Name: DeepSeek、TikTok、Temu：中國如何在科技領域處於領先地位 - BBC World Service (DeepSeek, TikTok, Temu: How China is taking the lead in tech - BBC World Service)
Uploaded: 2025-02-17T07:48:26.000Z
Duration: 7 min 7 s

The rise of Chinese AI chatbot DeepSeek has taken the world by storm.

中國人工智能哈拉機器人 DeepSeek 的崛起風靡全球。

Chinese apps are rising up the charts around the world.

中國的應用程序正在全球範圍內崛起。

TikTok, CapCut, Xi'an, Timu, to name a few.

TikTok、CapCut、Xi'an、Timu，等等。

而且這不僅僅發生在我們的手機上。

China is becoming dominant in many other areas of tech.

中國正在許多其他科技領域佔據主導地位。

It's overtaken the previous epicentres of motoring, more than any other country, thanks to hit electric car makers like BYD.

由於比亞迪等電動汽車製造商的熱賣，它已經超越了以前的汽車中心，超過了任何其他國家。

A lot of this success comes from China being the world's biggest battery maker now, too.

這一成功很大程度上得益於中國已成為全球最大的電池製造商。

China's responsible for an estimated 80 to 95% of the global supply chain.

據估計，中國佔全球供應鏈的 80% 至 95%。

By 2028, it's predicted that 60% of the world's renewable energy will be generated in China.

據預測，到 2028 年，全球 60% 的可再生能源將由中國生產。

在無人機領域，中國也統治著天空。

Next time you hear that buzzing above your head, there's a 70% chance it's a DJI drone made in the city of Shenzhen.

下次當你聽到頭頂上的嗡嗡聲時，有 70% 的可能是深圳製造的大疆無人機。

Three of the world's top ten drone makers are Chinese.

全球十大無人機制造商中有三家是中國公司。

In the futuristic world of quantum computers,

Chinese scientists publish more quantum-related research papers annually than any other country.

中國科學家每年發表的量子相關研究論文比任何其他國家都多。

And they're even ahead of the general leaders, the US, in some areas of quantum computing development.

在量子計算髮展的某些領域，他們甚至領先於美國。

Chinese AI firms now issue more patents than any other country.

目前，中國人工智能企業比其他任何國家都擁有更多的專利。

And the rise of DeepSeek shows it's capable of challenging the dominant US giants with products, too.

DeepSeek 的崛起表明，它也有能力用產品挑戰美國的主導巨頭。

那麼，中國是如何做到這一切的呢？

嗯，這都是長期計劃的一部分。

In 2015, the Chinese government set out an ambitious project called Made in China 2025.

2015 年，中國政府提出了一項名為 "中國製造 2025 "的宏偉計劃。

It wanted to move away from being the world's factory for low-cost goods to a global tech leader responsible for its own supply chain of cutting-edge tech.

它希望從世界低成本商品工廠轉變為負責自身尖端技術供應鏈的全球科技領導者。

Made in China 2025, in my opinion, was largely successful.

在我看來，《中國製造 2025》在很大程度上是成功的。

So in many industries, like China, it's catching up with the leading edge.

是以，在許多行業，比如中國，它正在追趕前沿。

And in some industries, China is even leading, even in cars and 5Gs, batteries, solar energies.

在某些行業，中國甚至處於領先地位，如汽車、5G、電池、太陽能等。

Now, even in the AIGAI, China has become one of the players.

現在，即使在 AIGAI，中國也已成為參與者之一。

Across 10 target technologies, the plan set out more than 250 mini-goals.

在 10 項目標技術中，該計劃提出了 250 多個小目標。

And according to analysis from South China Morning Post, 86% of them have been ticked off.

而根據《南華早報》的分析，其中 86% 的人都被勾走了。

Some targets, like electric vehicles and renewable energy production, have far exceeded the targets.

一些目標，如電動汽車和可再生能源生產，已經遠遠超過了目標。

South China Morning Post is sometimes accused of being pro-China.

南華早報》有時被指責為親中國。

But Made in China 2025 has been hailed a success by many other analysts, too.

但《中國製造 2025》也被許多其他分析人士譽為成功之作。

What China has been moderately successful at least, and some would say incredibly successful at doing, is using its sort of state-backed capitalism system, whereby the government really sets a research agenda, sets a funding agenda, bringing foreign researchers and enticing them to stay in China or at least to give their innovations and ideas over to Chinese companies, requiring businesses from outside of China oftentimes to set up joint ventures with Chinese ventures.

中國至少取得了適度的成功，有些人甚至認為中國在這方面取得了令人難以置信的成功，那就是利用國家支持的資本主義制度，由政府真正制定研究議程和資助議程，引進外國研究人員，吸引他們留在中國，或至少將他們的創新和想法交給中國公司，要求中國以外的企業經常與中國企業建立合資企業。

These are all sort of tools that China has used to help achieve these ambitions.

這些都是中國用來幫助實現這些野心的工具。

According to U.S. Congress research, the Chinese government planned to raise or spend $1.5 trillion on grants for research, development, or buying foreign companies.

