Name: 馬蒂斯如何革新藝術色彩 (How Matisse Revolutionized Color In Art)
Uploaded: 2025-02-07T13:39:43.000Z
Duration: 7 min 58 s

Okay, so here are two desaturated paintings by the French artist Henri Matisse.

這是法國藝術家亨利-馬蒂斯的兩幅不飽和畫作。

基礎被動語態

The left one is called The Dinner Table and was painted in 1896, and the right one is called Open Window, Calliore, and was painted a decade later in 1905.

左邊這幅名為《餐桌》，作於 1896 年，右邊這幅名為《敞開的窗戶，卡利奧爾》，作於十年後的 1905 年。

What do you think the colors are like in the first one, the one on the left?

你覺得第一張，也就是左邊那張照片的顏色是什麼樣的？

Now, what about the other painting, this view of boats from an open window?

那麼，另一幅畫呢，這幅從敞開的窗戶眺望船隻的畫呢？

Okay, what about this painting from five years later in 1910 of dancers?

好吧，那麼這幅五年後創作於 1910 年的《舞者》又是怎麼回事呢？

Are those really the colors that you thought you were going to see?

這些真的是你以為會看到的顏色嗎？

On October 1st, 1910, Matisse debuted this painting called Dance at the Autumn Salon in Paris, and to say that it wasn't well-received is an understatement.

1910 年 10 月 1 日，馬蒂斯在巴黎秋季沙龍上首次展出了這幅名為《舞蹈》的畫作，但這幅畫並沒有受到廣泛歡迎。

A few critics applauded the boldness of the painting, but most attacked it savagely, and the public was no kinder.

少數評論家為這幅畫的大膽喝彩，但大多數人都對它進行了野蠻的抨擊，公眾也不例外。

They crowded in front of the massive canvas and shouted insults at it, jeering, laughing,  Unfortunately, this was not new for Matisse.

不幸的是，這對馬蒂斯來說並不新鮮。

Five years earlier, at the Autumn Salon of 1905, he exhibited a number of paintings that got a similar response, including this one, Open Window, from before, and this one, Woman with a Hat.

五年前，在 1905 年的秋季沙龍上，他展出了多幅獲得類似反響的畫作，包括之前的這幅《敞開的窗戶》和這幅《戴帽子的女人》。

The critic Louis Vaucelles disparaged Matisse and the other painters who were using colors in revolutionary new ways as wild beasts, or fauves in French, and that was how fauvism was born.

評論家路易-沃塞萊（Louis Vaucelles）將馬蒂斯和其他以革命性的新方式使用色彩的畫家貶斥為野獸，或法語中的野獸，野獸派就是這樣誕生的。

Well, that was how the name was born, anyway.

總之，這個名字就是這樣誕生的。

The style of painting was born in the mind of Matisse and a loose affiliation of other artists.

這種繪畫風格誕生於馬蒂斯和其他藝術家的鬆散聯盟之中。

As early as 1898, when Matisse was in Corsica with his wife, he began gradually to lean into the dramatic power of color.

早在 1898 年，當馬蒂斯與妻子在科西嘉島時，他就開始逐漸傾心於色彩的戲劇性力量。

In a painting like The Old Mill, for example, you can see him taking the lessons of the Impressionists, using short strokes of pure, unblended color to capture the flickering, transient quality of the light, but also liberating that color so that it's not strictly representational, but emotional and personal.

例如，在《老磨坊》這幅畫中，你可以看到他吸取了印象派畫家的經驗，使用純淨、不混合的短筆觸來捕捉光線閃爍、短暫的特質，同時也解放了色彩，使其不再是嚴格意義上的再現，而是情感化和個人化的。

I mean, look at the difference between this painting and The Dinner Table from the beginning of this video.

我的意思是，看看這幅畫和視頻開頭的《餐桌》有什麼不同。

Look at the difference that two years can make.

看看兩年時間能帶來多大的變化。

In 1902, he pushed the colors even further away from representation in his paintings of the Luxembourg Gardens, and by 1904, when he was spending the summer at Saint-Tropez, a coastal fishing village in southern France, Matisse's colors exploded.

1902 年，他在《盧森堡花園》的畫作中將色彩推得更遠，到了 1904 年，當他在法國南部的海濱漁村聖特羅佩度過夏天時，馬蒂斯的色彩爆發了。

The most important painting to come out of that trip is this one, The Gulf of Saint-Tropez, which he reworked when he returned to Paris into one of his most famous paintings, Luxury, Calm and Voluptuousness.

