字幕列表 影片播放
Okay, this time I'll be runway 4, turning left, 4252G.
好的,這次我在4號跑道左轉,4252G
Third time will be a charm.
第三次一定會成功
That was Dana and those were her final words before she made a tragic mistake and crashed in a parking lot near the airport.
這就是達娜,也是她在犯下悲慘錯誤、墜毀在機場附近停車場前的最後一句話。
Unfortunately, she wasn't the only one on board and this tragedy never should have happened.
不幸的是,船上不止她一個人,這場悲劇本不該發生。
That's why I'm going to tell her story and explain the truth about the mistake that got
這就是為什麼我要講述她的故事,並解釋那個錯誤的真相。
Dana killed.
丹娜被殺了
I'm Hoover and welcome to your Pilot Debrief.
我是胡佛,歡迎收聽飛行員彙報。
Our story begins on the morning of June 9, 2016, when Dana Gray was getting ready to take a flight from Oklahoma City down to Houston, Texas.
我們的故事要從 2016 年 6 月 9 日早晨說起,當時達娜-格雷正準備搭乘從俄克拉荷馬市飛往得克薩斯州休斯頓的班機。
Traveling with Dana was her husband, Tony, and they had just celebrated their 26th wedding anniversary.
與達娜同行的還有她的丈夫託尼,他們剛剛慶祝了結婚 26 週年。
Also on board the plane was Tony's brother, Jerry, who was just 27 years old.
託尼的弟弟傑瑞也在飛機上,他當時只有 27 歲。
And I think that one of the most tragic parts of the story is that the reason they were flying to Houston was to visit Tony and Jerry's father, who was undergoing cancer treatment.
我認為故事中最悲慘的部分是,他們飛往休斯頓的原因是去看望託尼和傑瑞正在接受癌症治療的父親。
The aircraft they were flying in was a 2012 Cirrus SR-20.
他們乘坐的飛機是 2012 年的 Cirrus SR-20。
This is a very safe aircraft to fly because it's equipped with modern technology and one of the unique features of the aircraft is that it comes with a built-in parachute that
這架飛機的飛行非常安全,因為它配備了現代技術,而且其獨特之處在於內置降落傘,可使飛機在飛行過程中保持穩定。
Dana can use in emergency, but we'll talk more about what happened with that later.
丹娜可以在緊急情況下使用,但我們稍後會詳細討論這一點。
For right now, the main thing you need to know is they have plenty of fuel and the aircraft was within the weight and balance limits for the flight.
目前,您需要知道的主要情況是,他們有充足的燃料,飛機的重量和平衡都在飛行限制範圍內。
Additionally, the weather at the airport was VFR with broken clouds at 3,600 feet, but
此外,機場天氣為 VFR,3600 英尺處有碎雲,但
Dana remained clear of the clouds and below the weather for her flight into Houston.
在飛往休斯頓的途中,達娜始終保持雲淡風輕的狀態。
According to the investigation, Dana earned her private pilot certificate on May 2, 2014, and she had about 330 hours of total flight time with over 300 hours in the Cirrus SR-20.
根據調查,達娜於 2014 年 5 月 2 日獲得私人飛行員證書,她的總飛行時間約為 330 小時,其中駕駛 Cirrus SR-20 的時間超過 300 小時。
However, one of the requirements for private pilots is that they accomplish a flight review at least once every 24 months, and at the time of the accident, Dana was overdue for this review by one month.
然而,對私人飛行員的要求之一是至少每 24 個月完成一次飛行審查,而在事故發生時,達納已逾期一個月未接受審查。
Even though the NTSB didn't list this as a contributing factor to the crash, I thought it was worth mentioning because perhaps that review might have made just enough difference to prevent this tragedy.
儘管 NTSB 並未將此列為導致墜機的一個因素,但我認為這一點還是值得一提的,因為也許這一審查就足以避免這場悲劇的發生。
As Dana got ready for the flight, her plan was to fly into the Houston Hobby Airport located on the south side of Houston, Texas.
