Name: 加密貨幣的實際運作方式。 (How Cryptocurrency ACTUALLY works.)
Uploaded: 2024-12-06T11:19:34.000Z
Duration: 13 min 54 s

Alright, Bitcoin, Blockchain, Dogecoin, Ethereum, NFTs, everyone is talking about cryptocurrencies right now.

好吧，比特幣、區塊鏈、Dogecoin、以太坊、NFT，現在每個人都在談論加密貨幣。

但是，老天爺，這一切意味著什麼呢？

程度副詞

So welcome to the one video that will take you from crypto noob to crypto genius.

歡迎觀看這段視頻，它將帶你從加密新手變為加密天才。

I'm going to tell you what it is, why it keeps becoming more important, what I've actually invested in myself, and the dark side of it.

我要告訴你它是什麼，為什麼它變得越來越重要，我在自己身上究竟投入了什麼，以及它的陰暗面。

Okay, so when society was in its early stages, there was no such thing as money.

好吧，在社會的早期階段，是沒有錢這個東西的。

The only way to buy something off someone was to go up to them and be like, Oh, I really like your horse.

從別人那裡買東西的唯一方法就是走到他們面前，說："哦，我真的很喜歡你的馬。

對不起，米洛，我不會拿你做交易的。

But the issue with a system like that is that even though you might be perfectly happy to give up your horse, you just might not want a cat.

但這樣一個系統的問題在於，即使你很樂意放棄你的馬，但你可能並不想要一隻貓。

是以，這筆交易永遠不會發生。

Stage two, coins, which because they were made of precious materials like gold and silver, everyone just accepted that they were worth something.

第二階段是硬幣，因為硬幣是用金銀等貴重材料製成的，所以大家都認為它們很值錢。

You've heard of the British pound, right?

Well, the reason they're called pounds is because one pound literally just used to be one pound of silver.

之所以叫 "英鎊"，是因為以前一英鎊就是一磅銀子。

And so all of a sudden in a trade, it doesn't matter if you don't want my cat.

突然之間，在交易中，你不想要我的貓也沒關係了。

As long as I have coins, we can still trade for your horse.

只要我有金幣，我們就能換你的馬。

Even if you have no use at all for the silver, because it's a precious material, you have that reassurance that you can take that coin, give it to someone else, and trade for something that you do want.

即使你根本用不上銀幣，但由於它是一種貴重材料，你可以放心地把它交給別人，換取你想要的東西。

As banks became established and governments had control, we realized that as long as there was trust in the system, we could move away from needing to carry blocks of precious metal towards something even more convenient.

隨著銀行的建立和政府的控制，我們意識到，只要對系統有信任，我們就可以擺脫攜帶貴金屬塊的需要，轉而使用更方便的東西。

It does the same thing, but now the money doesn't have value because it's made of pure silver.

它做了同樣的事情，但現在的錢沒有價值，因為它是由純銀製成的。

It just has value because the government says it has value.

它有價值只是因為政府說它有價值。

Like this £10 note here in the UK, the note itself is just made of, well, it's actually made of plastic.

就像英國的這張 10 英鎊紙幣，紙幣本身是由塑膠製成的。

They changed it recently because it's more durable.

他們最近換了一種，因為它更耐用。

But if you look closer, you can see that all this actually is, is the Bank of England promising that they will pay the bearer of this note £10.

但如果你仔細觀察，就會發現這實際上只是英格蘭銀行承諾向持票人支付 10 英鎊。

Really, this is just a receipt, a kind of proof that you own a certain amount of money.

實際上，這只是一張收據，一種證明你擁有一定金額的憑證。

But as technologies improved even further, we found even more convenient ways of storing and trading our stuff.

但隨著技術的進一步發展，我們發現了更方便的儲存和交易方式。

We're now in what I would call stage four, where more people than ever are buying things online and using credit cards.

我們現在正處於我所說的第四階段，在這一階段，比以往任何時候都有更多的人在網上購物並使用信用卡。

And really, when you're at that stage, we don't see our money anymore.

真的，當你到了那個階段，我們就再也看不到我們的錢了。

Like when I buy a music album from Amazon, all that's happening is that my bank adds an entry in my spreadsheet that says Aaron now has $10 less, and then Amazon's bank adds an entry that says they have $10 more.

就像我從亞馬遜購買音樂專輯一樣，我的銀行在我的電子表格中添加了一條記錄，說亞倫現在少了 10 美元，然後亞馬遜的銀行又添加了一條記錄，說他們多了 10 美元。

So the reason I've given you this entire intro is to give you context on where cryptocurrency sits.

是以，我之所以給大家介紹這麼多，是為了讓大家瞭解加密貨幣的來龍去脈。

It's seen by many people as the most convenient era of exchange ever.

它被許多人視為有史以來最便捷的交換時代。

The way to think about a cryptocurrency is that it's 100% virtual.

