Name: 馬丁-路德-金：生與死 (Martin Luther King Jr: Life and Death)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T05:15:33.000Z
Duration: 6 min 10 s

- He is an iconic figure in the history of African-American civil rights.

(我們將能加速這一天的到來，上帝的所有兒女，黑人和白人，猶太教徒和非猶太教徒，耶穌教徒和天主教徒，都將攜手合唱一首古老的黑人靈歌：「自由終於降臨！終於降臨! 感謝全能的上帝，自由終於降臨！」)  - 馬丁路德是美國黑人民權運動的指標性人物

未來進行式

and today we'll be learning more about the life and accomplishments of Martin Luther King Jr.

今天我們來談談馬丁路德的生平與成就

Born January 15th, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia, he was a skilled student,

1929年1月15日生於喬治亞州亞特蘭大郡，馬丁路德在學業上成績優異

graduating from some of the most distinguished segregated schools in the South.

並從美國南部種族歧視最嚴重的學校畢業

He was inspired to fight for civil rights by his father, Martin Luther King Sr.,

馬丁路德受其父親影響，立志爭取公民權益

a Baptist minister who was also a leader in the battle for social equality.

他的父親，馬丁路德一世為浸信會牧師，同時也是社會平權運動領袖

In June of 1953, King Jr. married Coretta Scott,

1953年6月，馬丁路德與科麗塔•史考特結婚

who also became an important figure in the fight for civil rights.

她也隨後成為民權運動中的重要人物

The next year, he became pastor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama.

隔年，馬丁路德擔任德克斯特大街浸信會牧師 (阿拉巴馬州，蒙哥馬利市)

Already a prominent member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, or NAACP,

當時，他已經是美國有色人種促進會(NAACP)的重要成員

by December 1955 he took on a more high-profile role in the organization.

1955年12月，馬丁路德儼然成為NAACP中備受矚目的角色

He led the charge in the Montgomery Bus Boycott,

after African-American bus rider Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white man.

起因於黑人婦女羅沙‧帕克斯，拒絕讓位給白人乘客而遭當局逮補的事件

and during that time King was personally targeted by firebombs to his home and was even arrested.

這段期間，馬丁路德的住所成為炸彈攻擊的目標，甚至因此被政府拘留

Ultimately, the battle was won, and King became known as a great Black leader.

抗爭終究獲得勝利，他因而成為家喻戶曉的偉大黑人領袖  (一年來與市區巴士的抗爭正式宣告終止，在此呼籲蒙哥馬利的黑人同胞們，明早將可重返無歧視的搭乘環境)

By 1957, King helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.

1957年，馬丁路德成立南方基督教領袖會議

This group used peaceful protest methods such as boycotts,

sit-ins and marches to fight for civil rights.

Unfortunately, these demonstrations did not always remain peaceful,

不幸地，並非所有抗議行動都和平落幕

as standoffs with police sometimes turned violent.

與警方對峙之下，抗議行動時常演變為暴力衝突

King was also adept at utilizing the media to bring the issues into the forefront of public consciousness.

他也擅於運用媒體，喚醒大眾對於民權議題的重視

In the early 1960s, much of King's work took place in southern states like Georgia, Alabama and Florida.

1960年初期，運動大多發起於美國南部，如喬治亞州、阿拉巴馬州、及弗羅里達州

He was also instrumental in the March on Washington, which took place on August 28th, 1963.

他也推動了1963年8月28日發起的華盛頓大遊行

Despite a great deal of controversy surrounding the event,

the march drew record numbers to the citys National Mall.

卻也為華盛頓國家廣場的在場人數，創下最高紀錄

On the steps of the Lincoln Memorial, King made his most famous speech,

馬丁路德在林肯紀念堂的台階上，發表了他最著名的演說

為寬容與平等請命  (我夢想有一天，我的四個孩子能在不以他們膚色，而以品格優劣來評斷他們的國度裡生活)

This event and King's words are credited with assisting in the passage of 1964's Civil Rights Act.

本次事件及馬丁路德的演講，被世人歸功為推動1964年民權法案的通過

The next year, a failed march between Selma and Montgomery, Alabama erupted in violence.

隔年，塞爾瑪市及蒙哥馬利市之間的另一起遊行，因爆發流血衝突而失敗

The day was nicknamed Bloody Sunday, and is considered a decisive moment in the history of civil rights.

這一天也被稱為「血色星期天」，並被視為民權史上決定性的一刻

Though he was not involved, King organized another march on March 25th,

上述事件馬丁路德雖未參與，他隨即於同年3月25日發動另一起遊行抗議

and he delivered another important speech on the steps of the state capitol.

並且在議會大廈發表另一場重要演說 (期盼的這天要等多久？不久，因為沒有謊言能永垂不朽；期盼的這天要等多久？不久，因為努力耕耘會有收獲)

In 1966, King and his counterparts tried to steer the movement into the north of the country,

1966年，馬丁路德及夥伴試圖將民權運動往美國北方發展

He moved to the slums of the city to show support for those in poverty,

他搬到芝加哥的貧民窟，以表達對於貧困民眾的支持

and continued to hold marches despite a terrible public reaction.

儘管大眾強烈的反對聲浪，他仍不斷發動遊行抗議

By 1967, King had shifted his focus by vocally opposing the Vietnam War.

1967年，馬丁路德將重心轉為聲明反對越戰

King suggested funds spent on the war would be better used on social programs

他認為與其將資金投入戰爭，不如用來健全社會制度

及改善經濟不平等   (那些勸服我以爭取民權為重的人，我有別的看法，對抗黑人在公共場所受歧視的這條路，我走得太長遠艱辛，以致於分化了我的道德關懷)

This evolution in his beliefs lost him support among whites,

馬丁路德立場的轉變，使其失去白人的支持

1968 saw King help coordinate the 'Poor People's Campaign,'

1968年，馬丁路德參與推動「窮人運動」

to further his agenda against financial disparity.

以使對抗財政不平等的計畫更臻完善

This drive was not supported by some prominent members of the Civil Rights Movement,

某些民權運動主要成員，卻不支持此一運動

as they feared its goals were too much to overcome.

他們擔心目標過於理想而難以實現

To further this campaign, King traveled to Memphis, Tennessee

為了推動窮人運動，馬丁路德來到田納西州的孟菲斯市

to show support for striking black public workers.

展現他對黑人公務員罷工的支持

There, on April 3rd, he gave the last speech of his career:

4月3日，他於此地發表生涯中的最後一場寓意深遠的演說

his prophetic 'I’ve Been to the Mountaintop' address.

「我已登上山頂」 (我也許無法與你們一起到達，但今晚我要你們知道，生而為人，我們總有一天會到達那應許之地)

King was standing on the balcony of his motel when he was shot and killed.

馬丁路德在旅館陽台上遭槍擊身亡

As the country mourned, violent riots erupted across the nation.

舉國哀悼的同時，全國爆發武力暴動

James Earl Ray was later convicted of the murder,

though conspiracy theories remain as to who was behind the assassination.

但仍有陰謀論者懷疑真兇另有其人

King has been recognized for his work a number of times,

馬丁路德的志業獲得社會廣大認可

Today, King's contributions to the Civil Rights Movement are immeasurable,

如今，馬丁路德之於民權運動的貢獻仍無法估量

and his legacy lives on as one of equality and tolerance.

而他留下平等寬容的文化遺產，將永存於世  (今晚我很欣喜，我什麼都不擔心、什麼人都不怕！我的雙眼已看見主歸來的榮光)