當達娜做好飛行準備時,她的計劃是飛抵位於德克薩斯州休斯頓南側的休斯頓霍比機場。
I think this was probably one of the first mistakes she made because the airport is in
我認為這可能是她犯的第一個錯誤之一,因為機場在
Class B airspace and Dana had very little experience doing something like this.
B 級空域,而 Dana 做這種事的經驗很少。
In fact, the truth is Dana had only landed four times at airports located in Class B airspace over the last two years, and there was no evidence she had ever been into a Houston
事實上,在過去兩年中,丹娜只在 B 類空域的機場降落過四次,而且沒有證據表明她曾進入過休斯頓機場。
Hobby before.
之前的愛好
The reason this is a problem for someone like Dana is because Class B airspace surrounds the busiest airports in America, and that means there's usually a lot of airliner traffic flying at much faster approach speeds than Dana was going to fly.
這對像 Dana 這樣的人來說之所以是個問題,是因為 B 類空域環繞著美國最繁忙的機場,這意味著通常會有很多客機以比 Dana 要飛的更快的速度飛來。
That means she needed to have a very solid understanding of how to get into the airport, the runway configuration, and any contingencies that might come up.
這意味著她需要對如何進入機場、跑道配置以及可能出現的任何突發情況有非常紮實的瞭解。
Specifically, the Houston Hobby Airport at the time of the tragedy had four runways.
具體來說,悲劇發生時,休斯頓霍比機場有四條跑道。
The winds were out of the east, and that meant all of the airliners were landing on runway 04.
風從東面吹來,這意味著所有客機都在 04 號跑道上著陸。
Now, there was nothing wrong with Dana planning to land on runway 04, but if there was too much airliner traffic, then she needed to be ready to land on runway 35 since that was the runway more commonly used by smaller airplanes.
現在,丹娜計劃在 04 號跑道降落並沒有錯,但如果客機流量太大,那麼她就需要準備在 35 號跑道降落,因為小型飛機更常用 35 號跑道。
I think a much better option for Dana would have been for her to land at the Sugar Land
我認為,對 Dana 來說,更好的選擇是讓她在糖城降落。
Regional Airport, and that way she could have stayed below the Class B airspace and she wouldn't have to worry about the airliners.
這樣她就可以呆在 B 級空域以下,也就不用擔心客機了。
That might mean driving an extra 45 minutes after she landed, but I can promise you that drive would have been a lot less stressful than what Dana had to go through.
這可能意味著她著陸後要多開 45 分鐘的車,但我可以向你保證,那段路程會比達娜所經歷的壓力小得多。
The truth is that most of the flight was uneventful as they made their way down to Texas, but as soon as Dana was told to contact the tower controller, that's when things started to go wrong.
事實上,在他們飛往德克薩斯州的途中,大部分飛行都很順利,但當 Dana 被告知要與塔臺管制員聯繫時,事情就開始出錯了。
Cirrus 4252G at 1,500 feet.
Cirrus 4252G 在 1 500 英尺高空。
Cirrus 4252G, how are you?
Cirrus 4252G,你好嗎?
Number 2 following a 737 on a 3-mile final.
二號機在 3 英里的決賽跑道上緊跟一架 737 飛機。
Caution, turbulence.
注意,有湍流。
Runway 04, clear to land.
04號跑道,可以降落
We'll be runway...
我們將在跑道上...
Number 2 following the Boeing runway 04, clear to land.
2號跟著波音04號跑道,可以降落。
4252G.
4252G.
Cirrus 5252G, maintain maximum forward to the speed of stable and proceed to direct the numbers.
Cirrus 5252G,保持最大前進速度至穩定,然後開始指揮數字。
The 737 is on a 9-mile final following you for the 80 knot overtake.
737 飛機在 9 英里的最後航程上緊跟著你,準備以 80 節的速度超車。
Okay, I'll proceed direct to the numbers and keep the speed up.
好吧,我直接說數字,保持速度。
4252G.
4252G.
Dana was cleared to land on runway 04, and when the controller told her to proceed direct to the numbers, he meant for her to point straight at the end of the runway.
Dana 獲准降落在 04 號跑道上,當管制員告訴她直接前往編號處時,他的意思是讓她直指跑道盡頭。
And that's because he was trying to sequence her between a couple of 737s that were also trying to land on runway 04.
