Name: 出國的時候你有注意過機場的設計嘛？建築師專業解釋機場裡隱藏的設計巧思！ (Architect Explains Hidden Airport Design Tricks That Guide Travelers | WSJ Pro Perfected)
Uploaded: 2024-12-24T21:01:20.000Z
Duration: 8 min 3 s

第二類條件句型

If you walked into an airport, could you make it through security and to your gate without relying on signs?

如果你走進機場，你能不依靠指示牌就通安檢並到達登機口嗎？

That's something architects like Peter Ruggiero have to consider.

這是彼得-魯傑羅等建築師必須考慮的問題。

程度副詞

The sign that's in the foreground is very visual, very easy to understand.

前景中的標誌非常直觀，非常容易理解。

But as I look further into the space, there's a lot of visual noise.

但當我進一步觀察這個空間時，卻發現有很多視覺噪音。

Instead, Peter prefers massive windows and curved pathways to subtly guide millions of passengers every day.

相反，彼得更喜歡用巨大的窗戶和彎曲的通道來巧妙地引導每天數以百萬計的乘客。

And travel is increasing, with 57% more passengers than 2002.

旅行人數也在不斷增加，比 2002 年增加了 57%。

We asked an expert to explain how airports can keep passenger flow seamless, making the difference between a smooth travel experience and increased revenue, or a missed flight.

我們請專家解釋了機場如何保持客流的順暢，使旅行體驗順暢、收入增加，還是錯過班機。

All airports have two sides, a land side and an air side.

所有機場都有兩面，一面是陸地，一面是空中。

The land side often looks like this, with linear check-in counters as the focal point of the space.

陸側通常是這樣的，直線型的值機櫃臺是空間的焦點。

In the linear arrangement, it was a destination.

在線性排列中，它是一個目的地。

You walked up to it, and then you had to walk away from it.

你走到它跟前，然後又不得不離開它。

And this made sense back when all travelers had to stop at the counter to get their boarding pass.

在所有旅客都必須在櫃檯前停留領取登機牌的時代，這樣做是有道理的。

Families, elderly passengers, and infrequent travelers may need more assistance, and are more inclined to use the counters rather than the kiosks.

家庭、老年乘客和不經常旅行的乘客可能需要更多幫助，他們更傾向於使用櫃檯而不是自助服務機。

They may also want to stop at a bathroom before heading to security.

在前往安檢處之前，他們可能還想在衛生間停留一下。

Frequent travelers, however, are more likely to check in online, skipping this whole area and going straight to security.

然而，經常出差的旅客更傾向於在網上辦理登機手續，跳過整個區域，直接進入安檢。

But the position of these counters blocks visibility and hinders the flow of traffic.

但這些計數器的位置阻擋了視線，妨礙了交通。

What we've illustrated is the need for all of these things to be highly visible.

我們所說明的是，所有這些事情都需要高度可見。

Rotate the counters so they're perpendicular with the entrance.

旋轉計數器，使其與入口垂直。

The island configuration allows for that fluid transaction.

島式配置可以實現流暢的交易。

You walk up to it, and then you continue on your journey.

你走過去，然後繼續你的旅程。

This is where intuitive wayfinding comes into play.

Traditional wayfinding is really a dependence on graphics and signage.

傳統的尋路方式實際上是對圖形和標識的依賴。

But intuitive wayfinding uses the space itself to guide people.

但是，直觀的尋路系統利用空間本身來引導人們。

Take the ceiling in Atlanta International Airport.

This particular ceiling has a little bit of an emphasis towards the glass, because it appears to be sloping down, creating a sense of a compression.

這個特殊的天花板有點強調玻璃，因為它似乎是向下傾斜的，營造出一種壓迫感。

Ultimately pointing travelers to their destination, the airside.

最終將旅客引向他們的目的地--機場。

And while many airports have uniform flooring, floor design can also encourage circulation patterns and demarcate spaces.

雖然許多機場都採用統一的地板，但地板設計也可以促進流通模式和劃分空間。

Like in LAX, where high-contrast patterns divide the walking pathways from the queues.

