Cheap labor became the drug of Western economies.

廉價勞動力成為西方經濟的毒品。

And I'd say that if you look in nearly every country from Canada to the UK that imported large amounts of cheap labor, you've seen productivity stagnate.

我想說的是，如果你看看從加拿大到英國，幾乎所有引進了大量廉價勞動力的國家，你都會發現生產力停滯不前。

And I don't think that's not a total happenstance.

我認為這並非完全偶然。

I think that the connection is very direct.

我認為這種聯繫非常直接。

I'd say that globalization's hunger for cheap labor is a problem precisely because it's been bad for innovation.

我要說，全球化對廉價勞動力的渴求之所以成為問題，正是因為它不利於創新。

Both our working people, our populace, and our innovators gathered here today have the same enemy.

無論是我們的勞動人民、我們的民眾，還是今天聚集在這裡的創新者，都有同一個敵人。

In the long run, it's technology that increases the value of labor.

從長遠來看，是技術提高了勞動力的價值。

Innovations like the American system and the interchangeable parts revolution it sparked, or Ford's moving assembly line that skyrocketed the productivity of our workers.

創新，如美式系統及其引發的可互換零部件革命，或福特移動式裝配線使我們工人的生產率直線上升。

That's how American industry became the envy of the world.

美國工業就是這樣成為世界羨慕的對象的。

There were two conceits that our leadership class had when it came to globalization.

談到全球化，我們的領導力課程有兩個自負。

The first is assuming that we can separate the making of things from the design of things.

首先是假定我們可以將事物的製造與事物的設計分開。

The idea of globalization was that rich countries would move further up the value chain while the poor countries made the simpler things.

全球化的理念是，富國在價值鏈上更上一層樓，而窮國則生產更簡單的東西。

You would open an iPhone box and it would say, designed in Cupertino, California.

打開 iPhone 的包裝盒，上面寫著：加利福尼亞州庫比蒂諾設計。

The implication, of course, is that it would be manufactured in Shenzhen or somewhere else.

當然，這意味著它將在深圳或其他地方生產。

Yeah, some people might lose their jobs in manufacturing, but they could learn to design or, to use a very popular phrase, learn to code.

是的，有些人可能會失去製造業的工作，但他們可以學習設計，或者用一句非常流行的話來說，學習編碼。

But I think we got it wrong.

但我認為我們搞錯了。

It turns out that the geographies that do the manufacturing get awfully good at the designing of things.

事實證明，從事製造業的地區在設計方面非常出色。

There are network effects, as you all well understand.

網絡效應是存在的，這一點大家都很清楚。

The firms that design products work with firms that manufacture.

設計產品的公司與製造產品的公司合作。

They share intellectual property.

它們共享知識產權。

They share best practices.

他們分享最佳做法。

And they even sometimes share critical employees.

有時，他們甚至共享重要的員工。

Now, we assume that other nations would always trail us in the value chain, but it turns out that as they got better at the low end of the value chain, they also started catching up on the higher end.

現在，我們假設其他國家在價值鏈上總是落後於我們，但事實證明，隨著他們在價值鏈的低端做得更好，他們也開始在高端迎頭趕上。

We were squeezed from both ends.

我們被兩頭擠壓。

Now, that was the first conceit of globalization.

這就是全球化的第一個設想。

I think the second is that cheap labor is fundamentally a crutch.

我認為第二點是，廉價勞動力從根本上說是一種柺杖。

And it's a crutch that inhibits innovation.

這也是阻礙創新的一根柺杖。

I might even say that it's a drug that too many American firms got addicted to.

我甚至可以說，太多的美國公司沉迷於這種毒品。

Now, if you can make a product more cheaply, it's far too easy to do that rather than to innovate.

現在，如果你能以更低的成本生產產品，那麼這樣做比創新要容易得多。

And whether we were offshoring factories to cheap labor economies or importing cheap labor through our immigration system, cheap labor became the drug of Western economies.

無論是將工廠離岸外包給廉價勞動力經濟，還是通過移民制度進口廉價勞動力，廉價勞動力都成為西方經濟的毒品。

And I'd say that if you look in nearly every country from Canada to the UK that imported large amounts of cheap labor, you've seen productivity stagnate.

我想說的是，如果你看看從加拿大到英國，幾乎所有引進了大量廉價勞動力的國家，你都會發現生產力停滯不前。

And I don't think that's not a total happenstance.

我認為這並非完全偶然。

I think that the connection is very direct.