這幅《聖特羅佩海灣》是這次旅行中最重要的一幅畫作，他回到巴黎後將其改編成了他最著名的畫作之一《奢華、平靜與妖嬈》。

See, in Saint-Tropez, Matisse was joined by Paul Signac, one of the leaders of Neo-Impressionism, who applied scientific color theories to the technique of the Impressionists, and developed a style where you put small dots of contrasting colors on the canvas, and when the viewer stands at a distance, the dots mix optically and generate more luminous colors.

在聖特羅佩，保羅-西涅克（Paul Signac）加入了馬蒂斯的行列，他是新印象派的領軍人物之一，將科學的色彩理論應用到印象派的技法中，並發展出一種風格，即在畫布上點綴對比鮮明的小色塊，當觀者站在遠處時，這些小色塊會在光學上混合，產生更明亮的色彩。

Signac's theory is called divisionism, and the technique is called pointillism.

西涅克的理論被稱為 "分割主義"，技巧被稱為 "點彩畫"。

The most famous execution of this style, you probably know, is Georges Girard's A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte.

你可能知道，這種風格最有名的作品是喬治-吉拉爾（Georges Girard）的《大島的星期天下午》（A Sunday Afternoon on La Grande Jatte）。

Now, going back to Matisse's painting, you can clearly see the influence of Signac and divisionism, but you can also feel Matisse forging his own path.

現在，回到馬蒂斯的繪畫，你可以清楚地看到西涅克和分裂主義的影響，但你也可以感受到馬蒂斯正在開闢自己的道路。

His colors are rebelling against their subjects.

The painting is anarchic, fantastical, it's pulsing with wild energy.

這幅畫是無政府主義的、幻想的，充滿了狂野的能量。

The next summer in 1905, Matisse followed that energy to Collioure, another fishing village in southern France, and let loose.

接下來的 1905 年夏天，馬蒂斯帶著這股活力來到法國南部的另一個漁村科利烏爾，盡情釋放。

Colors became sticks of dynamite, he said, and then detonated them across his canvases.

他說，顏色變成了炸藥，然後在他的畫布上引爆。

And then those canvases detonated the 1905 Salon, where he was labeled a wild beast.

隨後，這些油畫作品在 1905 年的沙龍上大放異彩，他在沙龍上被貼上了野獸的標籤。

Even now, more than a century later, these paintings still retain their defiant power.

即使在一個多世紀後的今天，這些畫作依然保持著它們的蔑視力量。

The colors still sing with the daring, the creative recklessness of that summer.

那年夏天，這些色彩依然吟唱著大膽、創造性的魯莽。

As Hilary Sperling says, Matisse was attempting to overturn a way of seeing evolved and accepted by the Western world for centuries.

正如希拉里-斯珀林（Hilary Sperling）所說，馬蒂斯試圖推翻西方世界幾個世紀以來形成並接受的觀看方式。

He was substituting for their illusion of objectivity a conscious subjectivity, a 20th century art that would draw its validity essentially from the painter's own visual and emotional responses.

他用一種有意識的主觀性取代了他們的客觀性幻覺，這種 20 世紀的藝術主要從畫家自身的視覺和情感反應中汲取其有效性。

The critics didn't appreciate what Matisse was doing, but thankfully a few collectors did.

評論家們並不欣賞馬蒂斯的作品，但值得慶幸的是，有一些收藏家欣賞馬蒂斯的作品。

Namely, the American Sarah Stein and her in-laws Leo and Gertrude Stein, as well as the Russian businessman Sergei Shchukin.

即美國人莎拉-斯坦因和她的姻親利奧-斯坦因和格特魯德-斯坦因，以及俄羅斯商人謝爾蓋-舒金。

Shchukin was at the Salon of Independence in 1906, where he saw Matisse's Joy of Life, a painting that Signac hated and that the public laughed at with even greater intensity than they did at the first Fauvist paintings just a few months before.

舒金參加了 1906 年的獨立沙龍，在那裡他看到了馬蒂斯的《生活的樂趣》，西涅克對這幅畫深惡痛絕，公眾對這幅畫的嘲笑甚至比幾個月前對野獸派第一批畫作的嘲笑還要強烈。

For the next decade, he gave Matisse financial and moral support while the French art establishment derided him during arguably his most experimental and, I think, most exciting period.

在接下來的十年裡，當法國藝術界嘲笑馬蒂斯時，他給予了馬蒂斯經濟和精神上的支持，這可以說是馬蒂斯最具實驗性的時期，我認為也是最激動人心的時期。

You see, in his Fauvist years, Matisse used non-naturalistic colors to generate an emotional response.

你看，在野獸派時期，馬蒂斯使用非自然的色彩來產生情感反應。

But after this, he learned how to use color to define form itself.

