Well, bricks and plates, and tiles and panels and slopes, and grills and pegs and legs.

好吧，磚、板、瓦、板、斜坡、格柵、釘子和腿。

To put it another way, this video is about Legos, many of which are bricks, and some of which, I recently learned, are babies.

換一種說法，這段視頻是關於樂高積木的，其中很多是磚塊，而我最近才知道，有些是嬰兒。

I also learned that Lego sets, like this RV one I made my writer build for educational purposes, are beholden to tons of design and engineering rules that dictate how you, the user, are allowed to put the pieces together.

我還了解到，樂高玩具，比如我讓我的作家出於教育目的製作的這輛房車，必須遵守大量的設計和工程規則，這些規則規定了用戶可以如何把玩具拼接在一起。

So, come along as we look into how Lego sets get designed, some of the building techniques they will never ever use, and why every Lego set gets put in an oven before they send it to market.

是以，請隨我們一起來了解樂高套裝是如何設計的、他們永遠不會使用的一些搭建技術，以及為什麼每套樂高套裝在投放市場前都要放進烤箱。

A Lego set begins its life as an idea, or more accurately, as a price point.

一套樂高玩具的誕生始於一個想法，或者更準確地說，始於一個價位。

The Lego design team is divided into two themes.

樂高設計團隊分為兩個主題。

Think Star Wars, City, Rail Bricks, and so on.

想想《星球大戰》、《城市》、《軌道磚》等等。

And twice a year, each theme gets a number of sets to design and price points those sets should retail for when they drop.

每年兩次，每個主題都有一定數量的套裝需要設計，以及這些套裝上市時的零售價。

Generally, one designer gets assigned to each set, and decides where, to put it simply, all the bricks will go.

一般來說，每套設備都會分配一名設計師，由他決定所有磚塊的去向。

Later, others will take up writing the instructions, graphic designing stickers and or packaging, creating any new pieces or elements unique to the set, etc.

之後，其他人將負責撰寫說明書、貼紙和包裝的平面設計、製作該套裝特有的新部件或元素等。

The designer starts with IRL Legos from a massive library at HQ, featuring buckets of every single piece ever featured in a set.

設計者首先從總部的一個大型圖書館中找到現實中的樂高積木，這些積木包含了樂高積木套裝中出現過的所有積木。

The goal is to build the model mostly, if not entirely, out of these pre-existing pieces.

我們的目標是，即使不是全部，也要在大部分情況下利用這些預先存在的部件來製作模型。

After all, designing and producing new pieces is difficult, expensive, and not worth it in any situation where they could make something similar or better out of the over 4,000 Lego pieces already at their disposal.

畢竟，設計和製作新的樂高積木既困難又昂貴，而且在任何情況下都不值得，因為他們可以利用現有的 4000 多件樂高積木製作出類似或更好的東西。

Designers often start by building a rough first draft of their creation to get a sense of the size and scale, then go part by part, filling in exactly what the pieces, techniques, and fun little bonus details like these little doors or this battery will be.

設計師通常會先設計出作品的粗略初稿，以瞭解作品的大小和規模，然後再逐個部分填寫作品的具體內容、技術和有趣的小細節，比如這些小門或電池。

But why start from real pieces?

但為什麼要從真正的作品開始呢？

Don't they have CAD in Denmark?

丹麥沒有 CAD 嗎？

Well, yes, but if you build with simulated Legos, you won't get a sense of how weight, stability, or how much of a pain it is to put something together are affecting the final model or your experience building it.

嗯，是的，但如果你用模擬樂高積木來搭建，你就無法感受到重量、穩定性或拼裝時的痛苦對最終模型或你的搭建體驗有多大影響。

A digital version usually only gets made once the designer has built a model they're happy with, mostly so that, and this is true, if a prototype model falls off a table or something, it doesn't become the Library of Alexandria.

通常只有在設計師製作出他們滿意的模型後，才會製作數字版本，這主要是為了避免模型原型從桌子上或其他地方掉下來，成為亞歷山大圖書館的藏品。

They can just fix it up.

