They all require energy to function.

它們都需要能量才能運轉。

This energy is created within our cells, in the mitochondria.

這種能量是在細胞內的線粒體中產生的。

Here, food is converted into chemical energy called ATP.

在這裡，食物被轉化為名為 ATP 的化學能。

ATP is released by the mitochondria so cells can use it. Mitochondria consist of two membranes, an outer membrane separating it from the cytosol, and an inner membrane surrounding the so-called matrix.

ATP 由線粒體釋放，以便細胞使用。線粒體由兩層膜組成，一層外膜將線粒體與細胞質隔開，另一層內膜圍繞著所謂的基質。

The area between these membranes is called the intermembrane space. ATP is generated at the inner membrane of mitochondria by an efficient mechanism called oxidative phosphorylation, involving several membrane protein complexes.

這些膜之間的區域稱為膜間隙。線粒體內膜通過一種稱為氧化磷酸化的高效機制產生 ATP，其中涉及多個膜蛋白複合物。

Nutrients provide high-energy electrons in the form of NADH, which are used by the protein. This continuous pumping creates a proton gradient, where the positively charged protons are attracted to the more negative matrix.

營養物質以 NADH 的形式提供高能電子，供蛋白質使用。這種持續的泵送產生了質子梯度，帶正電荷的質子被吸引到負電荷較多的基質上。

When the protons re-enter the matrix through the ATP synthase protein complex, they catalyze the production of ATP.

當質子通過 ATP 合酶蛋白複合物重新進入基質時，它們會催化 ATP 的產生。