I showed all the pieces coming together, but I didn't show how it was done.

我展示了所有部件的組合，但沒有展示是如何完成的。

These modules didn't just float together on their own, it was a lot of work.

這些模塊並不是憑空拼湊起來的，而是要花費很多功夫。

It involved mission controllers back on Earth, astronauts on board the station, and some fancy robotics.

它涉及地球上的任務控制人員、空間站上的太空人以及一些先進的機器人技術。

In this video, we're going to dive deep into the details to see how it worked.

在本視頻中，我們將深入探討細節，看看它是如何工作的。

The International Space Station took over a decade to complete.

國際空間站歷時十多年才建成。

Most of the pieces that you see here were launched by the Space Shuttle.

你在這裡看到的大部分作品都是由航天飛機發射的。

In fact, this was one of the main purposes of the Space Shuttle.

事實上，這是航天飛機的主要目的之一。

It was to build the Space Station.

這是為了建造空間站。

We can't go over every single mission.

我們不可能對每個任務都一一過問。

That would take too long for this video.

這對這段視頻來說太長了。

What I'd like to do is talk about the initial stages of the station's construction, back when the ISS was really small.

我想談的是空間站建造的最初階段，那時國際空間站還很小。

We'll go over just a few of the Space Shuttle missions, and how these pieces were put together.

我們將簡要介紹幾次航天飛機任務，以及這些部件是如何組裝在一起的。

We've got to remember, the station isn't just aimlessly floating in space.

我們必須記住，空間站並不是漫無目的地漂浮在太空中。

It's going incredibly fast, about 20 times the speed of sound here on Earth.

它的速度快得令人難以置信，大約是地球上音速的 20 倍。

It orbits the Earth once every 90 minutes.

它每 90 分鐘繞地球一圈。

Here's the front of the station.

這是車站的正面。

It always travels in this direction.

它總是朝著這個方向前進。

So this is forward and aft, port and starboard, and then there's zenith, pointing away from the Earth, and nadir, pointing towards the Earth.

是以，這是前後、左右舷，然後是天頂（指向遠離地球的方向）和天底（指向地球的方向）。

These terms are part of the regular vocabulary of an astronaut.

這些術語是太空人常規詞彙的一部分。

We'll be using them a little bit throughout this video.

我們將在整個視頻中使用它們。

This is what the completed station looks like.

這就是建成後的車站的樣子。

The only part that the astronauts can live in are the pressurized modules.

太空人唯一可以居住的部分是加壓艙。

When I say module, I'm referring to one of these cylindrical pieces of the Space Station.

我說的艙，指的是空間站的其中一個圓柱形部件。

It has air to breathe, comfortable living conditions, and protects the astronauts from the vacuum of space.

它有空氣可以呼吸，有舒適的生活條件，還能保護太空人不受太空真空的影響。

Each module has one or more berthing ports that can be connected to other parts of the station.

每個模塊都有一個或多個停泊端口，可以連接到空間站的其他部分。

Sometimes, these are referred to as docking ports.

有時，這些也被稱為對接口。

But if we're being specific, it is a berthing port, because the joining module or spacecraft must be assisted by use of a robotic arm.

但如果具體來說，它是一個停泊港，因為連接艙或航天器必須使用機械臂輔助。

There are two main sections to the station.

車站主要分為兩個部分。

The Russian orbital segment, these are modules from Russia, and the United States orbital segment.

俄羅斯軌道部分，這些模塊來自俄羅斯，還有美國軌道部分。

These are modules from the United States, Europe, and Japan.

這些模塊來自美國、歐洲和日本。

You can see how the modules on each side look just a little bit different.

你可以看到每一邊的模塊看起來都有些不同。

On the U.S. side, the modules are connected by the Common Berthing Mechanism, or CBM for short.

在美國一側，這些模塊通過 "共同停泊機制"（簡稱 CBM）連接。

There are two different sides to this, the active side and the passive side.

這有兩個不同的方面，即主動和被動。

Once these are brought together, latches pull them in close, and then there are 16 bolts to firmly mate them together.

這些部件合在一起後，鎖釦會將它們拉近，然後用 16 個螺栓將它們牢固地連接在一起。

The space in between is called the vestibule.

中間的空間稱為前庭。

This will be pressurized with air.

這將用空氣加壓。

This process takes a few hours.