這是因為他當時正試圖在幾架同樣試圖降落在 04 號跑道上的 737 飛機之間為她排序。
One of those airliners is 80 knots faster and rapidly closing in on her, and this is exactly the type of contingency that she needed to be prepared for in Class B airspace, and it's always going to happen when you least expect it.
其中一架客機的速度比她快 80 節,並迅速向她逼近,而這正是她在 B 類空域需要準備應對的突發情況,它總是會在你最意想不到的時候發生。
Now pay attention to what happens next and the timing of the radio calls.
現在請注意接下來發生的事情以及無線電呼叫的時間。
Cirrus 5252G.
Cirrus 5252G。
4252G.
4252G.
Yeah, I got traffic behind you.
你後面堵車了
Just go around and fly runway heading now.
現在就繞過去飛跑道航向。
Maintain VFR.
保持 VFR
I'm going to put you back in a downwind for runway 35.
我要把你送回35號跑道的下風方向
The winds are 090 at 13, gust 18.
風速 090 米/秒,陣風 18 米/秒。
Can you accept runway 35?
你能接受 35 號跑道嗎?
We'll do go around and line up for runway 35.
我們繞過去,在 35 號跑道排隊。
Downwind.
順風。
Cirrus 5252G.
Cirrus 5252G。
Fly runway heading for runway 404 right now.
現在飛往 404 跑道。
We'll fly runway heading for 04.
我們從跑道飛往04號。
4252G.
4252G.
First of all, I don't think there was anything wrong with the controller telling Dana to go around.
首先,我不認為控制員讓 Dana 繞過去有什麼問題。
Technically, he could have told the 737 to go around, but runway 35 was available and it was common practice for the tower to switch smaller aircraft over to that runway.
從技術上講,他本可以讓這架 737 飛機繞道而行,但 35 號跑道是可用的,而且塔臺通常的做法是讓較小的飛機轉到該跑道。
That said, when the controller asked Dana if she could accept that, did you notice how she responded without any hesitation?
話雖如此,當控制員問丹娜能否接受時,你注意到她是如何毫不猶豫地回答的嗎?
The truth is what she should have said is standby.
事實上,她應該說的是待命。
Because at that point, she was still about a mile from runway 4 and there was no reason to rush things.
因為此時,她距離 4 號跑道還有大約一英里,沒有理由操之過急。
She needed to think about the fact that the winds were 090 at 13 gusting to 18 knots.
她需要考慮的是,風速為 090,風速 13,陣風 18。
That meant if she was going to land on runway 35, then she'd have almost a direct crosswind of up to 18 knots and a tailwind of about 3 knots.
這意味著,如果她要在 35 號跑道上著陸,那麼她幾乎會遇到高達 18 節的直接橫風和大約 3 節的尾風。
If that was something she wasn't comfortable with or it exceeded the limits of the aircraft, all she had to say was unable.
如果她覺得不合適,或者超出了飛機的極限,她只需說 "不能"。
And chances are the tower controller would have sent her back to approach control to be re-sequenced for runway 4 and this mishap never would have happened.
而塔臺管制員很可能會讓她返回進場控制中心,重新調整 4 號跑道的航向,這樣就不會發生這次事故了。
Instead, she agreed with the plan.
相反,她同意了這個計劃。
452G, when able, go ahead and make a right downwind now for runway 35 and then we'll just go ahead and keep that right turn runway 35 clear to land.
452G,如果可以,現在向35號跑道右下風 然後我們繼續右轉,35號跑道可以降落。
Okay, make a right downwind for runway 35.
好的,向右下風,35號跑道。
452G, yes, and just keep the right turn all the way around.
452G,對,一直右轉。
You're just going to roll right into the base for runway 35, clear to land.
你將直接駛入35號跑道的基地,可以著陸。
I've got another 737 on 5 mile final to runway 4 and you're going to be in front of him.
我有另一架 737 飛機在離 4 號跑道 5 英里的最後跑道上,而你會在他前面。
425G, turning around for runway 35.
425G 調頭飛往 35 號跑道。
Okay, 552G, yeah, let's just enter the right downwind for runway 35.
