It's really cold here right now.

這裡現在真的很冷。

In fact, here's the first two things I wanted to teach you.

事實上，這就是我要教你的前兩件事。

The river is frozen over, but it's not frozen solid.

河面已經結冰，但還沒有凍實。

I'm actually standing on the river right now.

實際上，我現在就站在河邊。

The ice is probably about four or five inches thick.

冰層大概有四五英寸厚。

It's been minus 15, minus 20 for a while.

零下 15 度、零下 20 度的天氣已經持續了一段時間。

Right now it's minus 12.

現在是零下 12 度。

It's quite cold.

天氣很冷

So the river is frozen over.

所以河面結冰了。

When we say a body of water is frozen over, it means there's no water visible.

當我們說一個水體結冰了，這意味著看不到水了。

It's ice everywhere.

到處都是冰。

In fact, if I turn a little bit, you'll see that there's just, I mean, it looks like water, but it's not.

事實上，如果我轉過去一點，你就會看到，我的意思是，它看起來像水，但其實不是。

This is all ice, but it's not frozen solid.

這都是冰，但沒有凍實。

When we say something is frozen solid, it means that there's no water underneath.

當我們說某樣東西凍得很結實時，這意味著下面沒有水。

Here if I was to chip through the ice, eventually I would find water and there would be fish and everything down there.

在這裡，如果我鑿開冰層，最終就會找到水，下面就會有魚和其他東西。

If the river was frozen solid, it would mean that it's ice all the way down to the bottom of the river.

如果河面凍得結結實實，那就意味著冰一直結到河底。

So there's your first two terms.

這就是你的前兩屆任期。

The river is frozen over, but it's not frozen solid.

河面已經結冰，但還沒有凍實。

So an interesting thing about really cold extreme weather is that you can see your breath.

是以，真正寒冷極端天氣的一個有趣之處在於，你可以看到自己的呼吸。

I'm not sure if you can see it on camera, but when I breathe out, I can see my breath in the air.

我不確定你是否能在鏡頭前看到，但當我呼氣時，我能看到我的呼吸在空氣中。

This happens because there's moisture, there's water in your breath, and when it comes out of your mouth, it turns into small drops that you can see.

出現這種情況的原因是，你的呼吸中含有水分，當水分從口中噴出時，就會變成你能看到的小水滴。

I wish it was a little more visible.

我希望它能更明顯一些。

I could just see little wisps of it right now.

我現在就能看到它的一點一滴。

But another thing that happens when it's this cold, you can see your breath.

但在這麼冷的天氣裡，還有一件事會發生，那就是你能看到自己的呼吸。

So there's something important that you have to do when it's this cold, and that's that you have to bundle up.

所以，在這麼冷的天氣裡，你必須做一件重要的事情，那就是你必須把自己裹起來。

I am bundled up right now.

我現在正裹得嚴嚴實實。

When you're bundled up, it means you're wearing a lot of clothing.

當你裹得嚴嚴實實時，就意味著你穿了很多衣服。

I'm wearing my winter hat.

我戴著我的冬帽。

I'm wearing my winter gloves.

我戴著冬天的手套。

I'm wearing my winter boots.

我穿著冬靴。

I'm wearing actually several layers of clothing, but I'll talk about that in a little while.

其實我穿了好幾層衣服，但我一會兒再談這個。

So when it's this cold outside, it's important to bundle up.

所以，外面這麼冷，一定要把自己裹得嚴嚴實實。

I really like this sweatshirt.

我非常喜歡這件運動衫。

This is an athletic sweatshirt because it zips up all the way and it keeps my neck warm.

這是一件運動型運動衫，因為它的拉鍊一直拉著，能讓我的脖子保持溫暖。

So I have my winter hat, my toque, my gloves, my boots, and this nice thing to keep my neck warm.

所以，我有我的冬帽、帽子、手套、靴子，還有這個保暖脖子的好東西。

I am bundled up.

我裹得嚴嚴實實。

And I'm happy that I wore lots of layers.

我很高興我穿了很多層。

I'm happy that I'm bundled up because when it's this cold, you have to be careful that you don't get frostbite.

我很高興自己裹得嚴嚴實實的，因為這麼冷的天，你得小心別被凍傷了。

Frostbite is when the skin freezes.

凍傷是指皮膚結冰。

It happens sometimes on your nose.

這種情況有時會發生在你的鼻子上。

If you don't have good gloves, it can happen on your fingers.

如果沒有好的手套，手指上也會出現這種情況。

It can happen on your extremities that are exposed to the cold air.

暴露在冷空氣中的四肢可能會出現這種情況。

Thankfully, it's not windy out right now, and thankfully, I'm not going to be outside for a very long time.

幸好現在外面沒有風，也幸好我不會在外面待很長時間。

But one thing you have to be careful of, if it's minus 10 or minus 20 or even colder, you have to make sure you don't get frostbite.

但有一點你必須小心，如果是零下 10 度或零下 20 度，甚至更冷，你必須確保自己不會被凍傷。

When I was out walking the other day, I was often walking like this to stop the wind from hitting my nose because I certainly don't want the tip of my nose to freeze.

