Let's say we discovered that 300 years ago there were a group of teenagers in a village in southern France, I'm making all this up, who wrote to each other, wrote notes all day long, just because they liked it.

比方說，我們發現 300 年前，在法國南部的一個村子裡，有一群青少年（這是我編造的），他們互相通信，整天寫紙條，只是因為他們喜歡這樣。

Historians would say, oh, this is a very literate group, obviously.

歷史學家會說，哦，這顯然是一個非常有文化的群體。

Our kids are doing this.

我們的孩子正在這樣做。

So something very good might be coming from Facebook, and I don't think it's been properly studied.

是以，Facebook 可能會帶來一些非常好的東西，但我認為還沒有對其進行適當的研究。

It's much too early, I think, to condemn these kinds of things.

我認為，現在譴責這類事情還為時過早。

They might be very, very important, and they might be pushing us forward very quickly.

它們可能非常非常重要，可能會推動我們快速前進。

Now, does internet reading good or bad?

現在，網絡閱讀是好是壞？

I think it's good.

我認為這很好。

Here's why.

原因就在這裡。

Here's a couple of studies for you, way down in the bottom of the page.

這裡有幾項研究，就在頁面底部。

The more kids are on the net, the more they read.

孩子們上網越多，閱讀量就越大。

Not less, but more.

不是更少，而是更多。

The more they read print.

他們閱讀的印刷品越多。

A study on the bottom from Netherlands, a small correlation, 0.31 isn't very large, but it's positive.

來自荷蘭的一項關於底層的研究顯示，相關性很小，0.31 並不是很大，但卻是正相關。

More use of the internet means more book reading, flipping over the page.

更多使用互聯網意味著更多閱讀書籍，翻閱頁面。

Same thing in Singapore.

新加坡也是如此。

More use of the internet meant more newspaper reading, more involvement with the world in Several studies say that more internet use, more reading from the internet, means more literacy development.

更多使用互聯網意味著更多閱讀報紙，更多接觸世界 有幾項研究表明，更多使用互聯網，更多閱讀互聯網，意味著更多讀寫能力的發展。

It's that reading, the kind of reading they do, really does count.

閱讀，他們所做的那種閱讀，真的很重要。

One study done in the States, they gave computers to young kids, low income, so they didn't have access, and the more they used the computer, the more they were on the net, the better they did in reading.

在美國進行的一項研究中，他們給低收入家庭的孩子提供了電腦，是以他們無法使用電腦，而他們使用電腦越多，上網越多，閱讀能力就越強。

Not in math, just reading, which showed it was specific to reading, and they were reading more.

不是在數學方面，只是在閱讀方面，這表明它是專門針對閱讀的，而且他們讀得更多了。

The way they set up the study and the statistics they used, it's clear that the reading from the internet was causal.

從他們設置研究的方式和使用的統計數據來看，從互聯網上獲取的資訊顯然是有因果關係的。

I've been involved with a colleague in India, Professor Pratibha.

我一直與印度的一位同事普拉蒂巴教授合作。

We're virtual friends, as you are with lots of people in the world.

我們是虛擬朋友，就像你和世界上很多人一樣。

I've been re-examining some data that she has been collecting.

我一直在重新研究她收集的一些數據。

She works in an engineering school, an engineering college, and her students are extremely advanced in English.

她在一所工程學院工作，她的學生英語水平非常高。

They're really good, and they all want to get better in these exams and get their English going, et cetera.

他們都很優秀，都想在這些考試中取得更好的成績，把英語學好，等等。

She gave them a very demanding vocabulary test, really hard, and a questionnaire of how much reading they did.

她給他們做了一個要求很高的詞彙測試，非常難，還做了一份他們閱讀量的調查問卷。

No surprise, the more they read, the better their vocabulary was, good, strong correlation.

毫不奇怪，他們讀得越多，詞彙量就越大，很好，很強的相關性。

Then I divided the questions into two groups, reading from the computer and reading from Both correlate with vocabulary growth, independently.

然後，我把問題抽成了兩組，分別是獨立從電腦上閱讀和獨立從《兩者都與詞彙增長相關》中閱讀。

What this means is reading from the computer, again, really counts.

這就意味著，從電腦上閱讀同樣非常重要。

It's good for you.

這對你有好處。

How do you like that?

你覺得怎麼樣？

I've been very interested in pushing something we can do right now, free voluntary surfing, which I think is a wonderful way.