對加密貨幣的理解是，它是 100% 的虛擬貨幣。

I know the logo for Bitcoin kind of looks like a physical coin.

我知道比特幣的標誌看起來有點像實物硬幣。

But with crypto, there is no gold, there is no silver, there is no paper.

但加密貨幣沒有黃金、白銀，也沒有紙張。

It really is just the transfer of digital assets.

Think of them as literally just running spreadsheets of who's paid what to who.

把它們看作是誰向誰支付了多少錢的電子表格。

But instead of multiple banks keeping their own separate records, with crypto, there is just one enormous spreadsheet of every transaction made using that currency.

但是，使用加密貨幣時，只需一張巨大的電子表格，就能記錄使用該貨幣進行的每一筆交易，而不是多家銀行各自保存不同的記錄。

Okay, we all love a good spreadsheet, but what's all the fuss about?

好吧，我們都喜歡電子表格，但這有什麼好大驚小怪的？

為什麼每個人都在為加密貨幣瘋狂？

Well, there are some distinct advantages to a currency system like this.

這樣的貨幣系統有一些明顯的優勢。

One, it's decentralized, which means that while every transaction of a given cryptocurrency is all recorded on the same ledger, there are many, many copies of that ledger.

其一，它是去中心化的，這意味著雖然特定加密貨幣的每筆交易都記錄在同一個分類賬上，但該分類賬有很多很多個副本。

And anyone who is a part of the network has one.

只要是網絡的一部分，都有一個。

You might have heard of cryptocurrency mining or Bitcoin mining.

您可能聽說過加密貨幣挖礦或比特幣挖礦。

Well, all that is, is someone who set up a computer to crunch through transactions on their copy of this ledger or spreadsheet.

其實，這只是某個人設置了一臺電腦，在自己的賬本或電子表格副本上計算交易。

There are already about a million Bitcoin miners around the world, and Bitcoin is just one type of cryptocurrency.

全世界已經有大約 100 萬比特幣礦工，而比特幣只是加密貨幣的一種。

Well, if you dedicate your computer's power to mining, say Bitcoin, then you will earn some Bitcoin as compensation.

好吧，如果你把電腦的能量用於挖礦，比如比特幣，那麼你就可以賺取一些比特幣作為補償。

So the result of this is that if I go into a store and spend five Bitcoins on something, then instead of just checking with one bank's records, the shop instead checks with every single computer on this network if I have enough.

這樣做的結果是，如果我去一家商店花 5 個比特幣買東西，商店就不會只查一家銀行的記錄，而是會查這個網絡上的每一臺電腦，看我是否有足夠的比特幣。

And assuming I do, each computer will give the go-ahead, and then every single one will update their records independently.

如果我這樣做了，每臺電腦都會同意，然後每臺電腦都會獨立更新它們的記錄。

So because you end up having this many copies of exactly the same ledger, it becomes very easy to tell if anyone's trying anything fishy.

是以，因為你最終會擁有這麼多份完全相同的賬本，所以很容易分辨出是否有人在搞鬼。

Like, if I try to hack into someone's computer that's on the network and give myself more money by adjusting figures on their copy of the ledger, it's not going to get through.

比如，如果我想黑進網絡上某人的電腦，通過調整他們賬本上的數字來給自己更多的錢，這是不可能通過的。

The system will realize that 99.9% of the copies on the ledger are saying one thing, but one of them is saying something else.

系統會發現，賬本上 99.9% 的副本都在說一件事，但其中一份卻在說另一件事。

所以，它一定是被人動過手腳。

There is very clear organization to the system, and I think people believe in it because they see the future as open, traceable transactions.

該系統有非常清晰的組織結構，我認為人們之所以相信它，是因為他們看到了開放、可追蹤交易的未來。

Much more so than having like some bits of the record over here and other bits over there.

這比把唱片的一部分放在這裡，另一部分放在那裡要好得多。

And I know it seems complex at this point, but as we go through this, I think you'll realize that for a lot of people, in a way, it's simpler.

我知道現在看起來很複雜，但隨著我們的討論，我想你會意識到，對很多人來說，在某種程度上，這更簡單。

There are plenty of areas in the world that have internet access, which is all you'd need for crypto, but don't have access to traditional banks, which require a lot of paperwork and documentation.

世界上有很多地區可以上網，這正是加密貨幣所需要的，但卻無法使用傳統銀行，因為傳統銀行需要大量的文書工作和文件。

Two, and I've kind of implied this already, but the main perk of crypto is that you don't need banks anymore.

其二，我已經暗示過這一點，但加密貨幣的主要優勢在於你不再需要銀行。

Because everything is stored by the people on this ledger, you can make international payments almost instantly instead of it taking half a day with no spending limits.

