In Syria the main Islamist rebel leader has said the country's new government will pursue officials from President Assad's regime who oversaw torture and war crimes and offer rewards for information about those involved.

在敘利亞，伊斯蘭叛軍的主要領導人表示，敘利亞新政府將追查阿薩德總統政權中監督酷刑和戰爭罪行的官員，並懸賞通緝涉案人員。

Well rebel fighters say that they found more than 40 bodies showing signs of torture at a hospital near Damascus.

叛軍戰士說，他們在大馬士革附近的一家醫院發現了 40 多具屍體，有遭受酷刑的痕跡。

So we're monitoring the scene live in the capital where we are expecting banks to reopen and also public transport services to resume today and work continues to build a transitional government.

是以，我們正在關注首都的現場情況，預計今天銀行將重新開業，公共交通服務也將恢復，建立過渡政府的工作將繼續進行。

The rebel leader Abu Mohammed al-Jilani has named an interim Prime Minister and also a small cabinet so that public services can resume.

叛軍領導人阿布-穆罕默德-吉拉尼（Abu Mohammed al-Jilani）任命了一位臨時總理和一個小型內閣，以便恢復公共服務。

Arundhat Iyengar begins our coverage.

Arundhat Iyengar 開始了我們的報道。

Scenes of joy as Syrians pour into the capital Damascus for a second day.

敘利亞人連續第二天湧入首都大馬士革，現場一片歡騰。

Women, children and families joined with rebel soldiers to celebrate freedom from the regime of former President Bashir al-Assad.

婦女、兒童和家庭與叛軍阿兵哥一起慶祝擺脫前總統巴希爾-阿薩德政權的自由。

Syrian communities around the world are celebrating.

世界各地的敘利亞社區都在慶祝。

These were the ecstatic crowds in London.

這就是倫敦欣喜若狂的人群。

Now we should be able to go back home, see our families, visit the graves of our loved ones which were murdered by Assad and his gang.

現在，我們應該能夠回家，看望家人，為被阿薩德及其團伙殺害的親人掃墓。

Back in Damascus stories of horror are not hard to find.

在大馬士革，恐怖的故事並不難找到。

This man is 45.

此人 45 歲。

He has no teeth.

他沒有牙齒。

He says Bashir al-Assad soldiers broke them because he belonged to a rebel militia.

他說，巴希爾-阿薩德的阿兵哥打斷了他們，因為他屬於反叛民兵。

They also cut off parts of his tongue and gave him mice to eat in prison.

他們還割掉了他的部分舌頭，在監獄裡給他老鼠吃。

The Zednaya prison has become a symbol of the atrocities committed by Syria's former government.

澤德納亞監獄已成為敘利亞前政府暴行的象徵。

Desperate relatives have been heading there, seeking loved ones, some of whom disappeared years ago.

絕望的親屬們紛紛前往那裡尋找親人，其中一些人已經失蹤多年。

Thousands of opposition supporters are believed to have been tortured and killed here.

據信，數千名反對派支持者在這裡遭到酷刑和殺害。

Just days ago rebels freed thousands of prisoners here.

就在幾天前，叛軍釋放了這裡的數千名囚犯。

Hayat Tafir al-Sham fighters are seen as heroes for liberating these people.

Hayat Tafir al-Sham 戰士被視為解放這些人的英雄。

But can a group that has a jihadist past deliver the democratic rule that many here want?

但是，一個有著聖戰歷史的組織能夠實現這裡許多人所希望的民主統治嗎？

This woman says they are from our country.

這個女人說他們來自我們國家。

They are not Islamic State.

他們不是伊斯蘭國。

We are not afraid of them.

我們不怕他們。

Syria's stability depends for now on the man wearing military clothing, Abu Mohammed al-Jolani, the leader of Hayat Tafir al-Sham.

敘利亞的穩定目前取決於身著戎裝的 "沙姆戰士 "領導人阿布-穆罕默德-喬拉尼。

Here he was meeting the interim prime minister to discuss the way forward.

在這裡，他與臨時總理會面，討論前進的道路。

He succeeded in uniting rebel groups and capturing the whole country in under two weeks.

他在不到兩週的時間裡成功地聯合了叛亂團體，並佔領了整個國家。

He said rewards will be given for information on Assad officials involved in war crimes.

他說，如果能提供阿薩德官員參與戰爭罪行的資訊，將給予獎勵。

Meanwhile, these Syrian refugees in Turkey are facing the dilemma of whether to return home to Syria.

與此同時，這些在土耳其的敘利亞難民正面臨著是否返回敘利亞家園的兩難選擇。

Like Germany, like France and like other countries, we have paused asylum decisions on cases from Syria while the Home Office reviews and monitors the current situation.

與德國、法國和其他國家一樣，在內政部審查和監測當前局勢期間，我們暫停了對來自敘利亞的申請做出庇護決定。

What will Syrian refugees return to and how can those living in the country deal with the demons of its past?

敘利亞難民將重返何方，生活在敘利亞的人們又該如何面對過去的惡魔？

Aruna Iyengar, BBC News.

Aruna Iyengar，BBC 新聞。

Let's pick up on some of those questions in Aruna's report there with Nicholas Hopton, former British ambassador to Iran between 2016 and 2018.

在阿魯納的報道中，英國前駐伊朗大使尼古拉斯-霍普頓（Nicholas Hopton）在2016年至2018年期間提出了一些問題。

Now, sir, you're the director general of the Middle East Association and of course you were previously ambassador also to Qatar, Yemen, Libya, so you know this region so very, very well.

