Name: 長年上不了榜的美國終於蓋了一座「最美」機場！ (America Has Finally Built a Beautiful Airport)
Uploaded: 2024-12-10T21:01:20.000Z
Duration: 12 min 9 s

情態副詞

Now, around the world, there are some truly breathtaking airports.

現在，世界各地都有一些令人歎為觀止的機場。

In Singapore, there's Changi, Morocco has the distinctive Marrakesh Minara, and of course there's the spectacular Zayed International in the UAE.

新加坡有樟宜機場，摩洛哥有獨具特色的馬拉喀什米納拉機場，當然還有壯觀的阿聯酋扎耶德國際機場。

These places are stunning both inside and out, they're marks of what can be achieved through innovative design.

這些地方從裡到外都令人驚歎，它們是創新設計所取得成就的標誌。

But you'll notice that none of them are in America.

但你會發現，它們都不在美國。

In fact, no US airport ranks inside the worldwide top 20.

事實上，沒有一個美國機場位居全球前 20 位。

Which might come as a surprise given this place invented the aeroplane and is home to the world's oldest operating aviation hub.

鑑於這裡是飛機的發明地，也是世界上歷史最悠久的航空樞紐所在地，這可能會讓人大吃一驚。

While America has some unique airports, it's fair to say that this type of infrastructure hasn't been its strong suit.

雖然美國擁有一些獨特的機場，但可以說這類基礎設施並不是美國的強項。

In the Pacific Northwest, a new terminal has just opened and it's not just one of the most beautiful airports in America, it's up there with the most beautiful in the world.

在西北太平洋地區，一個新的航站樓剛剛啟用，它不僅是美國最美的機場之一，也是世界上最美的機場之一。

Sitting on the west coast of the US, Oregon is a haven of natural beauty.

俄勒岡州位於美國西海岸，是自然美景的天堂。

Blessed with both the Pacific Ocean and the Cascade Mountain Range, Beaver State residents really are spoiled for choice.

得天獨厚的太平洋和卡斯卡特山脈讓海狸州的居民有了更多的選擇。

Zoom in on the map and you'll see Portland, the state's biggest city.

放大地圖，您將看到該州最大的城市波特蘭。

With an unofficial slogan of Keep Portland Weird, you can imagine it's a fun place to spend a weekend.

波特蘭的非官方口號是 "保持波特蘭的怪異"（Keep Portland Weird），可想而知，這裡是一個度過週末的好去處。

But first, you'll need to get there, which means passing through Portland International.

但首先，您需要通過波特蘭國際機場到達那裡。

Steadfast and reliable, it was always one of America's better airports.

它堅固可靠，一直是美國較好的機場之一。

But for years, it's been in desperate need of an upgrade.

The original terminal was constructed nearly 70 years ago in 1956.

最初的航站樓建於近 70 年前的 1956 年。

Over time, development has seen it spread across 11 separate buildings.

隨著時間的推移，發展到現在，它已經分佈在 11 座獨立的建築中。

The problem is that they were all designed and stitched together under varying structural and seismic codes.

問題是，它們都是根據不同的結構和抗震規範設計和拼接在一起的。

And that made it near impossible to expand and evolve pretty important features like security checkpoints.

這使得像安檢站這樣的重要功能幾乎無法擴展和發展。

Structural impediments like shear walls and brace frames had to be removed to allow flexibility in case of a need for future adaptations.

必須拆除剪力牆和支撐框架等結構性障礙，以便在將來需要改建時能夠靈活處理。

Portland Airports, or PDX, was in need of a dramatic refresh.

波特蘭機場（Portland Airports，簡稱 PDX）需要進行一次大刀闊斧的革新。

And so, more than $2BN was spent to modernise the site.

是以，我們花費了超過 20 億美元對網站進行現代化改造。

Now, I know that might sound like a lot of money, but by the end of this video, don't be surprised if you're checking flight prices to Portland because this is no minor renovation.

現在，我知道這聽起來像是一大筆錢，但在這段視頻結束時，如果你正在查詢飛往波特蘭的機票價格，請不要感到驚訝，因為這可不是什麼小翻修。

The new terminal, which opened earlier this year, is the biggest public works project in Oregon's history.

今年早些時候啟用的新航站樓是俄勒岡州歷史上最大的公共工程項目。

Not only that, but it's also the largest mass timber project of its kind anywhere in the world.

不僅如此，它還是世界上同類項目中最大的大規模木材項目。

You absolutely can't underestimate the scale of what's been undertaken here.

你絕對不能低估這裡的工作規模。

But with that said, ZGF Architects and the Port of Portland were keen to make sure PDX still felt accessible and like part of the city.