好的,552G,是的,我們進入35號跑道的右下風。
Right downwind 35, 425G.
右下風 35,425G。
452G, I'll call your right base now.
452G,我現在給你的右側基地打電話。
This is where the downwind leg for runway 35 should be and Dana was probably confused because she wasn't prepared and maybe unfamiliar with runway 35.
這裡應該是 35 號跑道的下風段,Dana 可能是因為沒有做好準備,也可能是不熟悉 35 號跑道而感到困惑。
She was only about 500 feet above the ground so all he wanted her to do was fly past runway 35 and make a turn to keep the pattern tight so that way she could land on runway 35 before another 737 landed on runway 4.
她離地面只有大約 500 英尺,所以他只想讓她飛過 35 號跑道,然後轉個彎,讓模式保持緊湊,這樣她就能在另一架 737 降落在 4 號跑道之前降落在 35 號跑道上。
However, I think the controller eventually realized that spacing wasn't going to work and that's why he just said enter the downwind and I'll call your base.
不過,我想控制員最終還是意識到間隔是行不通的,所以他才直接說進入下風方向,我會呼叫你的基地。
This is what I'm talking about when it comes to the challenges of flying a small plane in Class B airspace.
這就是我所說的在 B 類空域駕駛小型飛機所面臨的挑戰。
You have to be ready for it, but more importantly, if you're not, then you need to speak up and tell the controller, stand by or enable.
你必須為此做好準備,但更重要的是,如果你沒有做好準備,那麼你就需要大聲告訴控制人員,要麼待命,要麼啟用。
You need to aviate, navigate, then communicate.
您需要飛行、導航,然後進行交流。
Fly the plane first, figure out what you're doing and where you're going, and then talk to the controller.
先開飛機,搞清楚自己在做什麼,要去哪裡,然後再與控制員對話。
But instead of doing that, Dana started the turn downwind.
但達納並沒有這麼做,而是開始順風轉彎。
Cirrus 5-2-G, 737, that's your 2 o'clock and 3 miles at 900 feet inbound for runway 4, advise that traffic in sight.
Cirrus 5 -2 -G 737 你在2點鐘方向 3英里處 900英尺處 向4號跑道進發 請告知已看到飛機
I have traffic in sight, 4-2-5-2-G.
我看到交通了,4 -2 -5
Cirrus 5-2-G, make a right base behind that traffic, runway 35, clear to land, you're going to be following them, they're going to be landing across the runway prior to your arrival.
Cirrus 5-2-G,在35號跑道後方右轉,準備降落,你要跟著他們,他們會在你到達前穿過跑道降落。
We'll make a right base following them, 4-2-5-2-G, 4-3-5.
我們跟著他們右轉 4 -2 -5
When Dana started the turn to the downwind, she should have rolled out pointing south, but instead she kept turning until she was heading about 2-2-0, which is essentially on a downwind leg for runway 4.
當 Dana 開始轉向順風方向時,她本應朝南翻滾,但她卻一直轉向,直到航向大約為 2-2-0,這基本上是在 4 號跑道的順風航段上。
He verified she had the 737 in sight, but then look at what he said next.
他確認她看到了 737,但再看看他接下來說的話。
He wanted her to start a turn to land on runway 3-5 after the 737 landed on runway 4.
他希望她在 737 飛機降落在 4 號跑道後開始轉彎,降落在 3-5 號跑道上。
Dana just didn't have enough experience to understand what was going on.
達納只是沒有足夠的經驗來理解發生了什麼。
And the bottom line is if things get confusing, you need to ask the controller what they want you to do, because when you don't, things are going to get worse.
最重要的是,如果事情變得撲朔迷離,你需要詢問控制員他們希望你做什麼,因為如果你不這樣做,事情就會變得更糟。
Cirrus, 5-2-G, turn left heading 30 degrees.
Cirrus,5-2-G,左轉航向 30 度。
Left heading 30 degrees, 4-2-5-2-G.
左轉 30 度,4-2-5-2-G。
4-5-2-G, did you want to follow the 737 to runway 4?
4 -5 -2 G,你想跟著737去4號跑道嗎?
Yes, that would be great, 4-2-5-2-G.