前幾天出去散步時，我經常這樣走路，以阻止風吹到鼻子上，因為我當然不想讓鼻尖凍著。

I certainly don't want to get frostbite.

我當然不想被凍傷。

So we're actually experiencing what I would call a cold snap.

是以，我們實際上正經歷著我所說的寒流。

A cold snap is when it's suddenly colder than normal for a day or two.

寒流是指在一兩天內，天氣突然比平時更冷。

Usually around this time of year, it's about minus 3 or minus 4, maybe minus 6.

通常在每年的這個時候，氣溫大約是零下 3 度或零下 4 度，也許是零下 6 度。

But a couple of days ago, it was 2 degrees, and then they said it was going to go down to minus 15, and then it came up to minus 11 yesterday, down again to minus 14 last night, up to about minus 3 today.

但幾天前還是 2 度，然後他們說會降到零下 15 度，昨天又升到零下 11 度，昨晚又降到零下 14 度，今天又升到零下 3 度左右。

So I would describe the last couple of days as a cold snap.

是以，我會把最近幾天形容為寒流來襲。

The weather quickly got a lot colder, stayed really cold, and then it's planning to come back up again.

天氣很快就冷了很多，一直非常冷，然後又打算回升。

So right now, we're in a cold snap.

現在，我們正處於寒流中。

So you might be surprised to know that I'm actually quite warm right now.

所以你可能會驚訝地發現，我現在其實很暖和。

Even though it's extremely cold, I'm warm because I'm wearing lots of layers.

雖然天氣非常寒冷，但我穿得很暖和，因為我穿了很多層衣服。

Let me describe them to you.

讓我來給你們描述一下。

I'm obviously wearing socks and my winter boots, but I'm also wearing underwear, long underwear, sometimes called long johns, and my jeans.

我顯然穿著襪子和冬靴，但我也穿著內衣，長內衣，有時也叫長褲，還有牛仔褲。

I'm not going to show you, but underneath these pants, I'm wearing what's called long underwear or long johns.

我不打算給你看，但在這條褲子下面，我穿著所謂的長內衣或長內褲。

Up here, I'm actually wearing four layers.

在這裡，我實際上穿了四層衣服。

I'm wearing a t-shirt, a long-sleeve t-shirt.

我穿著一件 T 恤，一件長袖 T 恤。

I'm wearing this athletic sweatshirt, and I'm wearing my winter coat, and then of course up here, my winter hat and my gloves.

我穿著這件運動汗衫，穿著冬衣，當然還有冬帽和手套。

Layers are very important when you go out in extremely cold weather.

在極端寒冷的天氣外出時，多層衣物非常重要。

When you dress in layers, it's just a lot easier to stay warm.

多層穿衣更容易保暖。

Layers trap air, I think, and it all acts as insulation.

我認為，層層疊加可以阻隔空氣，起到隔熱的作用。

Insulation is something that stops cold temperatures from getting through and keeps warm temperatures inside.

隔熱材料可以阻止低溫侵入，並保持室內溫暖。

So if you want to stay warm in extremely cold weather, it's important to dress in layers.

是以，如果您想在極寒天氣中保持溫暖，多穿幾層衣服非常重要。

So how would I describe today?

那麼，我該如何形容今天呢？

I would probably say, it's bitterly cold today, or it's freezing cold today, or just it's freezing.

我可能會說："今天真冷啊！"或者 "今天真冷啊！"或者 "今天真冷啊！"。

Those are probably the three most common phrases that we would use to describe extreme cold.

這可能是我們用來形容極度寒冷最常用的三個短語。

When it's minus two, it's not that cold.

零下兩度的時候，就沒那麼冷了。

It's a little bit cold, but when it's this temperature, when it's below minus ten, we would say it's bitterly cold, it's freezing cold, or it's freezing.

雖然有點冷，但在這種氣溫下，當氣溫低於零下十度時，我們會說這是嚴寒、冰凍或極冷。

By the way, do you like this tree?

對了，你喜歡這棵樹嗎？

Did you, have you hugged a tree today?

你今天擁抱過樹嗎？

Aren't you supposed to hug a tree every day?

你不是應該每天擁抱一棵樹嗎？

These are my three favorite trees, by the way.

順便說一句，這是我最喜歡的三棵樹。

I'm not sure if you can see the two in the background as well.

我不確定你是否也能看到背景中的兩個人。

They're at the far end of my farm, and I often walk here to come and visit them.

它們在我農場的最裡面，我經常走過來看它們。

Sounds kind of funny, maybe, to visit a tree.

也許，去拜訪一棵樹聽起來有點滑稽。

By the way, the farm is way back over there.

順便說一下，農場就在那邊的後面。

And yeah, these three trees have been here my whole life.

是啊，這三棵樹我一直都在這裡。

When I was a kid, it was often fun to come and play down here.

當我還是個孩子的時候，經常來這裡玩耍。

It's actually also right by the river.

實際上，它也就在河邊。

So just a little tidbit about Bob's life, and go hug a tree today.

所以，今天就給大家講講鮑勃的生活，去擁抱一棵樹吧。

So luckily, this cold spell did not come with lots of snow.