儘管如此，ZGF 建築事務所和波特蘭港仍希望確保 PDX 仍能讓人感覺到它是這座城市的一部分。

That meant bringing the outdoors indoors to reflect the natural beauty of the state.

這意味著要將室外景觀引入室內，以反映該州的自然美景。

And working with contractors Skanska and Hoffman, that's exactly what they've done.

與承包商斯堪斯卡公司和霍夫曼公司合作，他們正是這樣做的。

Pacific Northwest is known as a timber background, a timber land.

西北太平洋地區被稱為木材背景、木材之鄉。

So we took inspiration from the forest of our region, inspiration as a walk in the park, and then made sure that they knew that sense of place that this was the Pacific Northwest and not any place else in the country.

是以，我們從本地區的森林中汲取靈感，就像在公園裡散步一樣，然後確保他們知道這裡是西北太平洋地區，而不是美國的任何其他地方。

It took six years to establish a supply chain to source all the wood for the roof.

我們花了六年時間建立供應鏈，採購屋頂所需的所有木材。

And impressively, it was all spruced from within a 300-mile radius of the airport.

令人印象深刻的是，這一切都是在機場方圓 300 英里的範圍內完成的。

With mounting budget pressure, a lot of projects focus on importing the cheapest materials from all over the world, but that's not been the case here.

由於預算壓力越來越大，很多項目都把重點放在從世界各地進口最便宜的材料上，但這裡的情況並非如此。

The focus was on building sustainably using local craft and timber.

重點是利用當地的手工藝和木材進行可持續建設。

Now, budget pressures aren't unique to airport construction.

現在，預算壓力並非機場建設所獨有。

Any business owner will tell you that being on top of your finances is key to a successful project.

任何企業主都會告訴你，掌握財務狀況是項目成功的關鍵。

But if the thought of working with numbers makes you crazy, then you might want to check out today's video sponsor Brilliant.

但是，如果一想到與數字打交道就會讓你抓狂，那麼你可能想看看今天的視頻贊助商 Brilliant。

It's never been easier to grapple with complicated mathematical concepts, with hands-on lessons to help you build complex formulas or figure out spatial problem solving.

掌握複雜的數學概念從來沒有像現在這樣容易，通過動手實踐課程，幫助你建立複雜的公式或解決空間問題。

And while Brilliant can definitely help your numerical skills take flight, it's not all about mathematics.

雖然 Brilliant 絕對能幫助你的計算技能飛速發展，但它並不全是數學。

With thousands of interactive lessons available, Brilliant covers everything from programming and creative coding to data analysis and more.

Brilliant 提供數千節互動課程，內容涵蓋編程、創意編碼、數據分析等各個方面。

You can learn whenever and wherever suits you right from your phone, which means you could even be productive during that dreaded wait in airport security.

您可以隨時隨地通過手機進行學習，這意味著您甚至可以在機場安檢等待期間提高工作效率。

Level up with Brilliant in minutes and learn something new.

在幾分鐘內提升 Brilliant 的等級，學習新知識。

To try everything Brilliant has to offer for free for a full 30 days, visit brilliant.org forward slash the b1m, scan the QR code on screen or click the link in the description.

要在 30 天內免費試用 Brilliant 提供的所有服務，請訪問 brilliant.org 轉發 b1m，掃描螢幕上的二維碼或點擊說明中的鏈接。

You'll also get 20% off an annual Premium subscription.

您還可以享受年度高級訂閱 8 折優惠。

Now, let's go back to that beautiful airport.

現在，讓我們回到那個美麗的機場。

Walking through the new terminal once all the work is complete, you'd be excused for thinking you're strolling through the city's famous Forest Park rather than rushing to catch a flight.

所有工程完工後，漫步新航站樓，你會覺得自己是在漫步這座城市著名的森林公園，而不是在趕飛機。

You'll see more than 5,000 plants, including fully mature black walnut, ficus and olive trees.

您將看到 5000 多株植物，包括完全成熟的黑核桃樹、榕樹和橄欖樹。

They've got access to the natural sunshine that pours in through the 49 strategically placed skylights.

他們可以享受到從 49 個精心佈置的天窗傾瀉進來的自然陽光。

The ceiling is a lattice design spanning nine acres and 600,000 board feet of Douglas fir timber taken from 11 forests.

天花板採用格子設計，佔地 9 英畝，從 11 個森林中採伐了 60 萬板英尺的花旗松木材。

Coupled with the wooden ceiling, a biophilic approach has been used throughout the terminal for two key reasons.

在木質天花板的配合下，整個航站樓都採用了親生物方法，這主要有兩個原因。

The first is to sequester carbon emissions and make this project as sustainable as possible.