是的,那就太好了,4-2-5-2-G。
4-5-2-G, roger, follow the 737 and to runway 4, clear to land.
4 -5 -2 G 收到 跟著737飛向4號跑道 準備降落
The controller thought that Dana was getting too close to the 737 trying to land on runway 4, so he wanted her to turn slightly to the left.
管制員認為 Dana 離試圖降落在 4 號跑道上的 737 飛機太近了,是以希望她稍微向左轉一點。
Unfortunately, he said turn left heading 30 degrees, which isn't correct terminology.
不幸的是,他說左轉 30 度,這不是正確的術語。
He should have said turn left 30 degrees.
他應該說左轉 30 度。
But because he used the word heading, Dana kept that left turn going, thinking that he meant a heading of 0-3-0 or a heading of 30 degrees.
但由於他用了 "航向 "這個詞,達納繼續左轉,以為他說的是航向 0-3-0 或航向 30 度。
Keep in mind, at this point she's gone from being cleared to land on runway 4, to cleared to land on runway 3-5, back to being cleared to land on runway 4.
請記住,此時她已經從獲准降落在 4 號跑道,到獲准降落在 3-5 號跑道,再回到獲准降落在 4 號跑道。
But now she's pointed away from the airfield, and the confusion is only going to get worse.
但現在她指的是遠離機場的地方,混亂只會越來越嚴重。
So am I turning a right base now, 4-2-5-2-G?
那我現在是右轉嗎,4-2-5-2-G?
4-5-2-G, roger, just maneuver back for the straight in.
4-5-2-G,羅傑,迴旋直進。
I don't know which way you're going now, so just turn back around to runway 3-5.
我不知道你現在往哪邊走,你就掉頭回 3-5 號跑道吧。
Turning to 3-5, I'm so sorry for the confusion, 4-2-5-2-G.
轉到 3-5,很抱歉弄混了,4-2-5-2-G。
That's okay, we'll get it.
沒關係,我們會搞定的。
Dana didn't know which way they wanted her to go, because she was still turning to that 0-3-0 heading.
達娜不知道他們想讓她走哪條路,因為她還在轉向那個 0-3-0 航向。
Unfortunately, the controller is also confused, because he didn't know why Dana had turned so far, and that's why he changed the plan again, and told her to turn around for runway 3-5.
不幸的是,管制員也很困惑,因為他不知道 Dana 為什麼會轉這麼遠,所以才再次改變計劃,讓她掉頭飛往 3-5 號跑道。
At this point, things are getting a little out of control, and this would have been a perfect time for the controller to say, you know what, we're just going to send her back to approach control for re-sequencing.
此時,情況有點失控,控制人員本可以說:"這樣吧,我們把她送回進場控制中心,重新排序。
We've changed her landing clearance multiple times between two different runways, she's not flying a standard pattern, and something just doesn't seem right.
我們在兩個不同的跑道之間多次更改了她的著陸許可,她也沒有按標準模式飛行,似乎有些不對勁。
However, Dana could have also spoken up and said, I want to be re-sequenced, and that way she can get pointed away from the airport, and have a few minutes to collect her thoughts before she tried again.
不過,丹娜也可以大聲說,我想重新排序,這樣她就可以被指到遠離機場的地方,有幾分鐘的時間整理思緒,然後再試一次。
4-5-2-G, I need you to, okay, there you go, straight into runway 3-5, clear to land.
5 -2 -G,我需要你,好了,你去那裡, 直奔跑道3 -5,清除著陸。
Straight into 3-5, clear to land, and I don't believe I'm lined up for that, 4-2-5-2-G.
直接進入 3 -5,安全著陸,我不相信我已經準備好了,4 -2 -5
Okay, 5-2-G, roger, turn to the right, and climb and maintain 1,600, right turn.
好的,5 -2 -G,收到,右轉 爬升並保持1600英尺,右轉
1,600, right turn, 4-2-5-2-G.
1,600,右轉,4-2-5-2-G。
5-2-G, yes ma'am, heading about 0-4-0.
5-2-G,是的,女士,正前往 0-4-0。
0-4-0, 4-2-5-2-G.