就像在洛杉磯國際機場，高對比度的圖案將人行道與排隊區隔開。

So a well-designed space should be able to tell you where you're going.

一個精心設計的空間應該能夠告訴你要去哪裡。

And the signage, if there is any, is really there just to reaffirm that you're going in the right direction or that you arrived where you should be going.

如果有路標的話，也只是為了再次確認你走的方向是正確的，或者你已經到達了你應該去的地方。

The link between the landside and the airside.

But here, the rules of good wayfinding can be in conflict with the safety measures implemented by security agencies.

但在這裡，良好的尋路規則可能與安全機構實施的安全措施相沖突。

Security has changed so much since it was introduced over 50 years ago.

自 50 多年前引入安全系統以來，安全系統已發生了巨大變化。

If you think of the original prototypical designs for airport terminals, security located somewhere in the middle.

如果你回想一下最初的機場航站樓設計原型，安檢就位於中間的某個位置。

And it was almost like this little pavilion.

Passengers went in on one side, they went through security, and they exited on the other.

乘客從一側進入，通過安檢，然後從另一側離開。

But TSA requires a barrier between the non-secure landside and secure airside, reducing transparency and interrupting the flow.

但運輸安全管理局要求在非安全的陸側和安全的空側之間設置屏障，從而降低了透明度，中斷了人流。

But how do we minimize the impact of that wall to create this kind of pleasant passenger experience and still achieve the requirements?

但是，我們怎樣才能最大限度地減少這堵牆的影響，為乘客創造這種愉悅的體驗，同時又能達到要求呢？

We designed security in a lower ceiling area where the wall is minimal.

我們在天花板較低的地方設計了安全設施，那裡的牆壁很少。

The presence of the wall is not intrusive.

So we go from the taller ceiling height of the departures hall and then into the lower, more confined and defined space of security.

我們從離境大廳較高的天花板高度進入到較低、更封閉、更明確的安檢空間。

But the area has also needed to accommodate more passengers over time.

但隨著時間的推移，該地區也需要容納更多的乘客。

In July 2024, the TSA set a new record for screening over 3 million people in one day.

2024 年 7 月，運輸安全管理局創下了單日安檢人數超過 300 萬的新紀錄。

接下來的 12 月 1 日，它戰勝了它。

What we've learned is how we can accommodate change by creating large, flexible areas.

我們學到的是如何通過創建大面積的靈活區域來適應變化。

So instead of building a bathroom with plumbing or a mechanical room here, architects will put more flexible spaces like an office, something that can easily be torn down later.

建築師不會在這裡建造帶管道的浴室或機房，而是會在這裡建造更靈活的空間，比如辦公室，這樣的空間以後很容易拆掉。

That way, security can expand if needed, making way for new machines and more efficient methods like parallel divestment.

這樣，就可以在必要時擴大安全性，為新機器和更有效的方法（如並行撤資）讓路。

And what it means is instead of one person at a time grabbing a tray, putting their suitcase on the conveyor belt, taking their coat off, taking their hat off, their shoes, whatever it is, multiple passengers can do it at the same time, reducing the amount of time that a passenger spends in security.

這意味著，不再是一個人一次拿起托盤、把行李箱放到傳送帶上、脫掉外套、脫帽、脫鞋等，而是多名乘客可以同時進行，從而減少了乘客在安檢中花費的時間。

And getting passengers through the line faster has a benefit.

讓乘客更快地通過排隊也有好處。

For every 10 minutes a passenger spends in the security line, their spending in the terminal decreases by 30%.

旅客在安檢隊伍中每花費 10 分鐘，他們在航站樓內的消費就會減少 30%。

Retail used to be an afterthought at airports.

在機場，零售業曾經是事後才考慮的問題。

Stores were tucked into any available space.

In a configuration like this, there might be the greater need for signage to announce what is ahead and what can be anticipated.

在這樣的配置中，可能更需要標識牌來公佈前方的情況和可以預見的情況。

Because without it, a passenger really will not be aware of what's there until they're there.