首先是封存碳排放，儘可能實現項目的可持續發展。

But also, a natural space is thought to lower blood pressure, making your travel experience more relaxing.

此外，自然的空間被認為可以降低血壓，讓您的旅行體驗更加放鬆。

You might not think of an airport as a calming space, but that really is what Portland is going for.

你可能不會認為機場是一個平靜的空間，但這確實是波特蘭的目標。

It all sounds great and definitely looks the part, but here's where things start to get really interesting.

這一切聽起來都很不錯，看起來也很有特色，但真正有趣的地方就在這裡。

For the entire three years that this renovation was taking place on the building footprint, the airport remained open.

在整整三年的翻修期間，機場一直保持開放。

These major renovations had to navigate a live operating 500 flights every day.

這些大型翻新工程必須在每天運行 500 架次班機的現場航行。

Now the thought of that might give you a headache, and it probably should because the logistics of running and overhauling an operational airport are incredibly intense.

一想到這些，你可能就會感到頭疼，也許是應該頭疼，因為運行和檢修一個營運中的機場的後勤工作是非常緊張的。

As I mentioned, the building skeleton is split into various sections with the main terminal in the middle and concourses in the flanks.

如前所述，建築骨架分為多個部分，中間是主航站樓，兩側是候機廳。

Key operations like ticketing and security were moved to the front and sides of the building.

售票和安保等關鍵業務被移至大樓的正面和側面。

That allowed for demolishing the remainder of the structure behind while keeping the baggage system operational.

這樣就可以拆除後面剩餘的結構，同時保持行李系統的運行。

Around planes arriving and departing, a section of the airfield became a worksite for pre-constructing that incredible roof.

圍繞著飛機的起降，機場的一部分成為了預先建造這個令人難以置信的屋頂的工地。

It was crafted into three massive sections made up of 18 different pieces, with each weighing anywhere from 270,000 to 635,000 kilos.

它被製作成三個巨大的部分，由 18 個不同的部件組成，每個部件重達 27 萬至 63.5 萬公斤。

The biggest section stretched more than 40 by 60 metres.

最大的一段長達 40 多米，寬 60 多米。

The roof was built with big steel box girders, so 20 foot by six foot tall box girders, on about a hundred foot grid.

屋頂是用大鋼箱梁搭建的，20 英尺乘 6 英尺高的箱梁，大約有 100 英尺的網格。

And then in between those girders was built up with curved glulam beams and the mass timber panels on top of it and a roofing on top of that.

然後在這些大梁之間用弧形膠合梁和大塊木板搭建起來，再在上面蓋上屋頂。

And under it was latticed a series of, I think it was three by six lattice to give the beauty of the roof.

屋簷下有一系列花格，我想是三乘六的花格，使屋頂更加美觀。

To get the roof into position, the sections were separated and drawers slid out from between the girder sections to lift the roof up to 17 metres.

為了使屋頂就位，我們將各部分分開，並從大梁部分之間滑出抽屜，將屋頂提升至 17 米高。

They then had to be moved for about a mile from the construction site at the end of the runway at about one mile per hour.

然後，它們不得不以每小時一英里的速度從跑道盡頭的施工現場被移動了大約一英里。

Each section of roof took around three nights to move, one to drive it to the starting position, the second night to move it halfway and the final night to get it into position.

每段屋頂的移動大約需要三個晚上，一個晚上把它開到起始位置，第二個晚上把它移到一半，最後一個晚上把它移到合適的位置。

Once slotted into place, security was able to move into the new building.

一旦安裝到位，安保人員就可以搬入新樓。

Now, it's not every day that you see an airport roof, especially of this size, wheeled across an operating taxiway.

現在，你不是每天都能看到機場頂棚，尤其是這麼大的頂棚，被推著駛過運行中的滑行道。

And don't forget that there's one key factor when you're working with wood, it really doesn't like getting wet.

別忘了，在使用木材時有一個關鍵因素，那就是木材真的不喜歡潮溼。

Going through all of this effort for the roof to then expand and not fit into place would have been extremely frustrating, but luckily there was a novel solution.

費了這麼大的勁，屋頂卻擴大了，無法安裝到位，這讓人非常沮喪，幸好有一個新穎的解決方案。

While we were prefabricating the roof, as soon as wood showed up, we had put a temporary roof on it.

我們在預製屋頂時，只要木頭一出現，我們就給它蓋上臨時屋頂。

We put a membrane on it to protect it from the elements and that was the primary strategy in keeping it beautiful before we actually moved it into final position.

