Watch this. Left, yep right, go back to the right. It's easy!

看好了，左邊，對，右邊，回到右邊。左邊，對，右邊，回到右邊。這很簡單！

[unintelligible] flip. 1..2..3.. Yeah!

[聽不懂]翻轉。1..2..3..3...

Awesome!

厲害！

So, as a kid

所以，作為一個孩子

I spent many an hour in a book about the drawings of Leonardo Da Vinci. In particular

我在一本關於達文西繪畫的書中度過了許多小時。特別是

his flying machines. Check out this medieval helicopter. It looks like

他的飛行器。看看這架中世紀的直升機 它看起來像

it would work, but you can't really judge a book by it's cover because there's no way to provide counter torque to the

它將工作，但你不能真正判斷一本書，它'的封面，因為有'沒有辦法提供反扭矩的

body of the aircraft. Modern day helicopters do this by providing a counter

的機身。現代的直升機通過提供反作用力來實現這一點。

torque rotor on a boom, a tail rotor. This works by

臂上的轉矩轉子，尾部轉子。其工作原理是

stopping the rotation of the helicopter. But here's what you haven't thought about.

停止直升機的旋轉。但這裡'是你沒有想到的。

You are, after all, applying a force to a free floating body, which means that

你畢竟是在對一個自由漂浮的物體施加一個力，這意味著

body wants to drift. So how does a helicopter keep from drifting?

身體要漂移。那麼，直升機怎麼才能不漂移呢？

We're gonna take a journey. We're gonna go from a top level knowledge of how helicopters

我們要去旅行。我們將從一個高層的知識如何直升機。

work to a really deep understanding. How you doing Mr Ledbetter?

工作到一個真正深刻的理解。你好嗎，萊德貝特先生？

Hi, I'm Richard Ledbetter. I'm a docent at the National Air and Space Museum. (Destin) Alright! So what do you have to show us today

嗨，我'理查德-萊德貝特。我是國家航空和航天博物館的講解員好吧！你今天要給我們看什麼？

about how helicopters work. (Mr Ledbetter) Well, I guess what we're gonna talk about is kinda the

關於直升機如何工作。我想我們要討論的是... ...

main rotor system on a conventional helicopter, and the main rotor system basically provides

傳統直升機上的主旋翼系統，主旋翼系統基本上提供了

both the lift and the control for the helicopter.

既是直升機的升降，又是直升機的控制。

And how we control the helicopter is by varying the pitch at each of the rotor blades.

而我們如何控制直升機，就是通過改變每個旋翼處的螺距。

(Destin) So how do you vary the pitch on a helicopter when it's rotating, when the blades are rotating?

(Destin)那麼，當直升機旋轉時，當葉片旋轉時，你如何改變它的俯仰角呢？

We use, on most helicopters, we use something called a swashplate,

我們使用，在大多數直升機上，我們使用的東西稱為斜盤。

and essentially what a swashplate does, is it converts non-rotating to rotating

基本上，斜盤的作用是將非旋轉的部件轉化為旋轉的部件。

control motion. We have two kinds of control for the helicopter, and

控制運動。我們對直升機的控制有兩種，分別是?

for cyclic inputs, what happens is that that

對於週期性輸入，會發生什麼呢？

swashplate will just simply rotate forward or rotate aft, and that

斜盤只是簡單地向前旋轉或向後旋轉，而那

changes the input to each of the rotor blades, but for collective pitch what will happen is that

改變了每個轉子葉片的輸入，但對於集體螺距，將發生的是

swashplate will actually move up or down. That will actually change

劍板實際上會向上或向下移動。這實際上會改變

the pitch in both of those rotor blades at exactly the same time.

這兩片轉子葉片的節距在完全相同的時間。

(Destin) Ohh! OK I just learned something. So in summary there's

好吧，我剛剛學到了一些東西。所以總的來說

three types of control. There's collective pitch, there is cyclic pitch,

三種控制方式。有'的集體音調，有循環音調。

and there's antitorque. Of course antitorque is the rotor system on the back. (Destin) So lets start with

和有'的antitorque。當然反扭矩是指後面的轉子系統 Of course antitorque is the rotor system on the back.(Destin)所以讓我們從

collective Carl. So what is this magical device right here?

集體卡爾。那麼這個神奇的裝置是什麼？

(Carl) This is the swashplate, and this is the source of all control for any helicopter.