因為如果沒有它，乘客在到達目的地之前真的不會意識到那裡有什麼。

So now airports and airlines are spending billions on renovations to make open retail hubs where clear sight lines help establish what's available and where people pass through the retail rather than next to it.

現在機場和航空公司正在斥資數十億美元進行翻新，以打造開放式零售中心，在這裡，清晰的視線有助於確定有哪些商品可供選擇，人們可以穿過零售店，而不是挨著零售店。

Utilizing the large pavilion-like space, the retail is visually and physically much more accessible.

利用大型涼亭式空間，零售店在視覺和物理上都更加方便。

Floor patterning, the shape of the soffit above you, the patterning configuration of light, all really helping to serve a kind of a clearly defined path of circulation, but not a prescribed path of circulation.

地板的圖案、上方擋板的形狀、燈光的圖案配置，所有這些都有助於形成一種明確的循環路徑，但不是規定的循環路徑。

But airports have to balance the needs of their passengers with those of the planes, which require a lot of space to taxi safely.

但機場必須在乘客需求和飛機需求之間取得平衡，因為飛機需要很大的空間才能安全滑行。

And ultimately, this balancing act helps dictate the airport's configuration.

最終，這種平衡有助於決定機場的佈局。

Some of the busiest airports in the U.S., like in Atlanta and Denver, use this layout.

美國一些最繁忙的機場，如亞特蘭大和丹佛機場，都採用這種佈局。

Because it's an island, planes can be placed entirely around its perimeter.

因為它是一個島，所以飛機可以完全圍繞它的周邊佈置。

But passengers may have to use underground shuttles or trains to get between terminals.

但乘客可能需要乘坐地下穿梭巴士或火車才能在航站樓之間往返。

You're removing the kind of the visual clues and the visual awareness of being at the airport.

你消除了在機場的視覺線索和視覺意識。

Other airports have curves and fingers, which can constrain the plane's movements, but help to keep passengers above ground the whole time, maintaining their spatial awareness.

其他機場則有彎道和手指，這可能會限制飛機的移動，但有助於讓乘客始終保持在地面上，保持他們的空間感。

And that's key as passengers walk through the terminal regardless of layout.

這一點非常關鍵，因為無論航站樓的佈局如何，乘客都可以穿行其中。

Sharp 90-degree turns reduce transparency.

A passenger, say, located here, walking in this direction, their sightline is about that big.

比如說，一名乘客位於這裡，朝這個方向走去，他們的視線就有這麼大。

Wide, curved paths increase that sightline.

And level changes give travelers a bird's-eye view of the space before they descend into it.

而樓層的變化則讓旅客在下樓之前就能鳥瞰整個空間。

That awareness really starts to hopefully contribute to reducing the anxiety and the stress levels, because then that passenger may actually be more comfortable spending time in the terminal shopping.

這種意識有望減輕乘客的焦慮和壓力，因為這樣一來，乘客在航站樓購物時可能會更自在。

While departures gets a lot of attention, Peter says the arrivals area has been neglected.

彼得說，出發區受到了廣泛關注，而到達區卻被忽視了。

But often, arriving passengers' first impression is essentially of a basement.

但通常情況下，抵達乘客的第一印象基本上是地下室。

So when he worked on LaGuardia's Terminal B redesign, Peter sent arrivals down a series of cascading escalators overlooking the departures hall before arriving in baggage claim.

在重新設計拉瓜迪亞機場的 B 號航站樓時，彼得讓到達的旅客在到達行李領取處之前，先通過一系列層疊的自動扶梯到達出發大廳。

We really want to make everyone feel that they have this elevated moment.

我們真的很想讓每個人都感受到他們擁有這個昇華的時刻。

When you're going on vacation or seeing family, you probably aren't expecting the airport to be a very memorable part of your trip.

當您去度假或探親時，您可能不會想到機場會成為您旅行中非常難忘的一部分。

And how do we make the processing actually almost invisible?

我們又該如何讓處理過程實際上幾乎不可見呢？

That checking in is so transparent, like going through security is hopefully effortless.

辦理登機手續如此透明，就像通過安檢一樣毫不費力。

We approach these projects from two positions.

我們從兩個方面著手開展這些項目。