0-4-0, 4-2-5-2-G.
More confusion going on, and more pressure to land, because there's still traffic trying to land on runway 4.
由於仍有車輛試圖在 4 號跑道降落,是以出現了更多混亂,降落壓力也更大。
As Dana turned back around and pointed at the runway, this was her position when she said she didn't believe she was lined up for 3-5.
當丹娜轉過身來指著跑道時,這就是她說她不相信自己排在 3-5 號時的位置。
It's not clear why she said that, because she was about 2 miles from the end of the runway, and about 1,000 feet above the ground.
不清楚她為什麼這麼說,因為她當時距離跑道盡頭約 2 英里,距離地面約 1000 英尺。
Even though that's about 300 feet high, there was still plenty of room to correct back to the right and lose the altitude she needed to land.
儘管高度約為 300 英尺,但仍有足夠的空間向右修正並失去著陸所需的高度。
Regardless of the reason, the controller told her to climb up and turn to a heading of 0-4-0, and they were going to come up with a new plan, and Dana was finally going to get her first chance to land.
不管是什麼原因,控制員告訴她爬升並轉向 0-4-0 航向,他們將制定一個新的計劃,而丹娜也終於有了第一次著陸的機會。
This is 5-2-G, okay, you're looking good, just continue right turn for runway 3-5.
這裡是5 -2 -G 好的,你看起來不錯,繼續右轉前往3 -5 跑道。
Do you see runway 3-5 still?
你還能看到 3-5 號跑道嗎?
Yes, 3-5, 4-2-5-2-G, have it in sight, continue my roll around.
是的,3-5,4-2-5-2-G,看到它了,繼續轉圈。
Yes, ma'am, yeah, you're good, so you can start your descent to runway 3-5 there, and clear to land on 3-5.
是的,女士,是的,你可以開始下降到3 -5跑道了,可以在3 -5跑道著陸。
Clear to land 3-5, 4-2-5-2-G, thank you very much.
可以降落了 3 -5 4 -2
No problem, winds are 1-0-0-1-0, I'm sorry, winds are 1-0-0-1-5, gust to 2-0.
沒問題,風力是 1 -0 -0 對不起,風力是 1 -0 -0
Okay, thank you, trying to lose altitude, 4-2-5-2-G.
好的 謝謝 試圖降低高度 4 -2 -5
4-5-2-G, if you don't want to land, that's too high, we can put you back on the downwind, don't force it if you can't.
4-5-2-G,如果你不想降落,那太高了,我們可以把你放回順風方向,如果不行就不要勉強。
Okay, will do, thank you, 4-2-5-2-G.
好的,沒問題,謝謝,4-2-5-2-G。
As Dana tried to get set up for the approach, she never rolled out in the downwind and got the appropriate spacing she needed.
當 Dana 試圖為進場做好準備時,她始終沒有在順風中滾動,也沒有獲得所需的適當間距。
The winds have gotten worse, and now she had a 15-20 knot crosswind with at least a 5 knot tailwind.
風越來越大,現在她遇到了 15-20 節的橫風和至少 5 節的尾風。
By the time she rolled out, she was only about 1,200 feet above the ground and a mile and a half from the runway.
飛機起飛時,距離地面只有大約 1 200 英尺,距離跑道有一英里半。
She needed to forward slip the aircraft, and that way she could maintain a safe airspeed while increasing the drag, which would help her lose the altitude that she needed to, but she also needed to correct for the winds and get back on the runway centerline.
她需要讓飛機向前滑行,這樣她就能在增加阻力的同時保持安全的空速,這將有助於她失去所需的高度,但她也需要修正風向,回到跑道中心線上。
It was a lot for her to do, but she kept trying to make it happen.
她要做的事情很多,但她一直在努力做到這一點。
I think you're too high, Cirrus, 5-2-G, you might be too high.
我覺得你太高了,Cirrus,5-2-G,你可能太高了。
Okay, we'll go around then, 4-2-5-2-G.
好吧,那我們繞過去,4 -2 -5
Cirrus, 5-2-G, Roger, you're just going to make a right traffic now for runway 3-5.
