Knight.

騎士

Okay, that's how the position changes.

好吧，這就是位置的變化。

But Black finds a move kind of following along with their plan, which attacks the Knight on c3.

但黑方找到了一步與他們的計劃相吻合的棋，即攻擊 c3 的馬。

That's perfectly good.

這很好。

That's a good bit of calculation.

算得真準。

Okay, now White plays Knight to a4.

好的，現在白方下騎士至 a4。

Your Knight is hanging.

你的騎士被絞死了

Your Queen is hanging.

你的王后被吊死了

What do you do?

你是做什麼的？

You have to save the Queen.

你必須拯救女王

But how are you going to save the Queen and the Knight?

但你打算如何拯救王后和騎士呢？

Oh, by giving a check.

哦，給一張支票。

Oh, I like that.

哦，我喜歡。

Okay, so you're not going to save either of them.

好吧，你救不了他們倆。

King moves.

國王行動

Now, this is a problem.

現在，這是一個問題。

So what do you do?

那你該怎麼辦？

You give another check.

你再給一張支票。

Now, White in this position had just moved the King, right?

現在，白方在這個局面中剛剛移動了國王，對嗎？

So White ended up moving the King again.

於是白方最終再次移動了國王。

But this is wrong.

但這是錯誤的。

Why?

為什麼？

Well, the Knight is still hanging.

好吧，騎士還在懸崖上。

And you're in check.

而你也被控制住了。

So how do you make sure you can win the Knight and it's not going to go anywhere?

那麼，如何確保你能贏得 "騎士"，而它又不會消失呢？

By just bringing the Bishop back.

只要把主教請回來就可以了。

Because now the Queen hangs and the Knight is hanging.

因為現在皇后掛了，騎士也掛了。

You see what I'm talking about?

你明白我在說什麼嗎？

That is how you would do it.

你應該這樣做。

By moving the King, this gives Black a full move to play this.

通過移動國王，黑方有完整的一步棋可以下這步棋。

And now Black safeguards their Knight.

現在黑方保護他們的馬。

They can still lose a pawn.

他們仍然可以失去一個棋子。

They can still lose a pawn.

他們仍然可以失去一個棋子。

But that is how these one-movers work.

但這就是這些單人搬運車的工作原理。

Bishop back to e2 is a very difficult move to play considering White has already moved to f1.

考慮到白方已經移至 f1，象回到 e2 是非常難下的一步棋。

But that is...

但這...

You need to be cerebral enough to pick this stuff up in game flow.

你需要有足夠的頭腦，才能在遊戲流程中掌握這些東西。

Like, oh, I can win the Knight.

比如，哦，我能贏騎士。

I can win the Knight because it can't move anywhere.

我可以贏得騎士，因為它無法移動。

But it can be protected.

但它可以得到保護。

And if I just move my Bishop back to block...

如果我把主教移到後面去擋...

By the way, blocking checks is a big blind spot for beginners.

順便說一句，阻擋檢查是初學者的一大盲點。

Like, they often move the King when it's check.

比如，他們經常在國王受制時移動國王。

Or, you know, they don't want to trade Queens.

或者，你知道，他們不想交易皇后區。

Now Black safeguards.

現在是黑色保障措施。

Now White plays this move.

現在白方下這一步棋。

That move doesn't make any sense.

此舉毫無意義。

That move is designed to prevent me from castling.

這步棋的目的是防止我棄子。

Black just develops.

黑色只是在發展。

And now White plays g4.

現在白方下 g4。

Oh!

哦！

Turns out that that move did have an idea.

原來，那一招確實有辦法。

And it was to trap the Knight and not let the Knight escape.

這就是為了困住騎士，不讓騎士逃脫。

There you go.

這就對了。

That's a very tough move to see.

這是一個非常艱難的舉動。

I don't actually know if that was the full extent of White's idea.

我不知道懷特的想法是否完全如此。

But credit to White because I'm not gonna lie.

但這要歸功於懷特，因為我不會撒謊。

I didn't even see that in the middle of the game flow.

我甚至在比賽流程中都沒看到這一點。

So there you go.

就是這樣。

Very tricky idea.

非常棘手的想法。

Now Knight takes pawn.

現在騎士吃卒。

Free pawn.

免費典當。

You see?

看到了嗎？

We're picking this up.

我們要把它撿起來。

Now, ladies and gentlemen.

現在，女士們先生們

Why is Queen takes pawn bad?

皇后吃卒為什麼不好？

Why is Queen takes pawn bad?

皇后吃卒為什麼不好？

Like, let's say you were playing with the White pieces here.

比方說，你在這裡下的是白棋。

You want to play Queen takes pawn.

你想下 "皇后吃卒"。

Oh, I'm pinning the Knight to the Rook.

哦，我在把騎士釘在車上。

If the Knight moves, I take everybody.

如果騎士移動，我就帶走所有人。

Because, and I can flip this just to show you.

因為，我可以翻轉這個給你看。

If Queen takes pawn, Knight takes Bishop.

如果皇后吃卒，騎士吃象。

It's check.

檢查。

And you lose your Queen.

你就會失去王后。

You play this move because you see this.

你走這步棋是因為你看到了這一點。

But you forget your Queen is guarding your Bishop.

但你忘了你的皇后在保護你的主教。

These one movers happen all the time.

這種 "一動不動 "的情況時有發生。

And that is something that we have to pick up on as beginners.

作為初學者，我們必須學會這一點。

But this game concluded with the Knight getting taken.

但這場比賽最終以騎士被俘而告終。

A trade.

交易

Long Castle.

龍堡

Now Long Castle stopped protecting the f7 pawn.

現在龍城不再保護 f7 卒了。

Okay?

好嗎？

Queen f7.

皇后 f7。

And now e6 is under attack.

現在，e6 受到攻擊。

So Black plays d3.

於是黑方下 d3。

Just pushing a pawn.

只是推一個小卒。

Not really.

其實不然。

Not really sure what's going on there.

我不太清楚這是怎麼回事。

Queen takes pawn.

皇后吃卒。

Check.

檢查。

King b8.

國王 b8

Now White plays c3.

現在白方下 c3。

Attacking the Bishop.

攻擊主教

You cannot take this.

你不能拿這個。

Right?

對不對？

But Black plays another really nice move.

但黑方又下了一步非常漂亮的棋。

Not moving the Bishop.

不動主教

Counterattacking the Queen.

反擊女王

Danger levels.

危險等級。

Rook c8.

車 c8.

Very nice move.

幹得漂亮

Activating the Rook.

激活 "車"。

Queen moves out of the way.

女王閃開了。

And now the Bishop comes back.

現在主教回來了。

Trade of Bishops. c4.

交換主教 c4.

Okay.

好的

Queen b4.

皇后 b4

Queen d1.

皇后 d1。

And remember that at this point the players are in a little bit of a time trouble.

請記住，此時球員們的時間有點緊張。

So obviously like one movers are getting overlooked.

很明顯，像這樣的搬運工被忽視了。

Now one last thing I want to draw your attention to in this game.

現在，我想提醒大家注意本場比賽的最後一件事。

What is the softest spot near the King?

國王身邊最柔軟的地方是哪裡？

This.

這。

You have a Rook there, right?

你有一個車，對嗎？