但在此之後，他學會了如何用色彩來定義形式本身。

Influenced by Cezanne, by Giotto, by African and Islamic art, his new paintings were flatter, simplified, more abstract, and used large areas of uniform color to compose scenes not of real life, not even of real life transformed by new colors, but scenes that expressed deep, primal feelings and rhythms.

受塞尚、喬託、非洲和伊斯蘭藝術的影響，他的新畫作更扁平、更簡化、更抽象，並使用大面積的統一色彩來創作場景，而不是現實生活，甚至不是被新色彩改造過的現實生活，而是表達深刻、原始情感和節奏的場景。

In 1909, Shchukin commissioned two giant panels to be hung in his Moscow mansion.

1909 年，舒金委託將兩幅巨型畫板懸掛在他的莫斯科豪宅中。

Matisse wanted one of them to express energy and, above all, movement.

馬蒂斯希望其中一幅能表現出活力，尤其是運動感。

He remembered a scene from Collioure in 1905 when Catalan fishermen pulled him into a dancing ring and whipped him around violently on the beach.

他還記得 1905 年在科利烏爾的一幕，當時加泰羅尼亞漁民把他拉進一個舞圈，在沙灘上猛烈地鞭打他。

A version of this memory can be found in The Joy of Life, but now Matisse endeavored to recapture this scene with a new style and new tools.

這種記憶的一個版本可以在《生活的樂趣》中找到，但現在馬蒂斯努力用新的風格和新的工具重現這一場景。

The result is dance, a masterpiece of energy consisting of just three colors, blue, green, and the shocking scarlet of the naked, dancing, leaping, spinning figures who are less like people than mythological satyrs.

其結果是舞蹈，這是一部由三種顏色組成的充滿能量的傑作：藍色、綠色和令人震驚的猩紅色，裸體、舞蹈、跳躍和旋轉的人物不像人，更像是神話中的薩提爾。

That red vibrates off the background and captures exactly the movement Matisse intended.

紅色從背景中跳動出來，準確地捕捉到了馬蒂斯想要表達的動感。

It took him almost a year to make this painting, and the public hated it.

他花了將近一年的時間來創作這幅畫，而公眾卻對它恨之入骨。

I guess that's the way it goes sometimes.

You can't expect the instantaneous acceptance of something radically new.

你不能指望人們立即接受一種全新的事物。

If it was accepted, it wouldn't be radical.

如果它被接受了，就不會激進了。

With the perspective of a century, knowing the directions that modern art went in, we now can appreciate the full significance of Matisse's work.

以一個世紀的視角，瞭解現代藝術的發展方向，我們現在可以充分理解馬蒂斯作品的意義。

We can be shocked by it without being scandalized.

我們可以被它震驚，但不會被它醜化。

We can marvel at the creative distance that he traveled in just 14 years, after which color was never the same.

我們可以驚歎於他在短短 14 年間所走過的創作路程，此後，他的色彩再也沒有改變過。

Hey everybody, thank you so much for watching.

大家好，非常感謝收看本節目。

This episode was brought to you by Squarespace, the all-in-one website platform for entrepreneurs to stand out and succeed online.

本期節目由 Squarespace 為您帶來，Squarespace 是創業者在網絡上脫穎而出並取得成功的一體化網站平臺。

Whether you're just starting out or managing a growing brand, Squarespace makes it easy to create a beautiful website.

無論您是剛剛起步還是正在管理一個成長中的品牌，Squarespace 都能讓您輕鬆創建一個精美的網站。

And now, you can make a completely personalized website with design intelligence, combining two decades of industry-leading design expertise with cutting-edge AI technology to unlock your strongest creative potential.

現在，你可以利用設計智能製作一個完全個性化的網站，將二十年來業界領先的設計專業知識與尖端的人工智能技術相結合，釋放你最強大的創意潛能。

And if you're selling something, Squarespace Payments makes that easy too.

如果您要銷售產品，Squarespace 支付也能讓您輕鬆搞定。

It's compatible with popular payment methods like Klarna, ACH Direct Debit, Apple Pay, Afterpay, and ClearPay.

它與 Klarna、ACH Direct Debit、Apple Pay、Afterpay 和 ClearPay 等常用支付方式兼容。

Basically, a Squarespace site looks and feels professional, something that will impress all your customers and fans.

基本上，Squarespace 網站的外觀和感覺都很專業，會給您的所有客戶和粉絲留下深刻印象。

Head over to squarespace.com for a free trial, and when you're ready to launch, go to squarespace.com slash nerdwriter for 10% off your first purchase.

前往 squarespace.com 免費試用，當你準備好啟動時，前往 squarespace.com slash nerdwriter 首次購買可享受九折優惠。