我一直對推動我們現在就可以做的事情非常感興趣，那就是免費自願衝浪，我認為這是一種非常好的方式。

It's narrow reading.

閱讀面很窄。

It's your own interest following topics you like.

這是你自己的興趣，關注你喜歡的話題。

We do it as advanced English users, but I don't know if our students do.

我們作為高級英語使用者是這樣做的，但我不知道我們的學生是否這樣做。

The little bit of data I have, this has not been investigated.

我所掌握的少量數據還沒有對此進行過調查。

I think it's a wonderful thing to look at.

我認為這是一件非常值得一看的事情。

This was done in Taiwan.

這是在臺灣完成的。

They found that people were using, lots of people using the internet.

他們發現人們在使用，很多人在使用互聯網。

Most of them were using it in Chinese only.

他們中的大多數人只使用中文。

Very little in second language.

第二語言很少。

There's sometimes a reluctance, fear you won't understand.

有時會有一種不情願，害怕你不理解。

The cure, interesting topics.

治療，有趣的話題。

You'll forget what language it's in.

你會忘記它使用的是哪種語言。

The potential for us as a field, I'm summarizing the positive now.

我們作為一個領域的潛力，我現在總結的是積極的方面。

We can use the computer, oh my.

我們可以用電腦，哦，天哪。

In terms of beginning English classes, when we want more books, we can do, we call language experience.

就初級英語課而言，當我們想要更多的書籍時，我們可以做的，我們稱之為語言體驗。

Have the children dictate stories to us.

讓孩子們口述故事給我們聽。

We write them down.

我們把它們寫下來。

We put them on the computer.

我們把它們放到電腦上。

In a day, you can have lots of good stories.

一天之內，你可以有很多好故事。

You know, if you teach kids English, and you teach little kids, and each child comes up with a story, 20 kids in the class, I'm fantasizing, 20 kids, okay, you have 20 stories, you know that two or three of them are going to be as good as any professional story.

你知道，如果你教孩子們英語，你教小孩子，每個孩子都會想出一個故事，全班 20 個孩子，我在幻想，20 個孩子，好吧，你有 20 個故事，你知道其中兩三個會和任何專業故事一樣好。

Within a week, you have a library.

一週之內，你就擁有了一個圖書館。

Thanks to the internet, we can share with every English class in the world.

多虧了互聯網，我們可以與世界上每一個英語班分享。

Watch out publishers.

出版商們要小心了。

We can have interesting, comprehensible stuff within a day.

我們可以在一天之內獲得有趣、易懂的內容。

We can have 1,000 good stories written by other kids that are interesting, comprehensible, sometimes very, very compelling.

我們可以有 1000 個其他孩子寫的有趣、易懂、有時非常非常引人入勝的好故事。

Video, oh my.

視頻，哦，我的天。

I wrote a paper back in the 80s called Narrow Reading.

早在上世紀 80 年代，我就寫過一篇名為《狹義閱讀》的論文。

Then, in the 90s, I wrote a paper called Narrow Listening, and Narrow Listening was you go up to people, and you ask people the same question, like I did this when I was starting out with Spanish.

然後，在 90 年代，我寫了一篇名為 "窄聽 "的論文。"窄聽 "就是你走到別人身邊，問他們同樣的問題，就像我剛開始學西班牙語時做的那樣。

I'd go up to 10 people, and I'd ask them the same question, Spanish speakers, and I'd say things like, you know, do you like coffee or tea, you know, when I was first starting?

我走到十個人面前，問他們同樣的問題，說西班牙語的人，我會說，你知道，你喜歡咖啡還是茶，你知道，當我剛開始的時候？

How do you fall asleep at night?

晚上如何入睡？

Then, as I got better, it was things like, who is the perfect man?

後來，隨著我病情的好轉，我開始思考 "誰是完美男人 "這樣的問題。

Who is the perfect woman?

誰是完美女人？

I got all these lists.

我得到了所有這些名單。

I can tell you what the characteristics are.

我可以告訴你有哪些特點。

And as I, you know, I'd listen to them again and again, and they would get more comprehensible, and they were people I knew.

當我一遍又一遍地聽他們說話時，他們會變得更容易理解，而且他們都是我認識的人。

My triumphant experiment with Spanish, I knew this family in Cuernavaca, Mexico, five brothers and one sister.