他們可以把它修好。

Now, when it comes to what pieces and techniques the set will ask you to use, designers follow certain principles that help guarantee it's sturdy and stable.

現在，當談到這套裝置要求您使用哪些部件和技術時，設計師會遵循一定的原則，以確保其堅固和穩定。

Some are obvious, like having you build a large base below a heavier set like the Coliseum.

有些是顯而易見的，比如讓你在競技場等較重的場景下面建造一個大型基地。

Another obvious one is brick staggering.

另一個顯而易見的是磚塊令人咋舌。

Since most Legos only connect to each other vertically via these studs, more on that later, you have to use pieces in the rows above and below to connect things horizontally.

由於大多數樂高積木之間只能通過這些螺柱垂直連接（稍後詳述），所以你必須使用上下兩排的積木進行水準連接。

See, this part of the RV.

看，房車的這一部分。

These two pieces aren't touching here, but these pieces are holding them together.

這兩塊木板在這裡並不接觸，但這兩塊木板將它們連接在一起。

Now, what Amy's got here is an official Lego set, and, at least for now, she's building it according to the designer's instructions.

現在，艾米拿到的是一套正式的樂高玩具，至少現在，她是按照設計師的訓示來製作的。

This rulebook will only include what, in Legoland, are called legal building techniques, i.e. techniques that will result in a sturdy, durable RV at the end, and, critically, that won't deform any of the Legos involved in making this.

本規則手冊只包括樂高樂園中所謂的合法搭建技術，即最終能製作出堅固耐用的房車的技術，關鍵是在製作過程中不會使任何樂高積木變形。

Because much of the point of Legos is that any piece from any set will fit any other Lego, and you can infinitely build and rebuild things with whatever you've got.

因為樂高積木的一大特點就是，任何一套樂高積木中的任何部件都能與其他任何樂高積木相匹配，你可以無限地用你所擁有的任何東西來搭建和重建東西。

The Legos are plastic at the end of the day, which means they can deform if not used correctly.

樂高積木歸根結底是塑料製品，這意味著如果使用不當就會變形。

And if you deform a Lego, it won't fit with the others anymore.

如果你把一個樂高積木弄變形了，它就再也無法和其他積木拼在一起了。

How do I know?

我怎麼知道？

Experiments.

實驗。

All this to say, most illegal moves either deform the bricks, create an unstable build, or have illicit substances stashed inside.

綜上所述，大多數非法移動要麼使磚塊變形，要麼造成建築不穩定，要麼在裡面藏有非法物質。

And to understand what makes them illegal, we have to know just a little more about Legos pieces.

要了解它們為什麼是非法的，我們必須對樂高積木有更多的瞭解。

Broadly speaking, there are two types of Legos.

概括地說，樂高積木有兩種類型。

System pieces and technique pieces.

系統件和技術件。

System pieces are the classics.

系統件是經典。

These guys.

這些傢伙

You connect them via their studs, and they look nice.

您可以通過螺柱將它們連接起來，它們看起來也很美觀。

This one, surprise surprise, is a brick.

讓人驚訝的是，這一塊竟然是磚頭。

This is a plate.

這是一個盤子。

Three plates is the same height as a brick, five plates is the same width as two studs.

三塊板的高度與一塊磚的高度相同，五塊板的寬度與兩根牆骨的寬度相同。

This is very important, but only applies to standard system Legos.

這一點非常重要，但只適用於標準系統樂高積木。

But let's have a look at the three.

不過，讓我們來看看這三點。

These are technique pieces, which connect via pins through their various holes, rather than studs.

這些都是技術部件，通過銷釘而不是螺柱通過不同的孔連接起來。

They're better for building stuff like our RV's wheels.

它們更適合用來製造像我們的房車車輪這樣的東西。

Stuff that moves.

會動的東西

Amy tried to fashion a wheel out of system bricks, and, well, it wasn't very smooth.

艾米試著用系統磚塊做了一個輪子，但不是很順利。

When you watch some oddly satisfying video of someone building some Lego machine that, like, makes an infinite domino fall or something, that'll be mostly technique pieces.