根據美國國會的研究，中國政府計劃籌集或花費 1.5 萬億美元用於研究、開發或收購外國公司。

According to the report, more than $627 billion had been spent by 2020.

報告顯示，到 2020 年，已花費超過 6 270 億美元。

Research centers sprung up in city hubs centered around various technologies.

以各種技術為中心的研究中心在城市中心如雨後春筍般湧現。

Also, the U.S. and its allies have accused China of short-cutting some of its tech innovation by stealing intellectual property through hacking.

此外，美國及其盟國還指責中國通過黑客手段竊取知識產權，從而縮短了部分技術創新的時間。

For example, U.S. aircraft makers. China has always denied this.

例如，美國飛機制造商。中國一直否認這一點。

Made in China 2025 got so successful that after just a few years, the government stopped using the term as it was antagonizing rivals.

中國製造 2025》取得了巨大成功，以至於短短几年後，政府就停止了使用這個詞，因為它與競爭對手對立。

Over the years, the West has imposed restrictions and sanctions on China regarding sensitive technologies.

多年來，西方國家一直在敏感技術方面對中國實施限制和制裁。

But this huge external threat has weakened up the Chinese and kind of forced them to pursue a self-sufficiency strategy in this advanced technology.

但是，這種巨大的外部威脅削弱了中國人的力量，迫使他們在這種先進技術方面採取自給自足的戰略。

There's an old saying in China, life always finds its own way out.

中國有句老話：人生總有出路。

In around 2019, it was top of the world in 5G equipment.

2019 年左右，它在 5G 設備方面居世界首位。

It had a huge market share in mobile phones, too.

它在手機市場也佔有巨大份額。

All of that took a major hit, though, when the U.S. led widespread sanctions against the company, citing national security concerns around spying.

不過，當美國以間諜活動引發的國家安全問題為由，對該公司實施大規模製裁時，所有這一切都受到了重創。

Huawei's market share shrank, and it couldn't get the microchips it needed to keep innovating.

華為的市場份額萎縮，無法獲得繼續創新所需的微芯片。

But it pivoted into microchip manufacturing and is now a major player in that, too.

但它轉而進入了微芯片製造領域，現在也是該領域的主要參與者。

In 2023, it released a phone with a microchip far beyond what the rest of the world thought was possible for the company or the country.

2023 年，它發佈了一款配備微型芯片的手機，其性能遠遠超出了世界上其他公司或國家的想象。

A similar situation happened with the viral new chatbot DeepSeek.

類似的情況也發生在病毒式傳播的新哈拉機器人 DeepSeek 身上。

The firm says it couldn't get the most powerful chips to train its models, so it says it made do with older ones and innovated new techniques.

該公司表示，它無法獲得最強大的芯片來訓練其模型，是以它說它只能使用舊的芯片，並創新了新技術。

They built the impressive bot for far less money with far less kit.

他們用少得多的錢和少得多的裝備，製造出了令人印象深刻的機器人。

DeepSeek AI from a Chinese company should be a wake-up call for our industries that we need to be laser-focused on competing to win.

來自中國公司的 DeepSeek 人工智能應該為我們的行業敲響警鐘，我們需要專注於競爭取勝。

TikTok, too, has taken the West by surprise.

It's the first non-U.S. social network to succeed in the last 10 years.

它是過去 10 年中第一個獲得成功的非美國社交網絡。

Its enormous success is under the spotlight, though, and under threat from potential intervention by the U.S. on national security grounds.

不過，它的巨大成功正受到關注，並受到美國以國家安全為由進行潛在干預的威脅。

But Xi'an and Timu are proving worthy challenges in e-commerce now, too, thanks to combining China's cheap goods with innovative app technology.

但是，由於中國的廉價商品與創新的應用技術相結合，西安和鐵木真現在也證明了自己在電子商務領域值得挑戰。

But China hasn't succeeded in all its 2025 goals.

但中國並沒有成功實現所有 2025 年目標。

It's still years behind other countries in chip-making, with progress set to get even worse thanks to more sanctions and controls.

該國在芯片製造方面仍然落後於其他國家多年，而且由於更多的制裁和控制，進展情況將更加糟糕。

Plus, the U.S. government and private firms are throwing hundreds of billions of dollars into staying ahead in chip tech.

此外，美國政府和私營企業為保持芯片技術的領先地位投入了數千億美元。

This increased research and development funding is going to ensure the United States leads the world in the industries of the future.

研發資金的增加將確保美國在未來產業中引領世界。

And in January, the U.S. celebrated a commitment from tech giants to invest a potential $500 billion into infrastructure for AI.

今年 1 月，美國慶祝科技巨頭承諾向人工智能基礎設施投資 5000 億美元。

And it's all taking place right here in America.

Other industrialized countries like Germany and Japan have also launched counterplans, too.

德國和日本等其他工業化國家也推出了反計劃。

But there's no doubt that a new high-tech leader has emerged with big ambitions, deep pockets, and plenty of patience.

但毋庸置疑的是，一個擁有遠大抱負、雄厚資金和足夠耐心的新高科技領導者已經崛起。