幸運的是，這次寒流並沒有帶來大量降雪。

Sometimes when you have a cold spell, it can also be very windy and very snowy.

有時，寒流來襲時也會颳大風、下大雪。

There's just lots of snow coming down, and it can cause what's called whiteouts, or whiteout conditions.

大量降雪會造成所謂的 "白茫茫一片 "或 "白茫茫一片 "的狀況。

Right now, I can see the barn, and I can see the house from here, but if we were having whiteout conditions, if there were whiteouts, there would be so much snow blowing, I wouldn't be able to see them.

現在，我能看到穀倉，也能從這裡看到房子，但如果遇到大風雪，如果有大風雪，雪會吹得很大，我就看不到它們了。

This is especially dangerous when you're driving.

這在開車時尤其危險。

When you drive on the road in the winter, and if there are whiteouts, you can't see very far in front of you.

冬天開車上路時，如果遇到白茫茫的一片，就會看不清前方。

Extremely dangerous, and not fun at all.

極其危險，一點也不好玩。

Very, very stressful.

壓力非常非常大。

So thankfully, this little cold spell we're having is just cold.

幸好，這次的小寒流只是冷而已。

Not a lot of snow, not a lot of whiteouts.

雪不大，白茫茫一片。

Everything has been fairly safe when we're driving on the road, so that's good.

當我們在路上行駛時，一切都相當安全，所以這很好。

Another thing that can be extremely dangerous when you have extremely cold weather is something called black ice.

在極端寒冷的天氣裡，還有一種叫做黑冰的東西會非常危險。

Black ice is when there's a thin layer of ice on black pavement, and what makes it dangerous is that you can't see it.

黑冰是指黑色路面上有一層薄冰，之所以危險，是因為你看不到它。

Black ice sometimes forms at the beginning of a cold snap.

黑冰有時會在寒流開始時形成。

When the weather's warm, and there's a bit of water on the road, and maybe it's raining, as soon as the temperature drops, a very, very thin layer of ice forms on the pavement.

天氣暖和的時候，路面上有一些積水，也許還下著雨，一旦氣溫下降，路面上就會結出一層很薄很薄的冰。

And ice is like glass.

冰就像玻璃。

You can see through it.

你可以看穿它。

So sometimes you're driving, and there's black ice, and you don't realize that it's extremely slippery.

是以，有時你在開車，遇到黑冰，你並沒有意識到它非常溼滑。

Thankfully, right now, there's no black ice on the road.

幸好，現在路上沒有黑冰。

It's safe to drive.

可以安全駕駛

It looks like the road crews have kept the road safe by putting down lots of salt to melt any black ice that would form.

看來，道路工作人員通過撒大量的鹽來融化可能結成的黑冰，保證了道路的安全。

But yes, another dangerous thing when you're driving in extremely cold weather, watch out for black ice.

沒錯，在極寒天氣駕駛時還有一件危險的事，那就是小心黑冰。

So thankfully, there wasn't a lot of snow during this extremely cold weather, and we're not snowed in.

所幸的是，在這次極寒天氣中沒有下大雪，我們也沒有被雪困住。

You can see the snow is only about two, three centimeters deep, an inch to an inch and a half, and so we are not snowed in.

你可以看到雪只有兩三釐米深，一英寸到一英寸半，所以我們沒有被雪困住。

When you are snowed in, it means there's so much snow that you can't drive out of your driveway.

當你被雪困住時，這意味著積雪太多，你無法將車開出車道。

You can't go anywhere until you remove the snow, and sometimes the snow gets so deep during extreme cold weather that you're snowed in.

在除雪之前，你哪兒也去不了，有時在極端寒冷的天氣裡，積雪會很深，以至於你被雪困住。

You could also say that you're snowed under, but this also has another meaning.

你也可以說你被雪壓住了，但這也有另一層含義。

If you're ever really busy at work or at school, you can say that you're snowed under.

如果你的工作或學習真的很忙，你可以說你被雪藏了。

So thankfully, we're not snowed in.

幸好，我們沒有被大雪困住。

The snow is not very deep at all, and thankfully, we're not snowed under, and hopefully, you're not snowed under in the sense that you're so busy, you can't get all your work done.

雪一點也不深，幸好我們沒有被大雪困住，希望你們也沒有被大雪困住，忙得無法完成所有工作。

Well, thank you for watching this English lesson.

感謝您收看本節英語課。

I hope you were able to learn some new English words and phrases that you can use the next time you talk about extremely cold weather.

我希望您能學到一些新的英語單詞和短語，以便下次談論極寒天氣時使用。

Remember, if this is your first time here, don't forget to click that red subscribe button.

記住，如果您是第一次來這裡，別忘了點擊紅色的訂閱按鈕。

Give me a thumbs up.

豎起大拇指

Leave a comment.

發表評論。

I love to read them.

我喜歡讀它們。

And if you want to learn more English, I think you know what to do.

如果你想學習更多英語，我想你知道該怎麼做。

There's always more English lessons to watch.

還有更多的英語課要看。

Bye.

再見。

Bye.

再見。

Bye.

再見。