我們為它鋪上了一層薄膜，以保護它免受風雨侵蝕，這是在我們將它移到最終位置之前保持其美觀的主要策略。

So a roof for the roof, but this wasn't the only problem the team had to face.

是以，屋頂的屋頂，但這並不是團隊要面對的唯一問題。

The area underneath construction wasn't empty, it was being used for Portland's baggage system, meaning it was an occupied space.

正在施工的區域並不是空的，而是用於波特蘭的行李系統，也就是說，這是一個被佔用的空間。

And so all the fitting work had to happen during terminal downtimes between midnight and 3.30am.

是以，所有的安裝工作都必須在午夜至凌晨 3 時 30 分的航站樓停機期間進行。

Because we were taking these massive roof sections over an occupied space, during the non-downtimes we had to tie it back in seismically so if there was an earthquake, the roof didn't fall on the people down below it.

由於我們要把這些巨大的屋頂部分覆蓋在有人居住的空間上，是以在不倒塌的時候，我們必須從抗震角度對其進行加固，這樣一旦發生地震，屋頂就不會掉下來砸到下面的人。

Yeah, we forgot to mention another small problem.

對了，我們忘了提另一個小問題。

Portland is Oregon's most seismically active region, with scientists it will be.

波特蘭是俄勒岡州地震最活躍的地區，在科學家的努力下，該地區的地震活動將更加頻繁。

In the event of an earthquake, the whole roof is designed to move as one.

在發生地震時，整個屋頂會整體移動。

What it's supported on is Y columns, so the columns come up and on the top of each Y is a base isolator, it's a friction pendulum isolator, and so that has been engineered to take the mass at each location, and so at the edges you might have a different size friction pendulum, in the middle you have another size, and those move and it's calculated that the amount of friction force that is taken at each location allows it to move exactly how much it needs to move, and the friction part is what holds it into place.

支撐它的是 Y 型立柱，所以立柱是向上的，每個 Y 型立柱的頂端都有一個底座隔離器，它是一個摩擦擺隔離器，所以它的設計可以承受每個位置的品質，所以在邊緣你可能會有一個不同尺寸的摩擦擺，在中間你會有另一個尺寸的摩擦擺，這些都是可以移動的，經過計算，在每個位置承受的摩擦力可以讓它準確地移動到需要移動的位置，而摩擦部分就是將它固定到位的東西。

That allows for 56 centimetres of movement on the friction pendulums.

這樣，摩擦擺就可以移動 56 釐米。

That means that where the roof touches adjacent surfaces like solid walls and glass, they have to pivot in all directions, and that took some pretty special detailing, mock-ups and testing.

這意味著，在屋頂與實體牆和玻璃等相鄰表面接觸的地方，它們必須向各個方向轉動，這就需要一些非常特殊的細節設計、模擬和測試。

Astonishingly, it's all come together and it really does tick off the big three.

令人吃驚的是，這一切都匯聚在一起，而且確實勾勒出了三巨頭的輪廓。

令人驚歎、可持續、堅硬無比。

This project has been far from straightforward to engineer, but it'll mean Portland International can go about doubling capacity over the coming years.

這個項目的工程設計遠非一蹴而就，但它意味著波特蘭國際機場可以在未來幾年內將運力提高一倍。

By 2045, it's hoped that 35 million people will travel through here.

到 2045 年，預計將有 3500 萬人從這裡經過。

And when they do, they'll be met with a sense of whimsy that really sums up the city and this project.

當他們這樣做的時候，他們會感受到一種奇思妙想，而這種奇思妙想正是這座城市和這個項目的真實寫照。

If you've been here before, you'll be familiar with the famous PDX carpet.

如果您以前來過這裡，您一定對著名的 PDX 地毯不陌生。

Some would say it's the most iconic in the world.

有人說它是世界上最具標誌性的建築。

Stiff competition for those found in the UK's Wetherspoons pubs.

與英國 Wetherspoons（威瑟斯彭斯）酒館中的產品展開激烈競爭。

But if you're worried about missing it, don't be, because it survived the renovations.

不過，如果你擔心錯過它，大可不必，因為它在翻新工程中倖存了下來。

You'll find recreated sections of the carpet hidden around the airport in relaxing areas ready for snapping shoe selfies, if that's even a thing.

您會發現在機場各處的休閒區都隱藏著地毯的重現部分，隨時可以拍下鞋子的自拍照，如果這也算是一種樂趣的話。

All jokes aside, getting to this point has been a monumental effort.

玩笑歸玩笑，能走到今天這一步，我們付出了巨大的努力。

字幕列表影片播放

長年上不了榜的美國終於蓋了一座「最美」機場！ (America Has Finally Built a Beautiful Airport)

massive

effort

permanent

sustainable