這個過程需要幾個小時。

Then the hatch is opened, some of the hardware is removed, and connections are made in between the modules, which includes oxygen, power, data, and water.

然後，艙門被打開，部分硬件被移除，模塊之間的連接也隨之完成，其中包括氧氣、電力、數據和水。

Once finalized, there is a white protective barrier put in place.

一旦最終確定，就會有一個白色的保護屏障。

The astronauts can now move freely in between the modules.

太空人現在可以在艙體之間自由移動。

The Common Berthing Mechanism is used for modules that are permanently attached together, like the Harmony and Destiny modules.

通用停泊裝置用於永久連接在一起的模塊，如和諧號和命運號模塊。

They can also be used for visiting spacecraft, such as the SpaceX Cargo Dragon.

它們還可用於訪問航天器，如 SpaceX 的 "貨運龍"。

The Russian side of the station uses a different docking mechanism that is not compatible with CBM.

俄羅斯一側的空間站使用不同的對接機制，與 CBM 不兼容。

We need some way to connect the different mechanisms.

我們需要某種方法來連接不同的機制。

This is kind of like taking a power plug from the United States and bringing it over to It's not compatible with the wall plug.

這就好比把美國的電源插頭帶到中國來，它與牆上的插頭不兼容。

What do we need?

我們需要什麼？

An adapter.

適配器

It's the same concept on the space station, but on a larger scale.

這與空間站的概念相同，但規模更大。

Two different mechanisms, so we need an adapter in between.

這是兩種不同的機制，是以我們需要在兩者之間添加一個適配器。

This is called the Pressurized Mating Adapter, or PMA for short.

這就是所謂的加壓配接適配器，簡稱 PMA。

The larger side uses CBM, which can be attached to the U.S. side of the station.

較大的一側使用煤層氣，可連接到站臺的美國一側。

The smaller side uses APAS.

較小的一側使用 APAS。

This is compatible with the Russian side of the station and with the Space Shuttle.

這與俄羅斯方面的空間站和航天飛機是兼容的。

On the station today, there are three of these adapters.

今天的站上有三個這樣的適配器。

PMA-1 is permanently in place, connecting the two sides of the station.

PMA-1 已永久就位，連接車站兩側。

PMA-2 and PMA-3 were used as docking ports for the Space Shuttle.

PMA-2 和 PMA-3 被用作航天飛機的對接口。

The smaller side, which is the side that uses APAS, was used for the Space Shuttle.

較小的一側，也就是使用 APAS 的一側，被用於航天飛機。

This is how it would dock to the space station.

這就是它與空間站對接的方式。

Both of these PMAs now have yet another type of adapter placed at the end.

這兩種 PMA 現在都在末端安裝了另一種適配器。

This allows for more modern spacecraft to dock to the space station.

這樣就可以讓更現代化的航天器與空間站對接。

If you'd like to see this in action, you can watch my SpaceX Crew Dragon video.

如果您想觀看實際操作，可以觀看我製作的 SpaceX 乘員龍視頻。

I'll leave a link in the description below.

我會在下面的說明中留下鏈接。

Now let's take a quick look at the Space Shuttle.

現在，讓我們快速瀏覽一下航天飛機。

The crew spends most of their time up here in the crew compartment.

船員們大部分時間都待在上面的船員艙裡。

Back here is the payload bay.

後面是有效載荷艙。

This is where the space station modules were carried up into space.

空間站模塊就是在這裡被運上太空的。

Up front here is the orbital docking system.

前面是軌道對接系統。

This is the place that could dock to the International Space Station.

這裡可以與國際空間站對接。

The astronauts can also do spacewalks from out of this hatch.

太空人還可以從這個艙口進行太空行走。

On the side here is the Canadarm.

一旁是 Canadarm。

It's a robotic arm that is capable of moving things around in space.

這是一個能夠在太空中移動物體的機械臂。

The arm can be controlled from inside of the Space Shuttle at this workstation.

可以在航天飛機內部的工作站控制機械臂。

The Space Shuttle launches took place from Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

航天飛機從佛羅里達州肯尼迪航天中心發射升空。

Once in space, the payload bay doors were opened.

進入太空後，有效載荷艙門被打開。

They remained open for the entire time they were in space.