由於所有資訊都由人們存儲在這個賬本上，是以您幾乎可以立即進行國際支付，而無需花費半天時間，而且沒有消費限制。

Plus, you don't need to worry about exchange rates, you don't need to worry about interest rates, and even transaction fees are close to zero.

此外，您無需擔心匯率，無需擔心利率，甚至交易費用也接近於零。

對於某些加密貨幣來說就是如此。

但真正的樂趣也就從這裡開始了。

The reason that cryptocurrencies are called cryptocurrencies is because they're secured by cryptography.

加密貨幣之所以被稱為加密貨幣，是因為它們是通過加密技術來保證安全的。

And one example of this, which a lot of the major cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin use, is blockchain.

其中一個例子就是區塊鏈，比特幣等許多主要加密貨幣都在使用區塊鏈。

現在，人們常常對此感到困惑。

Blockchain is just a secure type of ledger.

區塊鏈只是一種安全的分類賬。

So you know that big spreadsheet that everyone has that's recording transactions?

你知道每個人都有的記錄交易的大電子表格嗎？

Blockchain is just a way of organizing it, funnily enough, into blocks.

有趣的是，區塊鏈只是一種將其組織成區塊的方式。

So every time I pay for something with Bitcoin, that transaction is recorded as a block.

是以，每次我用比特幣支付，這筆交易都會被記錄為一個區塊。

Each block contains transaction data, like who was paid and how much, a hash, which is a unique identifier, and the hash of the previous block in the sequence, or the last transaction that was recorded.

每個區塊都包含交易數據（如付款人和付款金額）、哈希值（唯一標識符）以及序列中上一個區塊的哈希值，即記錄的最後一筆交易。

And the pivot on which this system rests is that if something in a block is changed, then that block's hash will change.

這個系統的基礎是，如果某個區塊中的某些內容發生了變化，那麼該區塊的哈希值也會隨之變化。

You might be starting to see where this is going.

你可能已經開始明白事情的來龍去脈了。

Because each block also contains the data of the previous block, if the hash of the block here changes, then the next block will no longer have a matching hash with it, and so every subsequent block after that one becomes invalid.

由於每個區塊都包含前一個區塊的數據，如果此處區塊的哈希值發生變化，那麼下一個區塊將不再有與之匹配的哈希值，是以之後的每個區塊都會失效。

So if you combine this with what we talked about earlier, this whole idea of a million different users all having their own copy of the blockchain ledger, then if I wanted to fraudulently create a transaction that, say, paid me money, I'd have to not just tamper with a block and every single block after it, but I'd also have to do this on at least half a million computers around the world so that the majority of computers in the system are also consistent with the one I've tampered with.

是以，如果把這一點與我們之前談到的，一百萬個不同用戶都擁有自己的區塊鏈賬本副本的想法結合起來，那麼如果我想欺詐性地創建一筆交易，比如說，給我錢，我就不僅要篡改一個區塊和它後面的每一個區塊，而且還要在全世界至少五十萬臺計算機上這樣做，這樣系統中的大多數計算機也就與我篡改過的計算機一致了。

Whereas just hacking into someone's dollar account and sending myself money, that does happen.

而黑進別人的美元賬戶給自己匯款，這種事確實會發生。

And it's sometimes as simple as just literally guessing someone's six-digit PIN.

有時就像猜測某人的六位數密碼一樣簡單。

But there's a massive jump between that and trying to hack into 500,000 uncorrelated computers at once.

但是，要同時入侵 500,000 臺不相關的計算機，這兩者之間存在巨大的差距。

Okay, so cryptocurrencies have their issues.

好吧，加密貨幣也有自己的問題。

I'm literally going to get to them in a minute, but hopefully you can see why some people are excited about them.

我馬上就會說到它們，但希望你能明白為什麼有些人會對它們感到興奮。

You've probably heard of people putting money into cryptocurrencies, and all that means is that they're exchanging normal currencies, like dollars, for cryptos, like Bitcoin.

你可能聽說過有人把錢投入加密貨幣，這意味著他們把美元等普通貨幣換成了比特幣等加密貨幣。

They're hoping that those cryptocurrencies become the next big thing and therefore suddenly shoot up in value, at which point they can then either spend them or just exchange them back for more dollars than they bought them for.

他們希望這些加密貨幣能成為下一個風口，從而突然升值，到那時，他們要麼可以花掉這些加密貨幣，要麼就可以換回比他們買入時更多的美元。

There's actually a term for cryptocurrencies that skyrocket like this, going to the moon.

實際上，有一個術語來形容像這樣暴漲的加密貨幣，那就是 "登月"。

But that can mean something very different depending on who you talk to.

但這可能意味著非常不同的東西，這取決於你和誰交談。

字幕列表影片播放

加密貨幣的實際運作方式。 (How Cryptocurrency ACTUALLY works.)

literally

access

basically

concept