我的西班牙語實驗取得了勝利，我認識了墨西哥庫埃納瓦卡的這個家庭，他們有五個兄弟和一個姐妹。

I knew them all pretty well.

我跟他們都很熟。

And I asked each sibling to describe the others.

我讓每個兄弟姐妹都描述一下其他人。

I got an hour of wonderful tape, fairly good gossip about the whole family.

我聽了一個小時的精彩錄音帶，還聽了不少關於整個家庭的八卦。

And since I knew them all, I had background on, this was Narrow Listening, I would like to expand this to Narrow Video.

因為我對他們都很瞭解，我有背景，這是 "窄聽"，我想把它擴展到 "窄視"。

Wouldn't that be wonderful?

這豈不妙哉？

Everybody's got their iPads, right?

每個人都有自己的 iPad，對嗎？

You can have people record for you, send you the video with context.

你可以讓別人為你錄製視頻，並將視頻連同上下文發送給你。

Here's a map of the world.

這是一張世界地圖。

Tell me where you grew up.

告訴我你在哪裡長大

Tell me where you moved.

告訴我你搬到哪裡去了

Here's some pictures.

下面是一些圖片。

Tell me what do you think of this.

告訴我你怎麼看？

Here's a picture of Barack Obama shaking hands with Mitt Romney.

這是巴拉克-奧巴馬與米特-羅姆尼握手的照片。

What's going on?

怎麼了？

You know, and we can, you know, people, you get 10 people to tell you about that.

你知道，我們可以，你知道，人們，你可以讓 10 個人告訴你這件事。

So I think the potential is absolutely enormous.

是以，我認為潛力絕對巨大。

Okay, I'm going to scold you.

好吧，我要罵你了。

You knew this was coming.

你早就知道會這樣

I read every abstract, folks.

我讀了每篇摘要，各位。

I read it all in the book, in there, what everybody's putting on.

我在書裡都讀到了，每個人都穿了什麼。

There are only hints of using technology to spread good stories.

利用技術傳播好故事只是一個伏筆。

This is so simple.

這太簡單了。

I think this is where we can make instant progress and make the world an easier, better place immediately.

我認為，我們可以在這方面取得立竿見影的進展，並立即讓世界變得更輕鬆、更美好。

Kids can go home from class with their little, what is it, iPad, iPod, iHop, whatever, and, you know, see good stories from the day's class and exchange with each other and get tons of comprehensible input backed up with visual.

孩子們下課後可以帶著他們的小iPad、iPod、iHop之類的東西回家，你知道，他們可以看到當天課堂上的精彩故事，相互交流，獲得大量可理解的、有視覺支持的資訊。

I think this would be great.

我認為這將會很棒。

Well, let me now be critical and go after people who I think are misusing the computer and fooling the public.

好吧，現在讓我來責備一下那些我認為濫用電腦、愚弄公眾的人。

This is called bogus uses of the computer.

這就是所謂的假使用計算機。

Just because it's technology doesn't mean it's good.

技術並不意味著好。

The biggest offender is in every airport in the world, and it's called Rosetta Stone.

世界上每個機場都有一個最大的 "罪犯"，它的名字叫 "羅塞塔石碑"。

How many of you have heard of Rosetta Stone?

有多少人聽說過羅塞塔石碑？

Oh, boy.

哦，天哪

They have the most amazing advertising budget.

他們擁有最驚人的廣告預算。

And the advertisements you see on television is you can become a world citizen, you can see the world, and just get our software for $350 marked down from $500, and you can effortlessly and naturally acquire the language.

你在電視上看到的廣告是，你可以成為世界公民，你可以放眼世界，只需購買我們的軟件，價格從 500 美元降到 350 美元，你就可以毫不費力地自然掌握這門語言。

And they use a lot of my terminology.

他們使用了很多我的術語。

You might have noticed, you know, don't learn the language, absorb it.

你可能已經注意到了，你知道，不要學習語言，要吸收語言。

I'll see my lawyer, okay?

我會去見我的律師，好嗎？

Do this the natural way, the way kids do.

用自然的方式，用孩子們的方式去做。

Well, I've actually been blamed for Rosetta Stone.

實際上，我一直在為 "羅塞塔石碑 "背黑鍋。

I have nothing to do with them.

我和他們沒有任何關係。

But I've done something no one else has done.

但我做了一件別人沒做過的事。

I've looked at all the research.