當你看到有人搭建了一個樂高機器，可以讓多米諾骨牌無限倒下之類的奇特視頻時，你會感到非常滿意，因為那大部分都是技術作品。

On a system brick, the middle of the stud is 3.92 millimeters from the top.

在系統磚上，螺柱中間距頂部 3.92 毫米。

In a technique one, the center of the hole that stud could go into is 3.8 millimeters from the top.

在技術一中，螺柱可插入的孔中心距頂部 3.8 毫米。

A gaping .12 millimeter distance.

0.12 毫米的差距。

Almost big enough for an amoeba proteus to slip through.

幾乎大到足以讓變形蟲穿過。

Almost.

差不多了

That means that when you put them together, they don't line up, which would make doing this illegal, as it's putting excess force on this part of the Lego, which would deform it over time.

這意味著，當你把它們拼在一起時，它們不會對齊，這樣做是違法的，因為這會給樂高的這一部分施加過大的力，時間長了就會變形。

Also illegal?

也違法？

This.

這。

Because, though it may look like this lines up all nice, the word Lego embossed on the top of each of these studs is .14 millimeters tall, meaning this brick is getting constant, potentially deforming pressure on it.

因為，雖然看起來這些螺柱排得很整齊，但每個螺柱頂端的樂高字樣都有 0.14 毫米高，這意味著這塊磚一直受到壓力，可能會變形。

Illegal!

非法！

Jail!

監獄

Also, the ends of technique bricks' holes are larger than the middle, so if you put a peg in there, you have to push it until it makes this little snap sound.

另外，技術磚的孔兩端比中間大，所以如果要把釘子放進去，就必須用力直到發出 "啪 "的一聲。

Otherwise, you'll be compressing the end of the peg stuck in the narrow part of the hole, which will deform it if you leave it there long enough.

否則，你就會壓縮卡在孔窄處的釘子末端，如果時間長了，釘子就會變形。

Perhaps the most classic illegal Lego technique is this, which will have you serving 42 life in Lego prison, which is pretty easy to escape from, but I digress.

也許最經典的非法樂高技術就是這個，它會讓你在樂高監獄裡服刑 42 年，但要從監獄裡逃出來還是很容易的，不過我想說的是。

This looks legal, so much so that in the past, official Lego sets have had people do this.

這看起來是合法的，以至於在過去，樂高的官方套裝也有人這麼做。

But alas, the gap between the studs is slightly smaller than the width of a plate, meaning this will compress your plate out of shape if you leave it there.

但可惜的是，螺柱之間的間隙略小於盤子的寬度，這意味著如果把盤子放在那裡，就會把盤子壓變形。

But not all of the illegal moves are about measurements.

但並非所有的非法行為都與測量有關。

Some are about materials.

有些是關於材料的。

These translucent pieces, among others, are made of polycarbonate, a different type of plastic than the normal bricks.

除其他外，這些半透明磚塊是用聚碳酸酯製成的，這是一種不同於普通磚塊的塑膠。

Polycarbonates generate a lot of friction with themselves, which is no biggie if you're connecting them stud to stud like this, but you can't put a polycarbonate peg through a polycarbonate hole, because that friction will make them near impossible to pull apart.

聚碳酸酯本身會產生很大的摩擦力，如果你像這樣把螺柱和螺柱連接起來，這並不是什麼大問題，但你不能把聚碳酸酯釘子穿過聚碳酸酯孔，因為這種摩擦力會讓它們幾乎無法拉開。

That's also kind of why sticking this cone-shaped piece into a tube is illegal.

這也是為什麼把這個圓錐形的東西塞進管子裡是違法的。

Without a way to know it's clicked into place, you could push it too far and get it stuck forever.

如果沒有辦法知道它已經卡到位，你可能會把它推得太遠，讓它永遠卡住。

Of course, the Lego group can't actually stop you from doing an illegal build, which is why Amy made this.

