Name: 簡易棋局終局：車與卒 (EASY CHESS ENDGAMES: Rook & Pawn)
Uploaded: 2025-03-01T14:01:59.000Z
Duration: 23 min

The game of chess is separated into three parts, the opening, the middle game, and the end game.

棋局分為三個部分，即開局、中局和尾局。

情態助動詞 A2

End games can be a little bit more boring and mysterious to study, but you absolutely should, because they're theoretical, which means they're solved, which means that if you're winning a position, you'll know how to win it, and if you're losing, you might know how to draw it using certain tricks.

端遊的研究可能會比較枯燥和神祕，但你絕對應該去研究，因為它們是理論性的，這意味著它們是可解的，這意味著如果你贏了一個局面，你就會知道如何贏得它，如果你輸了，你可能會知道如何利用某些技巧扳平它。

to 不定詞

In this video, I'm going to show you all the basics of rook and pawn end games.

在本視頻中，我將向您展示車兵殘局的所有基本知識。

We're going to look at a few theoretical examples, ones that have solutions and concepts already built in, and then at the end, we will look at a practical example.

我們先看幾個理論示例，其中已經包含了解決方案和概念，最後再看一個實際示例。

Timestamps on the video player, as always.

視頻播放器上的時間戳一如既往。

So, the very basic rook and pawn end game position is one that looks like this.

是以，最基本的車卒殘局局面是這樣的。

It's just the absolute basic, and I'm going to introduce a few terms that you're going to be hearing throughout this video.

這只是最基本的，接下來我會介紹幾個術語，你們在整個視頻中都會聽到。

So you've got this pawn, and it wants to become a queen, and you have a rook in the way, and the king is going to walk with this pawn together to get the pawn to promote.

所以，你有這個兵，它想變成皇后，你有一個車擋著，國王要和這個兵一起走，讓這個兵晉級。

Ideally, the rook will have to sacrifice itself for it, and you'll be left with king and rook versus king, and you win the game.

理想的情況是，車必須為它犧牲自己，這樣就剩下國王和車對國王，你就贏了這盤棋。

The enemy king is not where it needs to be, which is as close to the pawn as possible, literally in front of it, in an ideal situation, and your rook is cutting off this king.

敵方的王並不在它應該在的位置上，在理想的情況下，它應該儘可能地靠近小卒，也就是在小卒的前面，而你的車正在切斷這個王。

This king is very far away, three files away, actually, from any sort of defense.

這個國王離任何防禦都很遠，實際上有三檔之遙。

This is completely winning for white, and you would win it by going like this, king to e5, trying to push the pawn.

這對白棋來說完全是勝局，你可以這樣走，國王走到 e5，試圖推兵。

Doesn't really matter where you move the king.

You can move in front, and then slide over.

你可以移動到前面，然後滑過去。

You can also go here, threatening to push.

您也可以點擊這裡，威脅推送。

If I give you another check, notice that you've now zigzagged, and my rook cannot check you anymore.

如果我再給你一次將，注意你現在已經走 "之 "字形了，我的車不能再將你了。

If my rook goes to somehow try to hit you from behind, this is called a backward defense, backward check.

如果我的車試圖從後面攻擊你，這叫做後退防禦、後退制衡。

You don't want to necessarily move in front of your pawn.

I'll go here, push, and now there is a technique for me to get out, avoid getting hit by so many of your checks, and winning the game.

我走到這裡，用力一推，現在有一種技巧可以讓我脫身，避免被你的許多支票擊中，贏得比賽。

That is essentially the point, and again, your king is very, very, very far away.

這就是關鍵所在，再說一遍，你們的國王離我們非常非常非常遙遠。

So this is the absolute basic understanding of what this video is all about and why it's important, because some of these things are a little bit harder than others.

這就是我們對這段視頻的基本理解，以及為什麼它很重要，因為有些事情比其他事情要難一些。

And the very first position we are going to look at has the king very close to our pawn and our king and everything like that, right?

我們要看的第一個局面中，國王非常靠近我們的兵和國王，諸如此類，對嗎？

So here, you are pushing the pawn forward.

所以在這裡，你是在把兵往前推。

Your king is moving forward, but it's black's move.

你的王正在向前移動，但這是黑棋的一步棋。

This one is known as the Philidor defense, and what Philidor defense means is black needs to defend the sixth rank.

這一招被稱為菲利多防禦，菲利多防禦的意思是黑棋需要防守第六級。

If you are defending on the opposite side, like you are playing with the white pieces, it would be the third rank, but in general, two ranks away from promotion.

如果您是在對面防守，比如您下的是白棋，那就是第三級，但一般來說，離晉級還有兩級。

Because now the king cannot get closer, and essentially what black wants, black doesn't care about checks because the king can shuffle back and forth as long as the rook is moving like that.

因為現在國王無法靠近，而黑棋本質上想要的是什麼，黑棋並不關心檢查，因為只要車這樣走，國王就可以來回洗牌。

If the pawn goes forward to create a shield for the king, because then you will check and potentially mate the enemy king, oh, this happened?

如果兵向前走，為國王制造盾牌，因為這樣你就可以制衡敵方國王，並有可能與之交配，哦，發生了什麼？

好的，很好，讓我們一路向下。

Because now the white king cannot hide from the checks.

因為現在白王無法躲避檢查了。

If the white king comes closer, you have a backward check.