它們在太空中的整個過程中都保持著開放狀態。

Then it took a few days for the Space Shuttle to catch up with the ISS.

然後，航天飛機花了幾天時間才趕上國際空間站。

The Space Shuttle is retired now, but it played a crucial role in building the space station.

航天飛機現已退役，但它在空間站的建設中發揮了至關重要的作用。

Let's take a look at a few of these Space Shuttle missions.

讓我們來看看其中的幾次航天飛機任務。

This first mission we'll go over in a bit more detail.

我們將對第一個任務進行更詳細的介紹。

I want to give an idea for the timeline and how long things took.

我想讓大家瞭解一下時間安排和所需時間。

And then for the next three missions, we'll go over just a little bit quicker once we get the right idea.

接下來的三個任務，一旦我們有了正確的思路，我們就會稍微快一點。

The first mission we'll talk about is STS-88 in December of 1998.

我們要談的第一個任務是 1998 年 12 月的 STS-88。

And the STS stands for Space Transportation System.

STS代表太空運輸系統。

All shuttle missions started with these three letters.

所有航天飛機任務都是以這三個字母開始的。

This was the first shuttle mission to the International Space Station.

這是首次前往國際空間站的航天飛機任務。

At this time, the station had only one piece.

此時，車站只有一塊。

It was the Russian module Zarya orbiting the Earth all by itself.

那是俄羅斯的 "扎里亞 "號太空艙獨自繞地球運行。

On the completed station, this is where Zarya is.

在已完工的站臺上，扎里亞就在這裡。

And this first shuttle mission brought up the Unity module.

而這第一次航天飛機任務帶來了 "團結 "艙。

This is kind of like the center hub of the station, with six berthing ports where other modules can be attached.

這裡就像是空間站的中心樞紐，有六個停泊口，可以連接其他模塊。

Unity was launched with PMA-1 and PMA-2 already attached to it.

Unity 在發射時已經連接了 PMA-1 和 PMA-2。

This mission took almost 12 days to complete.

這次任務耗時近 12 天。

The first few days were used to make preparations and to catch up to Zarya.

最初的幾天用來做準備工作和追趕扎里亞。

On day three of the mission, the Canadarm was put to work.

在任務的第三天，加力臂開始工作。

It was time to lift Unity out of the payload bay.

是時候讓 "團結 "號離開有效載荷艙了。

PMA-2 was then attached to the orbital docking system on the shuttle.

隨後，PMA-2 被連接到航天飛機上的軌道對接系統。

The Canadarm can move large masses in space due to being weightless while in orbit.

由於在軌道上失重，Canadarm 可以在太空中移動大品質物體。

It had to move very slowly to not strain the robotic joints.

它必須非常緩慢地移動，以免機器人關節受力。

It took hours to complete and very careful movement.

這需要幾個小時才能完成，而且動作要非常小心。

The shuttle's thrusters were fired to bring the modules together.

航天飛機的推進器被點燃，將艙體連接在一起。

On the fourth day of the mission, the space shuttle slowly approached Zarya.

執行任務的第四天，航天飛機慢慢靠近了扎里亞。

The Canadarm grabbed onto it and then moved it into position above PMA-1.

加農臂抓住它，然後將其移動到 PMA-1 上方的位置。

Again, the shuttle's thrusters were fired to bring the modules together.

航天飛機的推進器再次啟動，將艙體聚攏在一起。

It took a few more days of preparation before they could go inside the station.

又經過幾天的準備，他們才得以進入車站內部。

There were two EVAs where they get into their spacesuit and go outside the station.

有兩次艙外活動，他們穿上宇航服走出空間站。

They connected cables and installed antennas on the outside of the station.

他們在空間站外部連接電纜並安裝天線。

The Canadarm was used to help move the astronauts around.

Canadarm用於幫助太空人移動。

On the eighth day of the mission, they opened the hatch and entered the station for the first time.

任務第八天，他們打開艙門，第一次進入空間站。

They only stayed inside for about a day, just enough to check things out and prepare it for the next mission.

他們只在裡面呆了大約一天，只夠檢查一下，為下一次任務做準備。

On the tenth day of the mission, there was one more EVA to finish the installation.

在任務的第十天，還有一次艙外活動來完成安裝工作。

Then on the eleventh day of the mission, the shuttle undocked from the ISS.