當然，樂高集團實際上無法阻止你進行非法搭建，這也是艾米制作這個東西的原因。

But they do consider it their responsibility to never tell you to deform their pieces, or do anything that will get them permanently stuck together.

但他們認為自己有責任絕不告訴你讓他們的作品變形，或做任何會讓它們永久粘在一起的事情。

The goal in all of this, besides keeping your pieces in reusable condition, is to make sure that your build is sturdy enough not to fall apart.

這樣做的目的，除了讓你的作品處於可重複使用的狀態外，還在於確保你的作品足夠堅固，不會散架。

Not while you're building it, not when you put it on your shelf, not when it gets a little too much sunlight on your windowsill, and not, and I mean this, when you accidentally put it in the oven.

在製作過程中不會，放在架子上不會，放在窗臺上陽光太強也不會，不小心放進烤箱也不會。

And yes, the last stage of a set's design and approval, and we've skipped a lot of steps to be clear, but time is of the essence here, is called the heat test.

是的，佈景設計和審批的最後一個階段，我們跳過了很多步驟，但時間至關重要，這就是所謂的熱測試。

The point where they make sure the build model can withstand years of weathering.

在這一點上，他們要確保建造的模型經得起多年的風吹雨打。

And they do this by literally putting the model in an industrial oven, and making sure it holds up.

他們的做法是將模型放入工業烤箱中，確保模型能夠保持穩定。

If it does, it's headed to the shelves, where hopefully some good-natured builder will snap it up and build it in the way God and Lego intended.

如果是這樣，它就會被擺上貨架，希望有好心的建造者會搶購一空，並按照上帝和樂高的意願來建造它。

You know, instead of doing any of Amy's disgusting experiments.

而不是去做艾米那些噁心的實驗

I had nothing to do with that.

這與我無關。

Don't send me to Lego jail.

別把我送進樂高監獄。

But you know what I do have something to do with?

但你知道我和什麼有關嗎？

This video's sponsor, Nebula.

本視頻的贊助商是星雲公司。

Nebula is a streaming service that a few creator friends and I started, with the hope of giving our, and your, favorite creators, a platform to make their biggest, most ambitious projects, while giving viewers like you a way to support us directly, and see our best work, early or exclusively, and always, as free.

星雲是我和幾位創作者朋友創辦的一項流媒體服務，希望為我們和你們喜愛的創作者提供一個平臺，讓他們製作最大、最有野心的項目，同時為你們這樣的觀眾提供一種直接支持我們的方式，讓他們可以提前或獨家看到我們最好的作品，而且永遠是免費的。

We've got Boomers, Tom Nicholas' full-length documentary about the generation that seems to control everything these days, short films like Jesse Gender's Identities, and Philosophy Tube's Dracula's Ex-Girlfriend, and plenty of stuff from my team, too.

我們有湯姆-尼古拉斯（Tom Nicholas）關於如今似乎控制一切的一代人的長篇紀錄片《潮人》（Boomers），傑西-性別（Jesse Gender）的《身份》（Identities）和哲學管（Philosophy Tube）的《德古拉的前女友》（Dracula's Ex-Girlfriend）等短片，還有很多我的團隊的作品。

Early releases of Jet Lag, our competition series The Getaway, where we made creators lie to each other across Utah, and coming soon, Abolish Everything, a comedy debate show tackling the world's stupidest topics.

早期發佈的《時差》、我們的競賽系列節目《逍遙遊》（我們讓創作者在猶他州互相撒謊），以及即將推出的《廢除一切》，這是一檔喜劇辯論節目，探討世界上最愚蠢的話題。

So if you like Half as Interesting, or any of these other people, you're going to like Nebula.

所以，如果你喜歡《一半有趣》，或者其他這些人，你就會喜歡星雲。

So sign up!

那就報名吧！

Using our link in the description, you'll get 40% off a Nebula subscription.

使用描述中的鏈接，訂閱《星雲》可享受 40% 的折扣。

Just $36 for a year.

一年只需 36 美元。

So head to nebula.tv and join us!

請訪問 nebula.tv 並加入我們！