Cirrus 5 -2 -G 收到 你現在右轉飛往3 -5跑道
We'll come back around and we got it this time.
我們會回來的,這次我們成功了。
Sounds perfect, right traffic for 3-5, 4-2-5-2-G.
聽起來很完美,3-5、4-2-5-2-G 的正確流量。
When the controller said she was too high, she was about 250 feet above the ground with only about 3,500 feet of runway remaining, and she wasn't in a safe position to land.
當管制員說她飛得太高時,她離地面大約 250 英尺,跑道只剩下大約 3500 英尺,她不在安全的著陸位置。
I don't know if she would have tried to land if he hadn't said anything, but thankfully she made the right decision to go around.
我不知道如果他什麼都沒說,她是否會嘗試著陸,但值得慶幸的是,她做出了繞道而行的正確決定。
My guess is the controller probably felt confident he could keep working her in the pattern since things had slowed down a little bit, and maybe she would be able to land on the next try.
我猜測,控制員可能認為,既然情況已經稍有緩和,他有信心繼續讓她在模式中飛行,也許她能在下一次嘗試中著陸。
Unfortunately, he would be wrong.
不幸的是,他錯了。
4-5-2-G, make right downwind runway 3-5, and you are clear to land.
4-5-2-G,右轉下風 3-5 跑道,可以降落。
There will be no other traffic for runway 4, so this one will be easy.
4 號跑道不會有其他車輛通行,所以這一次會很容易。
5-2-G, and there's the 737 on short final runway 4, touching down right in front of you.
5-2-G,那架 737 飛機正在 4 號跑道的最後短跑道上著陸,就在你的前方。
Just caution when the turbine is right there at that intersection.
渦輪機就在那個十字路口,一定要小心。
Okay, I've got that, thank you. 4-2-5-2-G.
好的,我知道了,謝謝。4-2-5-2-G.
5-2-G, wind 090 at 13, gust 18, runway 3-5, again, clear to land.
5-2-G,風速 090,風向 13,陣風 18,跑道 3-5,同樣,可以著陸。
3-5, clear to land, trying to get down again, 4-2-5-2-G.
3-5,安全著陸,試圖再次下降,4-2-5-2-G。
No problem.
沒問題。
4-2-5-2-G going around, third time will be a charm.
4-2-5-2-G,第三次就會成功。
Instead of making corrections to her pattern based on what had just happened,
而不是根據剛剛發生的事情對她的模式進行修正、
Dana allowed the crosswind to keep pushing her closer to the runway.
丹娜任由橫風不斷將她推近跑道。
She started her turn too early, and she ended up turning base at pretty much the same spot and the same altitude as she was on the last try.
她的轉彎開始得太早了,結果她幾乎是在上一次嘗試時的同一地點和同一高度轉到基地的。
Unfortunately, she still couldn't lose altitude fast enough, and even though she got as low as 100 feet above the ground, she only had 1,500 feet of runway remaining, and there was no way she was going to land, so she made the decision on her own to go around, not realizing she only had moments left to live.
不幸的是,她仍然無法快速降低高度,儘管她已經低至離地 100 英尺,但她只剩下 1500 英尺的跑道,根本不可能著陸,所以她自己決定繞道而行,沒想到她只剩下片刻的生命了。
Now I'm going to let this play all the way through until the crash, because I want you to pay attention to what the controller said, and then I'm going to explain the truth about the mistake that got Dana and everyone else on board killed.
現在,我會讓這段視頻一直播放到墜機,因為我希望你們注意控制員說的話,然後我會解釋導致達娜和機上所有人喪生的錯誤的真相。
4-2-5-2-G going around, third time will be a charm.
4-2-5-2-G,第三次就會成功。
Okay, 4-2-5-2-G, let's go ahead and make the left turn now to enter the downwind, midfield downwind for runway 4.
好的,4-2-5-2-G,現在向左轉彎,進入4號跑道的中場順風區。
If you can, just keep me at a nice, low, tight pattern.
如果可以的話,讓我保持一個漂亮、低矮、緊湊的模式。
I'm going to have traffic four miles behind you, so I need you to just kind of keep it in tight if you could.
