I'm a literacy specialist, and in this video, I'm going to explain the differences between phonics, phonological awareness, and phonemic awareness, and explain some example activities for all three.

我是一名掃盲專家，在這段視頻中，我將解釋語音學、語音意識和音位意識之間的區別，並舉例說明這三者的一些活動。

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如果您還沒有訂閱我的頻道，請務必點擊訂閱按鈕和鈴聲，以便在我發佈有關 K2 掃盲教學的新視頻時收到通知。

So first of all, the terms, phonics, phonological awareness, phonemic awareness, very similar, right?

首先，phonics（語音學）、phonological awareness（語音意識）、phonemic awareness（音位意識）這些術語非常相似，對嗎？

If you think it's a little confusing, leave me a comment and say, confusing, exclamation point.

如果你覺得有點混亂，請給我留言，說 "混亂，感嘆號"。

So, yes, very similar, however, they do mean different things, and it is important to understand the differences.

所以，是的，非常相似，但它們確實意味著不同的東西，瞭解其中的差異非常重要。

And I think a great place to begin is by understanding the term phoneme, okay?

我認為，理解 "音素 "一詞是一個很好的開始，好嗎？

A phoneme is one sound, so it could be the phoneme mm, or ss, or ch, it's like the smallest sound unit in English or a language, okay?

一個音素就是一個音，所以它可以是音素 mm、ss 或 ch，它就像是英語或一種語言中最小的聲音組織、部門，明白嗎？

So phonemic awareness is simply awareness of phonemes, awareness of the individual sounds in words.

是以，音位意識就是對音素的意識，對單詞中各個音的意識。

And so phonemic awareness skills are things like identifying that the first sound in the word brush is sh.

是以，音位意識技能就是識別單詞 brush 中的第一個音是 sh。

As kids progress in their phonemic awareness skills, they'll eventually be able to do things like manipulate phonemes.

隨著孩子們音位認知技能的提高，他們最終就能做到像操作音素這樣的事情。

So for example, take the word cat and switch out the k for mm to make mat.

例如，將單詞 "cat "中的 "k "換成 "mm"，就變成了 "mat"。

So that's a more advanced phonemic awareness skill.

是以，這是一種更高級的音位認知技能。

Now phonemic awareness is one subskill that falls into the larger category of phonological awareness.

現在，語音意識是屬於語音意識這個大類別的一個子技能。

So phonological awareness includes all kinds of ways of working with sounds and word parts, and we're just working with sounds here.

是以，語音意識包括處理聲音和單詞部分的各種方法，而我們在這裡只是處理聲音。

We're not working with any letters, words, phonics, nope, not yet.

我們沒有學習任何字母、單詞和拼音，不，還沒有。

So phonological awareness includes phonemic awareness, which is what we just talked about.

是以，語音意識包括音位意識，也就是我們剛才談到的。

It includes things like rhyming, cat, hat, they rhyme.

它包括押韻、貓、帽子、它們押韻等內容。

It includes things like identifying individual words in sentences.

其中包括識別句子中的單個單詞。

So if you say the dog ran with me, can kids identify the dog ran with me as separate words?

那麼，如果你說 "狗和我一起跑"，孩子們能把 "狗和我一起跑 "識別為單獨的詞語嗎？

That's part of phonological awareness as well.

這也是語音意識的一部分。

Phonological awareness also includes things like syllable blending or segmenting.

語音意識還包括音節混合或分段等內容。

So elephant, can they break a word into its syllables like that?

那麼，大象，他們能把一個詞抽成這樣的音節嗎？

Or if you say zebra, can they say zebra?

或者，如果你說斑馬，他們能說斑馬嗎？

Those are examples of phonological awareness skills.

這些都是語音意識技能的例子。

Onset and rhyme too.

起音和押韻也是如此。

So can they take the word sheep and break it up into sh, the onset, and eep, the rhyme.

那麼，他們能不能把 "羊 "這個字拆成 "sh"（詞頭）和 "eep"（韻腳）呢？

So phonological awareness includes phonemic awareness and many, many other skills as well.

是以，語音意識包括音位意識和許多其他技能。

So now last but not least, we have phonics.

最後但並非最不重要的是，我們還有語音教學。

So far, all we've been talking about are things that can be done in the dark or with our eyes closed.

到目前為止，我們談論的都是可以在黑暗中或閉著眼睛完成的事情。

So we're only working with the sounds when it comes to phonemic awareness and phonological awareness.

是以，當涉及音位意識和語音意識時，我們只研究聲音。

Now, phonics is a little different.

現在，語音教學有點不同了。

Phonics is the study of how letters and letter combinations connect to sounds.

語音學是一門研究字母和字母組合如何與聲音聯繫起來的學科。

So at a very basic level, it's knowing that the letter M can represent the sound mm, or a little more advanced, knowing that the letter S can represent the sound ss or zz.

是以，最基本的是知道字母 M 可以代表 mm 這個音，或者更高級一點，知道字母 S 可以代表 ss 或 zz 這個音。

Knowing that AI can represent the sound ay, the long A as in rain.

要知道人工智能可以表示音 ay，即雨中的長 A。

Or knowing that CH can represent the sound ch.

或者知道 CH 可以代表 ch 這個音。

Those are all examples of phonics skills or phonics understandings that kids learn as they learn to read.

這些都是孩子們在學習閱讀過程中學到的語音技能或語音理解的例子。

All right.

好吧

So I hope this was helpful in understanding the differences between phonemic awareness, phonics and phonological awareness.

希望這對你理解音位意識、語音學和語音意識之間的區別有所幫助。

If you would like a complete phonics scope and sequence that actually shows you what skills to teach and when in kindergarten, first grade, and second grade, look for the link below.

如果您想要一份完整的語音教學範圍和順序，向您實際說明在幼兒園、一年級和二年級什麼時候教什麼技能，請查找下面的鏈接。

I have one for you that's absolutely free.

我為你準備了一個完全免費的。

So grab that now.

所以，現在就加快腳步。

I hope this was helpful.

希望對你有所幫助。

Again, hit the like button, subscribe, and I'll see you in the next video.

請再次點擊 "喜歡 "按鈕並訂閱，我們下期視頻再見。