我看了所有的研究報告。

There actually is research on Rosetta Stone.

羅塞塔石碑其實是有研究的。

First of all, let me tell you about the system.

首先，讓我來介紹一下這個系統。

What it is, is you look at four pictures, you hear a word or a phrase, and you identify which picture matches the word or phrase.

具體來說，就是你看四張圖片，聽到一個單詞或短語，然後找出與該單詞或短語相匹配的圖片。

That's it.

就是這樣。

That's the whole thing.

這就是整個事情。

It is not compelling.

這並不令人信服。

It's pretty dull.

這很無趣。

Now, there have only been two studies of Rosetta Stone, both of which I suspect were funded by Rosetta Stone.

現在，只有兩項關於羅塞塔石碑的研究，我懷疑這兩項研究都是由羅塞塔石碑資助的。

It's ambiguous.

這是模稜兩可的。

You can find them on Rosetta Stone's website, and neither of them are done by anyone in language education.

您可以在 Rosetta Stone 的網站上找到它們，而且這兩部作品都不是由語言教育領域的任何人完成的。

One is a professor of sociology at Queens College in New York, and the other is through a consulting firm that sometimes does educational research.

一位是紐約皇后學院的社會學教授，另一位是通過一家有時從事教育研究的諮詢公司。

And I have the articles.

我還有文章。

You can find them.

您可以找到它們。

They're on the net.

它們就在網上。

But they don't really mention who funded it.

但他們並沒有真正提到是誰資助的。

And they're not published in journals.

它們也沒有在期刊上發表。

They're just on the Rosetta Stone thing.

他們只是在研究羅塞塔石碑。

So that automatically makes you suspicious.

所以，這自動讓你產生了懷疑。

One of them, this guy Vassilinov did it, and another guy, Rockman.

其中一個是瓦西林諾夫，另一個是洛克曼。

It's Rockman et al., but you don't know who the et al. is.

是洛克人等人，但你不知道誰是等人。

It's just Rockman et al.

只是洛克人等人。

Vassilinov says that it's equivalent to one semester of college Spanish in terms of hours dedicated.

瓦西林諾夫說，就課時而言，這相當於大學西班牙語課程的一個學期。

Well, I looked the data, and I found it's true.

我查了一下數據，發現確實如此。

It is just about the same.

其實也差不多。

The time you put in in Rosetta Stone, if you put in like 80 hours, you get the equivalent of a semester of a college Spanish course on an old-fashioned grammar test.

你在羅塞塔石碑上投入的時間，如果你投入了 80 個小時，那麼在老式的文法測試中，你就能得到相當於大學西班牙語課程一個學期的成績。

This tells us nothing.

這說明不了什麼。

What we have found in our work is that if you have comprehensible input-based methods, they're better than traditional methods if you give people a communicative test.

我們在工作中發現，如果你有可理解的基於輸入的方法，那麼在對人們進行交際測試時，這些方法比傳統方法更好。

If you give them a grammar test, they're the same, or comprehensible input is a little better.

如果給他們做文法測試，他們是一樣的，或者說可理解性輸入更好一些。

They didn't give them a communicative test.

他們沒有給他們做交流測試。

They gave them a grammar test.

他們給他們做了一個文法測試。

In other words, it's about the same as traditional methodology.

換句話說，它與傳統方法論差不多。

They're advertising that this is the best and fastest way to acquire a language.

他們宣傳說，這是學習語言最好最快的方法。

What we found here is it's no better or worse than a standard grammar class.

我們在這裡發現，它不比標準文法課好，也不比標準文法課差。

Not very impressive.

印象不深。

The students also were tested on an oral test, a very famous oral test pioneered by the Foreign Language Association in the United States, ACFL.

學生們還接受了口語測試，這是美國外語協會（ACFL）首創的一項非常著名的口語測試。

They grow about one level out of 10.

它們的生長速度大約是 10 級中的 1 級。

That's stable.

很穩定。

Both studies find this.

這兩項研究都發現了這一點。

No one has correlated the actual level with college classes.

沒有人將實際水平與大學課程聯繫起來。

We don't really know what it means, but we do know they make a little bit of progress.

我們並不知道這意味著什麼，但我們知道他們取得了一點進展。

They have limited communicative skill after 55 to 70 hours.

55 至 70 個小時後，他們的溝通能力有限。

That's it.

就是這樣。

Now, this isn't bad, but this isn't enough to claim that you've got this wonderful method that's much better than any other.