你後面四英里處會堵車,所以請你儘量保持車速。
Okay, this time it will be runway 4, turning left, 4-2-5-2-G.
好的,這次是4號跑道,左轉,4 -2 -5
And actually, I might end up sequencing you behind that traffic.
實際上,我最終可能會把你排在車流後面。
It's on four miles a minute.
它的速度是每分鐘四英里。
It is going to be a little bit tight with the one behind it, so when you get on that downwind, stay on the downwind.
它與後面那艘船的距離會有點緊,所以當你順風時,要保持順風。
Advise me when you have that 737 in sight.
當你看到那架 737 時再通知我。
We'll either do 4, or we might swing you around to 3-5.
我們要麼做 4 個,要麼做 3-5 個。
Ma'am, straighten up, straighten up.
女士,站直了,站直了。
That was way too long to be talking on the radio, giving a pilot instructions during a critical phase of flight.
在飛行的關鍵階段,對講機給飛行員下達指令的時間太長了。
I'm sure the controller thought he was trying to be helpful, but it was just too much.
我肯定控制員以為他是想幫忙,但這實在太過分了。
And instead of focusing on flying the aircraft,
而不是專注於駕駛飛機、
Dana was most likely worried about listening to what the controller was saying and what she was supposed to do next.
達娜最擔心的是聽不清控制員在說什麼,以及她下一步該怎麼做。
As she began the left turn, the aircraft stalled and it spun to the ground, crashing on top of an unoccupied car in a parking lot, killing Dana, Tony, and Jerry instantly.
當她開始向左轉彎時,飛機失速,在地面上打轉,撞上了停車場中一輛無人駕駛的汽車,丹娜、託尼和傑瑞當場死亡。
This was a busy airport, and Dana could have reduced her risk by choosing to land somewhere else.
這是一個繁忙的機場,達娜本可以選擇在其他地方降落來降低風險。
In my opinion, she didn't have enough experience flying in Class B airspace to handle the pace of things.
在我看來,她在 B 級空域飛行的經驗不足,無法應對事情的節奏。
The longer she stayed in the pattern, the more her attention shifted to outside the aircraft.
在模式中停留的時間越長,她的注意力就越多地轉移到飛機外面。
She was too busy trying to find the 737s and trying to figure out the pattern and which runway she was landing on.
她忙著尋找 737 客機,並試圖找出降落模式和跑道。
The truth is, the final mistake that got Dana killed was her go-around procedures, something she probably hadn't practiced in a long time.
事實上,導致達娜喪命的最後一個錯誤是她的繞行程序,她可能已經很久沒有練習過了。
According to the checklist, during a go-around, the steps are to increase power, raise the flaps to 50%, and then accelerate to 81-83 knots before you fully retract the flaps.
根據檢查表,在繞場飛行時,步驟是增加動力,將襟翼升至 50%,然後加速至 81-83 節,然後再完全收起襟翼。
On Dana's very first go-around from runway 4, she retracted the flaps at 76 knots.
丹娜第一次從 4 號跑道繞場飛行時,以 76 海里/小時的速度收起了襟翼。
During her second go-around on the approach to runway 35, she retracted the flaps at 69 knots, and on the third go-around, Dana retracted the flaps at 58 knots, which was over 20 knots below the recommended flap retraction speed and the aircraft stalled.
在第二次接近 35 號跑道時,她以 69 節的速度收起了襟翼,在第三次接近跑道時,Dana 以 58 節的速度收起了襟翼,比建議的襟翼收起速度低了 20 多節,飛機失速。
Even though the aircraft had a parachute, she was too low to the ground and never had time to activate it.
儘管飛機上有降落傘,但她離地面太低,根本來不及啟動。
This was a heartbreaking mistake because there were so many opportunities for this tragedy to be avoided, but in the end, all the holes in the Swiss cheese lined up.
這是一個令人痛心的錯誤,因為有太多的機會可以避免這場悲劇,但最終,瑞士奶酪上的所有洞都排成了一排。
I hope you were able to learn something from the debrief, and be sure to check out this other one on the screen, and thanks for your support.
希望你們能從彙報中學到一些東西,一定要看看螢幕上的另一份彙報,謝謝你們的支持。