這就是斜盤, 這是任何直升機所有控制權的源頭

Any direction the swashplate moves, for the most part, the helicopter

任何方向的斜盤移動，大多數情況下，直升機

follows. So the collective is where you change the

以下。所以集體是你改變的地方

pitch of both blades, either up or down, and that pulls the helicopter

兩片葉片的俯仰角，無論是向上還是向下，都會拉動直升機，使其在空中飛行。

up or down. You do not control the altitude of the helicopter by the speed

上升或下降。您不能通過速度來控制直升機的高度。

of the blades. That stays the same. (Destin) It's translated up or down, and that

的刀片。那保持不變。它被翻譯成向上或向下，而這

controls how much of a bite of air the rotors take. Is that correct?

控制著轉子所承受的空氣量。是這樣嗎？

(Carl) That is. Yep. Absolutely. And that'll actually make the helicopter either go up or

(卡爾)那是。是的。絕對是這樣這實際上會使直升機要麼上升，要麼下降。

down. Or if it's upside down, it's backwards. (Destin) Oh yeah, cause it's upside down.

下。或者如果它是倒著的 那就是倒著的了哦，是的，因為它是顛倒的。

Cause I'm a helicopter genius. [laugh] (Carl) The tail rotor, just like the main blades

因為我是個直升機天才 'Cause I'm a helicopter genius.尾旋翼和主葉片一樣，都是用尾槳做的。

never changes speed, so in order to control the thrust, we

永不改變速度，所以為了控制推力，我們要

change the pitch on the blades, so it can push or pull

改變葉片的節距，使其可以推拉。

in both directions. (Destin) And the reason it does that, it's basically a reaction

在兩個方向上它之所以會這樣做 基本上是一種反應...

torque to what's going on up here. The blades are putting a torque into the body

扭矩到什麼'是怎麼回事在這裡。刀片正在把一個扭矩到身體

is that correct? (Carl) Yep the act of spinning the blades makes the helicopter want to go the opposite direction.

是這樣嗎？是的，旋轉葉片的行為 使得直升機想往相反的方向飛。

(Destin) Makes sense. Can you show me what cyclic pitch looks like now.

有道理你能告訴我現在循環音調是什麼樣子的嗎。

(Carl) Cyclic pitch is where the swashplate tilts, and through the linkage

(Carl)週期性俯仰是指斜盤傾斜的地方，並通過聯動裝置

controls the pitch of the blades and changes it every revolution

控制葉片的間距，每轉一圈就改變一次。

to control the pitch and roll of the helicopter.

以控制直升機的俯仰和滾動。

(Destin) Give me cyclic pitch in this direction.. OK but then if I rotate it

(Destin) 給我這個方向的循環音調... 好的，但如果我旋轉它

it'll change as it goes around correct? (Carl) It does change. (Destin) So.. so.. that

它會隨著時間的推移而改變，對嗎？確實會變所以... 所以... 那...

linkage rides on the swashplate and then pushes up on the side of the

連桿騎在斜盤上，然後推上斜盤的側面。

blade, and then that in turn changes the blade depending on where it is in the

刀片，然後再根據刀片的位置改變刀片的位置。

rotation of the rotor shaft right? (Carl) Correct. (Destin) Alright. And so, what does that do for ya?

轉子軸的旋轉，對嗎？(Carl) 正確(Destin) Alright.那麼，這對你有什麼好處呢？

(Carl) That lets me flip it any way I want to.

這讓我想怎麼翻就怎麼翻。

[laughs] (Destin) That lets me do wizardry.

[笑] (Destin)這讓我可以施展魔法。

[rotor noise]

[轉子噪音]

OK now you speak helicopter.

好了，現在你說的是直升機。

And for the next few videos, prepare for your mind to be blown, but we're going to be using these fundamental terms

而在接下來的幾個視頻中，準備好你的頭腦會被炸開，但我們'將使用這些基本的術語。

so get ready.

所以做好準備。

Go ahead and subscribe so you can see this video series. It's worth it.

繼續訂閱，這樣你就可以看到這個視頻系列。它'是值得的。

[rotor noise]

[轉子噪音]

[music]

[音樂]

[ Captions by Andrew Jackson ]

[安德魯-傑克遜的字幕]

Captioning in different languages welcome. Please contact Destin if you can help.

歡迎使用不同語言的字幕。如果你能幫忙，請聯繫Destin。