我認為這種聯繫非常直接。

Now, one of the debates you hear on the minimum wage, for instance, is that increases in the minimum wage force firms to automate.

現在，你聽到的關於最低工資的辯論之一就是，最低工資的提高會迫使企業實現自動化。

So a higher wage at McDonald's means more kiosks.

是以，麥當勞的工資越高，就意味著福利社越多。

And whatever your views on the wisdom of the minimum wage, I'm not going to comment on that here.

無論你對最低工資是否明智有什麼看法，我都不會在這裡發表評論。

Companies innovating in the absence of cheap labor is a good thing.

企業在缺乏廉價勞動力的情況下進行創新是件好事。

I think most of you are not worried about getting cheaper and cheaper labor.

我想你們大多數人並不擔心勞動力越來越便宜。

You're worried about innovating, about building new things, about the old formulation of technology is doing more with less.

你們擔心創新，擔心製造新東西，擔心技術的老提法是少花錢多辦事。

You guys are all trying to do more with less every single day.

你們每天都在努力少花錢多辦事。

And so I'd ask my friends, both on the tech optimist side and on the populist side, not to see the failure of the logic of globalization as a failure of innovation.

是以，我想請我的朋友們，無論是科技樂觀主義者還是民粹主義者，不要把全球化邏輯的失敗看作是創新的失敗。

Indeed, I'd say that globalization's hunger for cheap labor is a problem precisely because it's been bad for innovation.

事實上，我要說的是，全球化對廉價勞動力的渴求之所以成為問題，正是因為它不利於創新。

Both our working people, our populace, and our innovators gathered here today have the same enemy.

無論是我們的勞動人民、我們的民眾，還是今天聚集在這裡的創新者，都有同一個敵人。

And the solution, I believe, is American innovation.

我認為，解決之道就是美國的創新。

Because in the long run, it's technology that increases the value of labor.

因為從長遠來看，是技術提高了勞動力的價值。

Innovations like the American system and the interchangeable parts revolution it sparked, or Ford's moving assembly line that skyrocketed the productivity of our workers.

創新，如美式系統及其引發的可互換零部件革命，或福特移動式裝配線使我們工人的生產率直線上升。

That's how American industry became the envy of the world.

美國工業就是這樣成為世界羨慕的對象的。

And that's what I really want to talk about today, why innovation is key to winning the worldwide manufacturing competition, to giving our workers a fair deal, and to reclaiming our heritage via America's great industrial comeback.

這就是我今天真正想談的，為什麼創新是贏得全球製造業競爭的關鍵，是給予我們的工人公平待遇的關鍵，也是通過美國工業的偉大復興重拾我們的傳統的關鍵。

And I believe that's what we're on the cusp of, a great American industrial comeback.

我相信，這就是我們正處於風口浪尖上的美國工業大卷土重來。

Because innovation is what increases wages.

因為創新才能提高工資。

It's what protects our homelands.

它保護著我們的家園。

I know we have a lot of defense technology companies here.

我知道這裡有很多國防科技公司。

It's what saves troops' lives on the battlefield.

正是它在戰場上拯救了部隊的生命。

And I know everyone here today largely agrees.

我知道今天在座的各位基本上都同意這一點。

It's why we have some of the greatest inventors and thinkers in energy, precision machining, countless critical high-value industries just in this room.

這就是為什麼我們在能源、精密加工和無數重要的高價值行業中擁有最偉大的發明家和思想家的原因。

And I think the other thing that unites all of you is that you're builders.

我認為把你們團結在一起的另一點是，你們都是建設者。

And I use that word, deliberate.

我用了 "刻意 "這個詞。

I was very moved by Mark's manifesto from a few years ago about America.

馬克幾年前關於美國的宣言讓我非常感動。

We are a nation of builders.

我們是建設者的國度。

We make things.

我們製造東西。

We create things.

我們創造事物。

Each of you came to this summit, not because you developed some flash-in-the-pan application, but because you're building something very real.

你們每個人都來參加這次峰會，不是因為你們開發了什麼曇花一現的應用程序，而是因為你們正在構建一些非常真實的東西。

You're raising new factories.

你們正在籌建新的工廠。

You're turning profits back into R&D.

你把利潤轉回研發。

And you're creating new, good-paying jobs for your fellow Americans.

你們為美國同胞創造了新的高薪工作。

And this is why I'm such huge fans of yours, of Ben's and Mark's, and of the entire endeavor.

這就是為什麼我是你的忠實粉絲，本和馬克的忠實粉絲，以及整個努力的忠實粉絲。