現在，先生，您是中東協會的總幹事，當然您之前還擔任過駐卡達、葉門和利比亞的大使，所以您對這個地區非常非常瞭解。

When it comes to the Assad regime, we're seeing proof of how brutal it was.

說到阿薩德政權，我們看到了它有多殘暴的證據。

Is it accurate to describe the regime as something like a mafia film, like something like The Godfather?

將該政權描述為黑手黨電影，就像《教父》那樣，是否準確？

Good morning, Katia.

早上好，卡提亞

I think it's hard to overstate the brutal dictatorship that the Assad family have exerted in Syria for over half a century and clearly from your report the impact on the ordinary people of Syria has been appalling and what we're hearing about the release of political prisoners in the last few days since the taking of Damascus by the rebel opposition forces confirms all of that.

我認為，阿薩德家族半個多世紀以來在敘利亞實行的殘暴獨裁統治無論怎樣強調都不為過，從你的報告中可以清楚地看到，敘利亞普通民眾受到的影響令人震驚，而我們聽到的關於反政府武裝攻佔大馬士革後最近幾天釋放政治犯的消息也證實了這一切。

Calling them a mafia group would probably be too understated.

說他們是黑手黨組織可能太輕描淡寫了。

Understated.

輕描淡寫。

We get the impression there that you agree then that it was just such a terribly difficult time for the people of this country, but just going forward now, what happens next?

我們在那裡得到的印象是，你當時同意，對這個國家的人民來說，這只是一個非常困難的時期，但現在只是向前邁進，接下來會發生什麼？

What's your understanding?

你的理解是什麼？

Because of course Assad was a supporter of the Palestinians, he was a supporter of Hezbollah.

因為阿薩德當然是巴勒斯坦人的支持者，是真主黨的支持者。

Did he have a stabilising effect in this region, whether it was to the detriment of the Syrian people?

他是否對這一地區產生了穩定作用，是否損害了敘利亞人民的利益？

Well, the Assad rule was certainly to the detriment of the Syrian people and in a complete absence of democracy and human rights in the country.

阿薩德的統治當然損害了敘利亞人民的利益，而且該國完全沒有民主和人權。

I think there was a degree of stability brought by having a dictator who had control of a large part of the country with strong support from foreign allies such as Russia and Iran and I think what we're seeing now is a very fluid situation where the rebel forces are trying to stabilise and take control in the territory in Damascus that they've taken, but also we're seeing reports of other developments such as Israel taking territory in the south to secure their own borders.

我認為，在俄羅斯和伊朗等外國盟友的大力支持下，獨裁者控制了該國大部分地區，這在一定程度上帶來了穩定。我認為，我們現在看到的是一個非常多變的局勢，叛軍正試圖穩定並控制他們已經佔領的大馬士革領土，但我們也看到其他事態發展的報道，如以色列在南部佔領領土，以確保自己的邊界安全。

So it's a very fluid situation.

是以，情況很不穩定。

What Iran and Russia decide to do next is also of course of great importance.

伊朗和俄羅斯下一步的決定當然也非常重要。

What, from your experience previously as ambassador to Iran, what do you think Iran will want to do?

根據您之前擔任駐伊朗大使的經驗，您認為伊朗會想要做什麼？

Because there are hints of talks on a deal with Donald Trump once he takes office.

因為有跡象表明，一旦唐納德-特朗普上任，他就會與他進行交易談判。

Is that something that they will be inclined to do in order to get a grip on this situation?

為了控制局勢，他們會傾向於這樣做嗎？

Well, what's happened in Syria has been a great humiliation for the Islamic regime in Tehran.

敘利亞發生的一切是對德黑蘭伊斯蘭政權的極大羞辱。

Assad was one of their greatest allies and assets in a way because he allowed them to supply their forward proxies on the border with Israel, particularly Hezbollah in Lebanon.

在某種程度上，阿薩德是他們最大的盟友和資產之一，因為阿薩德允許他們為與以色列接壤的前沿代理人，特別是黎巴嫩真主黨提供補給。

Now that supply route has been cut with the ceasefire in Lebanon just over a week ago.

現在，隨著一週多前黎巴嫩的停火，這條補給線被切斷了。

That has left Hezbollah in a very uncertain situation, unable probably to be able to rebuild themselves anytime soon.

這使得真主黨處於非常不確定的境地，可能無法在短期內重建自己。

And that, of course, is a blow to the longstanding Iranian approach of putting pressure on their enemies through what they call forward defence.

當然，這對伊朗長期以來通過所謂的前沿防禦向敵人施壓的做法是一個打擊。

Now, at the same time, back in Tehran, the IRGC and the hardline claim that this has not been a blow.

與此同時，在德黑蘭，伊斯蘭革命衛隊和強硬派聲稱這並不是一個打擊。

They're looking as a regime, I think, to do, under the Supreme Leader's guidance, they've decided this is a time for engaging diplomatically while preparing for the worst case scenario if Donald Trump were to resume maximum pressure or even ultimate pressure, as some are calling it, on Iran and its economy once he takes power at the beginning of the Thank you very much for talking us through this fluid, as you say, situation.

我認為，在最高領袖的指導下，作為一個政權，他們已經決定現在是進行外交接觸的時候，同時為最壞的情況做好準備，如果唐納德-特朗普（Donald Trump）恢復最大壓力，甚至是一些人所說的終極壓力，一旦他在今年年初掌權，伊朗及其經濟就會受到影響。

Appreciate your expertise.

感謝您的專業知識。