然後，在飛行任務的第 11 天，航天飛機從國際空間站脫鉤。

At this point, there was no permanent crew yet.

此時，還沒有固定的工作人員。

The station was too small.

車站太小了。

Unity and Zarya orbited all by themselves for the next few months.

在接下來的幾個月裡，"團結 "號和 "扎里亞 "號一直獨自運行。

Of course, all while being monitored by Mission Control back on Earth.

當然，這一切都在地球上的任務控制中心的監控之下。

Then we'll fast forward just a few years in time.

然後，我們把時間快進幾年。

The station had a few more modules, and there were three crew members living on board the station.

空間站還有幾個模塊，有三名工作人員居住在空間站上。

The next mission we'll talk about is STS-98, in February of 2001.

下一個任務是 2001 年 2 月的 STS-98。

So here's our completed station.

這就是我們建成的車站。

Here's what it looked like right before STS-98.

這是 STS-98 之前的樣子。

This mission brought up the Destiny Module.

這個任務帶來了命運模塊。

STS-98 lasted for 13 days, but they were attached to the station for only six of those days.

STS-98持續了13天，但他們只在其中的6天裡與空間站相連。

They docked to PMA-3 on the nadir, or bottom side, of the station.

它們停靠在空間站底面的 PMA-3 上。

The Canadarm was used to grab onto PMA-2 and relocate it to the side of the Z1 truss.

加那利臂被用來抓住 PMA-2，並將其移至 Z1 桁架的一側。

Then the arm was used to lift the Destiny Module out of the payload bay, slowly flip it 180 degrees, and then attach it to the forward berthing port on Unity.

然後用機械臂將 "命運號 "艙從有效載荷艙中吊出，緩慢地翻轉 180 度，然後將其固定在 "團結號 "的前部停泊口上。

This took hours to complete and very careful movement to make sure nothing was damaged.

這需要幾個小時才能完成，而且要非常小心地移動，以確保沒有任何損壞。

The next day, they opened the hatches and went inside Destiny for the first time.

第二天，他們打開艙門，第一次走進 "命運號"。

The U.S.

美國

Laboratory is mainly used for scientific research on board the station.

實驗室主要用於空間站上的科學研究。

PMA-2 was then relocated to the forward side of Destiny.

隨後，PMA-2 被轉移到 "命運號 "的前側。

The mission had three separate EVAs to connect and install items on the outside of the station.

這次任務有三次獨立的艙外活動，以連接和安裝空間站外部的物品。

The purpose of this next mission was to give the station its own robotic arm, called the Canadarm-2.

下一次任務的目的是讓空間站擁有自己的機械臂，即 "Canadarm-2"。

The first Canadarm was on the Space Shuttle.

第一臺加力臂安裝在航天飛機上。

Very useful, but it was permanently attached to the shuttle.

非常有用，但它是固定在航天飛機上的。

This means it goes home at the end of a shuttle mission.

這意味著它在航天飛機飛行任務結束後就會回家。

The Canadarm-2 can lift heavier loads and would now stay on board the station, so it can be used in between the shuttle missions.

Canadarm-2可以吊運更重的貨物，現在將留在空間站上，以便在航天飛機執行任務的間隙使用。

Here's an example of where you might find the Canadarm-2 on the station today.

下面舉例說明了今天在空間站上可以找到 Canadarm-2 的位置。

The arm can attach to the station at either end.

機械臂可從兩端連接到站臺。

These are called latching end effectors.

這些被稱為閉鎖末端執行器。

It attaches to anywhere on the station that has a power data grapple fixture.

它可以安裝在空間站上任何有電力數據抓取裝置的地方。

As you might guess, it provides power and data connection, so it can be controlled from inside the station and from mission control back on Earth if needed.

正如你可能猜到的那樣，它提供電源和數據連接，是以可以從空間站內部和地球上的任務控制中心對其進行控制（如果需要的話）。

These power data grapple fixtures are in many places on the outside of the station.

這些電力數據抓鬥固定裝置分佈在車站外部的許多地方。

The mission that brought up the Canadarm-2 was called STS-100.

將Canadarm-2送上太空的任務被稱為STS-100。

It was a 12-day mission.

這是一次為期 12 天的任務。

The shuttle docked to the front of the station at PMA-2.

穿梭機停靠在 PMA-2 站的前端。

This carried Raffaello, a multi-purpose logistics module which would be temporarily attached to the station.