如果白王走得更近，你就可以後退。

And the second the king starts to drift and run over that way, I mean, you can continue to check me if you want, at a certain moment you can go back and just target the pawn because it's impossible to defend it if the king wanders too far in the distance.

一旦國王開始漂移並向那邊跑過去，我的意思是，如果你想的話，你可以繼續檢查我，在某一時刻，你可以回去，只針對小兵，因為如果國王在遠處漂移得太遠，就不可能防守住它了。

I mean, this is the easiest way to draw, sixth rank or third rank defense.

我的意思是，這是最簡單的繪製方法，六級或三級防禦。

But one more thing about this kind of position is that you notice black's king and rook are on the back rank.

但這種局面還有一個特點，那就是你會發現黑棋的王和車都在後排。

And actually, depending on where the pawn is, you can just put your king and rook on the back rank, and it doesn't really actually matter about Philidor.

實際上，根據兵的位置，你可以把國王和車放在後排，這對菲力多爾來說並不重要。

Back rank defense, just putting your king and rook on the back rank like this, king in front of the pawn, is a draw if the pawn is a, b, or g, h.

後排防禦，就是像這樣把王和車放在後排，王在卒的前面，如果卒是a、b或g、h，就是和棋。

Okay, so if it's a, b, or g, h, you can just go back to the back rank and you don't have to worry.

好吧，如果是 a、b 或 g、h，你可以回到後面的等級，不必擔心。

So why is this not a draw if you just do back rank defense?

那麼，如果只是進行後排防守，為什麼不是平局呢？

Let's say black goes, okay, no Philidor, just gonna hang out on the back rank, it doesn't matter.

比方說，黑棋說，好吧，我不下菲力多，就在後排等著，沒關係。

Okay, king g6, okay, it doesn't matter, I'm gonna go here.

好吧，國王 G6，好吧，沒關係，我就走這裡。

Okay, f6, doesn't matter, back rank defense.

好吧，F6，沒關係，後排防守。

I mean, there is a little technique here for white.

我的意思是，這裡有一個小技巧，是給白人的。

Check, okay, let's say king, king, I mean it doesn't really matter, let's say king to h8.

將軍，好吧，我們說國王，國王，我的意思是這並不重要，我們說國王到 h8。

Check again, king goes here, and now we use this pawn to check.

再次將軍，國王走這裡，現在我們用這隻兵將軍。

And we win like this, and we win, game's over.

我們就這樣贏了，我們贏了，比賽就結束了。

Of course, we win the rook, we make a queen, you know how to do ladder checkmate, not teaching you that in this video.

當然，我們贏了車，做了後，你知道怎麼做梯子將死，這個視頻裡不教你。

However, notice if we go back just a couple moves, like let's say this position.

但是，請注意，如果我們往回走幾步，比方說這個位置。

This technique just simply doesn't exist in this position.

這種技術在這個位置上根本不存在。

Because if you give a check, you don't have an extra file.

因為如果你給的是支票，就不會有額外的文件。

And if you go g7 now going for this, you actually lose the game.

如果你現在走 g7，實際上就輸掉了這盤棋。

Because black checks you, you lose your rook, you lose your pawn, you lose.

因為黑棋會吃掉你的車，吃掉你的兵，你就輸了。

So, you know, it really matters. a, b, g, h are the correct pawns to use back rank defense.

a、b、g、h 是用於後排防守的正確棋子。

However, if you don't want to, 6th rank defense is known as Philidor, the pawn cannot cross.

然而，如果你不想這樣做，第 6 位的防禦被稱為 "Philidor"，兵不能越過。

And if the pawn does cross, you jump all the way down to the corner, and you give checks from the back.

如果小卒真的過了，你就一路跳到角上，然後從後面給棋。

But in this example, the king was in front of the pawn.

但在這個例子中，國王在兵的前面。

Here is an example where our king or the defensive king is cut off.

這裡有一個我們的國王或防守國王被切斷的例子。

In this case, it's only cut off by one rank.

在這種情況下，它只減少了一個等級。

So, okay, it's not like the end of the world.

所以，好吧，這又不是世界末日。

But the white king has managed to zigzag, zigzag, and get in front.

但白棋國王卻 "之 "字形、"之 "字形地走到了前面。

And the pawn is one score away from promotion.

而這枚棋子距離晉級只差一分。

Now, at this moment, the king cannot move anywhere.

現在，此時此刻，國王哪兒也不能去。

But this is called now the Lucena position.

但現在這被稱為 "盧塞納立場"。

I should have put it in, like, down there instead of white and black.

我應該把它放在下面，而不是白色和黑色。

In the Lucena position, white has a technique to get the king out and then promote a pawn.

在盧塞納局面中，白棋有一個技巧，就是先讓王出去，然後再推進一個兵。

And what white does here is white gives a check first.

白棋在這裡的做法是，白棋先下一步。

This king has to make a difficult decision.

這位國王必須做出一個艱難的決定。

If the king stays as close to the pawn as possible, we just slide our king over and there's no check.

如果國王儘可能靠近小兵，我們就可以把國王滑過去，這樣就不會吃掉小兵了。

It doesn't matter if we lose our pawn because we're going to win the rook.

即使我們丟了兵也沒關係，因為我們會贏得車。

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簡易棋局終局：車與卒 (EASY CHESS ENDGAMES: Rook & Pawn)

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