現在，這並不壞，但這還不足以讓你宣稱你有了比其他方法好得多的絕妙方法。

One of the two studies claims that the students absolutely loved it.

其中一項研究稱，學生們非常喜歡這項研究。

They gave them questionnaires and like 80, 90 percent, depends on the question, thought it was terrific.

他們給他們做了問卷調查，80%、90%（取決於問題）的人都認為這非常好。

They're enthusiastic.

他們很熱情。

They'll tell their friends about it.

他們會把這件事告訴他們的朋友。

Well, a study came out in a regular journal, the Journal of ...

一項研究發表在正規期刊《...

What is it?

是什麼？

It's one of your journals, one of the technology journals by Nielsen, Technology and Language.

這是你的期刊之一，尼爾森的技術期刊之一，《技術與語言》。

They discovered, she discovered, they asked people to do Rosetta Stone and do a full course.

他們發現，她發現，他們要求人們做羅塞塔石碑，做一個完整的課程。

Nearly everyone dropped out after 10 hours.

10 個小時後，幾乎所有人都退出了。

Major reason, it's boring.

主要原因是無聊。

That's an independent study.

這是一項獨立研究。

My conclusions, I wouldn't say it's horrible.

我的結論是，這並不可怕。

I wouldn't say it's negative.

我不會說它是負面的。

I wouldn't say it's torture.

我不會說這是折磨。

We really don't know, but certainly it doesn't live up to these claims that they say in the advertisements.

我們真的不知道，但可以肯定的是，它並沒有達到廣告中所說的這些要求。

That's number one, Rosetta Stone.

這是第一位的，羅塞塔石碑。

Another thing that's happening in the United States and because it's happening in the United States, it will be on your breakfast table pretty soon.

另一件發生在美國的事，因為發生在美國，所以很快就會出現在你們的早餐桌上。

In fact, one out of three schools in the United States uses it.

事實上，美國每三家學校中就有一家使用它。

It's called Accelerated Reader.

它叫做 "加速閱讀"。

How many of you have heard of Accelerated Reader?

有多少人聽說過 "加速閱讀"？

You will soon know all about it because they're pushing into other countries.

你很快就會知道這一切，因為他們正在向其他國家推進。

Accelerated Reader is a reading management program.

Accelerated Reader 是一項閱讀管理計劃。

The program is this.

程序是這樣的

The child reads a book, types the name of the book into the computer, a quiz pops up, you answer questions based on the content of the book, you get points.

孩子讀完一本書，在電腦上輸入書名，彈出一個測驗，你根據書的內容回答問題，就能得到分數。

If you get 60% better, you get credit, otherwise you don't, and then you can turn in your points at the end of the year for prizes.

如果你的成績提高了 60%，你就可以獲得積分，否則就沒有積分，然後你就可以在年末上交積分兌換獎品。

The Accelerated Reader people say, this is great, this is helping kids learn to read, and we have scientific proof that it works.

Accelerated Reader 的人說，這很好，這有助於孩子們學習閱讀，我們有科學證據證明它有效。

About three years ago, the Journal of Children's Literature asked me to do a review of Accelerated Reader and I happily accepted.

大約三年前，《兒童文學雜誌》請我為《加速閱讀》寫一篇評論，我欣然接受了。

I love doing these things.

我喜歡做這些事情。

I looked at all the papers.

我看了所有的文件。

There were only two published papers in journals.

只有兩篇論文在期刊上發表。

All the rest was dissertations, I looked at those, files of unpublished studies, or they came from the company, Renaissance Learning, on their website.

剩下的都是論文，我看了那些未發表的研究文件，或者它們來自文藝復興學習公司的網站。

I looked at all of them.

我看了他們所有人。

I even looked at the papers that came from the company, and I did a huge review.

我甚至看了公司寄來的文件，做了大量的審查。

It's on the website, you can download it.

網站上有，你可以下載。

To tell you what really happened, I have to review for you what Accelerated Reader does.

為了告訴你事情的真相，我必須為你回顧一下《加速閱讀》的作用。

This is the crucial part.

這是至關重要的部分。

It has four components.

它由四個部分組成。

Number one, if you get the program, you have to have lots of books or it won't work, right?

第一，如果你得到了這個項目，你必須有很多書，否則它就不起作用，對嗎？

Number two, you have to give kids time to read.