它搭載了一個多功能後勤艙 "Raffaello"，將臨時安裝在空間站上。

The second piece of cargo was the Canadarm-2.

第二件貨物是 Canadarm-2。

It was brought to the station on board a special pallet.

它是用一個特殊的托盤運到車站的。

The shuttle's Canadarm grabbed onto the pallet, lifted it out of the payload bay, and then attached the pallet to the top of the Destiny module.

航天飛機的加力臂抓住托盤，將其吊出有效載荷艙，然後將托盤連接到命運號艙的頂部。

It was slowly unfolded and put together by the astronauts.

它是由太空人慢慢展開並拼接起來的。

They also had a little help from the shuttle's Canadarm.

航天飛機的加力臂也為他們提供了一點幫助。

Then the Canadarm-2 was moved on its own for the first time.

隨後，Canadarm-2 首次獨立移動。

It was initially connected to the side of the Destiny module.

它最初連接在 "命運 "模塊的側面。

At the end of the mission, the Canadarm-2 was used to lift the pallet and hand it over to the shuttle's Canadarm.

任務結束時，Canadarm-2 被用來抬起托盤，並將其交給航天飛機的 Canadarm。

This was the first robotic handshake in space, sometimes referred to as the Canadian Handshake, because both of these arms were built by Canada.

這是太空中第一次機器人握手，有時也被稱為 "加拿大握手"，因為這兩個手臂都是加拿大製造的。

The empty pallet was then put back into the payload bay.

空托盤隨後被放回有效載荷艙。

A few days later, the shuttle undocked from the station.

幾天後，航天飛機離開了空間站。

The Canadarm-2 was essential for constructing the rest of the space station.

Canadarm-2對空間站其他部分的建造至關重要。

The last mission that I want to show in this video is STS-104.

我想在這段視頻中展示的最後一項任務是 STS-104。

So here's the completed station, and here's what it looked like right before STS-104.

這是建成後的空間站，也是 STS-104 之前的樣子。

This mission brought up the Quest airlock.

這次任務帶來了 "探索 "氣閘。

The mission lasted for almost 13 days, once again docking to the front of the station at PMA-2.

這次任務持續了將近 13 天，再次在 PMA-2 站與空間站前部對接。

This was the first time they used the Canadarm-2 to help construct the station.

這是他們第一次使用 Canadarm-2 幫助建造空間站。

The Quest airlock was slowly moved into position on the starboard side of the Unity module.

探索號氣閘被緩緩移到團結號艙右舷的位置。

Two of the astronauts were in position, ready to help install the new module.

兩名太空人已經就位，準備幫助安裝新艙。

Once Quest was installed, it was time for the high-pressure gas tanks.

Quest 安裝完畢後，就該安裝高壓氣罐了。

Once again, the Canadarm-2 was used to move the tanks around.

Canadarm-2 再次被用來移動坦克。

The astronauts helped guide the tanks into position.

太空人幫助引導坦克就位。

Up until this point, they could only perform spacewalks from the shuttle's payload bay.

在此之前，他們只能從航天飛機的有效載荷艙進行太空行走。

But the Quest airlock gave them another option.

但探索氣閘給了他們另一種選擇。

This part is called the equipment lock, and this part is called the crew lock.

這部分稱為設備鎖，這部分稱為船員鎖。

Once the astronauts are inside of their spacesuits, the hatch is closed and the crew lock is depressurized.

太空人進入宇航服後，艙門關閉，乘員鎖減壓。

This means that all the air is pumped out.

這意味著所有的空氣都被抽走了。

Now the airlock hatch is opened, and then the thermal cover on the outside.

現在打開氣閘艙門，然後打開外面的隔熱蓋。

The opening points straight down, so the first thing they see is the Earth right beneath them.

開口直指下方，所以他們首先看到的是腳下的地球。

This video summarized four separate shuttle missions, just to give you a better idea of what it took to construct the International Space Station.

這段視頻總結了四次不同的航天飛機任務，讓你更好地瞭解國際空間站的建造過程。

This was just the early stages, and there's a lot more to the construction.

這還只是初期階段，還有很多工作要做。

Maybe we'll cover that in a future video.

也許我們會在以後的視頻中介紹。

My name's Jared.

我叫賈裡德